Doppler sonography for ulnar neuropathy at the elbow

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the value of Doppler sonography for evaluation of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE). Methods: A total of 102 patients with a clinical suspicion of UNE and 50 healthy controls were examined by Doppler and gray‐scale sonography. Results: Intraneural vascularization was found in 31 (46.3%) of 67 patients with confirmed UNE and in 3 (6.0%) of 50 healthy controls. Combining gray‐scale sonography measurement of nerve size and the presence of intraneural vascularization increased sensitivity by 3%, but decreased the specificity. Patients with intraneural vascularization had more severe disease than those without intraneural vascularization (P < 0.05). The variables obtained by Doppler sonography were associated with the severity of UNE (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Doppler sonography is not helpful for diagnosing UNE but can be used to assess the severity of UNE. Muscle Nerve 54 : 258–263, 2016     

Development and psychometric properties of an informant assessment scale of theory of mind for adults with traumatic brain injury

Impairment of theory of mind (ToM) is a common phenomenon following traumatic brain injury (TBI) that has clear effects on patients’ social functioning. A growing body of research has focused on this area, and several methods have been developed to assess ToM deficiency. Although an informant assessment scale would be useful for examining individuals with TBI, very few studies have adopted this approach. The purpose of the present study was to develop an informant assessment scale of ToM for adults with traumatic brain injury (IASToM-aTBI) and to test its reliability and validity with 196 adults with TBI and 80 normal adults. A 44-item scale was developed following a literature review, interviews with patient informants, consultations with experts, item analysis, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The following three common factors were extracted: social interaction, understanding of beliefs, and understanding of emotions. The psychometric analyses indicate that the scale has good internal consistency reliability, split-half reliability, test-retest reliability, inter-rater reliability, structural validity, discriminate validity and criterion validity. These results provide preliminary evidence that supports the reliability and validity of the IASToM-aTBI as a ToM assessment tool for adults with TBI.     

脑电双频指数与镇静-躁动评分评价机械通气患者镇静程度可靠性的比较研究

目的探讨脑电双频指数(BIS)评价重症监护室(ICU)危重患者镇静程度的可靠性。方法选择18～65岁、无意识障碍、需持续机械通气(>72h)患者15例。患者入ICU3d7:00停用所有镇痛及镇静剂,待患者完全清醒后静脉泵入异丙酚至BIS目标值为45～60,维持10min后,每间隔10min减少异丙酚泵入量10μg·kg-1·min-1至停止药物泵入。于达到镇静目标以及每次减药后测定BIS值以及镇静躁动评分(SAS)分级。结果BIS值与SAS分级具有良好的相关性(r=0.6494,P<0.01)。但SAS分级在2～4级时,BIS值分布离散度高,相关系数下降(r=0.4566,P<0.01)。随着异丙酚泵入量的逐渐减少,BIS值逐步升高,两者呈现显著的线性负相关(r=0.8076,P<0.01);SAS分级亦显著上升,两者呈现等级负相关(r=0.6551,P<0.01)。结论SAS分级与BIS值在评价ICU机械通气患者镇静程度时存在良好相关性。但在SAS2～4级镇静状态时,BIS能更准确、客观地反映患者镇静程度。     

脑卒中患者肢体运动功能的综合康复治疗

对26例脑卒中患者采用以运动疗法为主的综合技术进行康复治疗，以Fugl－Meyer评分法进行功能评定。结果：经综合治疗的患者肢体运动功能，Fugl－Meyer总分比治疗前有极显著性差异（P＜0．01）。而平衡、感觉功能、关节活动度、关节疼痛等治疗后亦较治疗前有明显改进，但无统计学意义。早期（＜3个月）进行治疗的患者其肢体功能评分较非早期组高（P＜0．01）。表明脑卒中偏瘫的综合治疗效果明显，早期治疗效果优于非早期治疗。     

改良法气腹减轻腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者术后疼痛

目的探讨改良法气腹对减轻腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy，LC）患者术后疼痛的效果。方法将75例拟实施LC术的患者按随机数字表法分为两组，分别用改良法（呼吸机湿化器应用于CO2气腹）和传统法进行气腹，比较两组患者的术后疼痛评分、止痛药使用情况、术前后肛温差值及肛门排气时间。结果改良气腹组和传统气腹组在术前后肛温差值、术后疼痛评分方面差异非常显著（P〈0．01）；在止痛药使用及肛门排气时间方面也有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论改良法气腹可以减轻LC患者术后疼痛的发生率、减少术后镇痛药的使用量、避免术后低体温的发生，使患者尽早康复。     

护士生命质量与工作满意度的相关研究

目的 探讨护士生命质量、工作满意度状况及其相关性分析.方法 应用WHOQOL-100量表和Mueller/McCloskey满意度量表(MMSS)对随机抽取的606名护士进行问卷调查,结果用SPSS统计软件进行分析.结果 (1)护士的生命质量低于普通人群(P<0.05);(2)护士对自己工作总体满意程度不高,对工作报酬满意度最低;(3)护士生命质量与工作满意度呈正相关(P<0.01).结论 护士的生活质量、工作满意度不容乐观,应针对不同群体采取不同措施来改善和提高护士的工作满意度,从而改善护士的职业生命质量,并为患者提供优质服务.