山慈菇抑制镉诱发遗传损伤研究

采用活体小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞（ＰＣＥ）微核试验（ＭＮＴ）,观察中草药山慈菇（ＢｕｌｂｕｓＩｐｈｉｇｅｎｉａｅ）水溶性提取物的诱变作用及对镉（Ｃｄ）、环磷酰胺（ｃｐ）的抗诱变作用。结果表明：山慈菇可以诱发微核（ＭＮ）产生,但其诱变作用不强;山慈菇对Ｃｄ及ｃｐ的诱变作用具有明显的抑制效果,并对Ｃｄ的抑制作用明显强于对ｃｐ的抑制作用。     

福建地区河弧菌噬菌体分型研究

采用７ 株噬菌体按 Ｇｅｒｓｈｍａｎ 的分型法,对从福建地区的人和外环境标本检出的２７１ 株河弧菌作了分型试验。结果有２２３ 株菌能被分型,分型率为８２２９ ％ ,共检出３８ 个不同噬菌体型,其中以６００ 、４００ 、７４０ 、５００ 、６４０ 、７６０ 、０２０ 和６２０ 等８个型较常见,占总分型 菌的４９０８ ％ ;发现人源菌的常见型别与海产品源菌、水源菌和食品源菌的型别关系密切。     

The case for liver transplantation in end-stage alcoholic liver disease

Liver transplantation is now a routine procedure and is seen as a valid treatment option for end-stage liver disease. Alcoholism has been regarded as a relative or absolute contraindication to liver transplantation in many transplant units. Recent data document a success rate for transplantation in alcoholic patients that equals that in other patient groups. Issues relating to the ethical and scientific arguments surrounding this complex area of treatment are discussed. It is concluded that individual patients should be assessed in their own right for this treatment option. It is argued that patient groups should not be denied access to specific life-saving treatments.     

Biological monitoring of isocyanates and related amines

Summary Five men were exposed to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) atmospheres for 7.5 h. The TDI atmospheres were generated by a gas-phase permeation method, and the exposures were performed in an 8-m3 stainless-steel test chamber. The mean air concentration of TDI was ca. 40 g/m³, which corresponds to the threshold limit value (TLV) of Sweden. The inhaled doses of 2,4- and 2,6-TDI were ca. 120 g. TDI in the test chamber air was determined by an HPLC method using the 9-(N-methyl-aminomethyl)-anthracene reagent and by a continuous-monitoring filter-tape instrument. After hydrolysis of plasma and urine, the related amines, 2,4- and 2,6-toluenediamine 2,4-, and 2,6-TDA), were determined as pentafluoropropionic anhydride (PFPA) derivatives by capillary gas-chromatography using selected ion monitoring (SIM) in the electron-impact mode. The urinary elimination of the TDAs showed a possible biphasic pattern, with rapid first phases for 2,4-TDA (mean t _1/2 for the concentration in urine, 1.9 h) and for 2,6-TDA (mean t _1/2 for the concentration in urine, 1.6 h). The cumulative amount of 2,4-TDA excreted in urine within 28 h ranged from 8% to 14% of the estimated dose of 2,4-TDI, and the cumulative amount of 2,6-TDA in urine ranged from 14% to 18% of the 2,6-TDI dose. The average urinary level of 2,4-TDA was 5 g/l in the 6 to 8-h sample (range 2.8–9.6 g/l), and the corresponding value for 2,6-TDA was 8.6 g/l (range, 5.6–16.6 g/l). Biological monitoring of exposure to 2,4- and 2,6-TDI by analysis of 2,4- and 2,6-TDA in urine is feasible.     

Cancer statistics of Chinese Versus Americans

Cancer incidence and mortality rates of Chinese in China (Shanghai, Kwangtung), Hong Kong, and the United States (San Francisco, etc.) are presented. The rates for the U.S. white population are included for comparison. Additional mortality rates of Chinese in Japan and incidence rates of Chinese in Singapore and British Columbia are also available. Such statistics emphasize both the distinctions and the similarities in cancer problems among chinese living abroad and Chinese living in China. Some ethnic and cultural differences, as well as differences in age, site distribution, and histological subtype, of certain cancers are discussed.     

A study of visual and auditory verbal working memory in schizophrenic patients compared to healthy subjects

Impaired working memory (WM) performance is considered as a central feature of schizophrenia. Divided into two components, verbal and spatial, WM has been shown to involve frontal and parietal regions. Verbal WM can be tested either visually or aurally. The present study aimed to test schizophrenic patients in both visual and auditory verbal WM in order to assess a possible distinct pattern of alteration of these two modalities. Twenty-four schizophrenic patients and 24 healthy controls were compared with 2-back continuous visual and auditory verbal WM testing. Both groups were also tested on a neuropsychological battery including Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Schizophrenic patients were less efficient in both verbal WM tests. When taking age and educational level as covariates and both WM modalities as dependent variables, there was no differential effect of modalities across groups. In further exploratory analyses, partial correlations brought association between verbal WM and psychosocial adaptation, WCST and length of illness. These results suggest a similar pattern of alteration of both modalities of verbal WM in schizophrenic patients. The implications of this finding are discussed. Received: 16 February 1999 / Accepted: 20 December 1999     

若干疾病中医证的流行病学研究进展

以流行病学在病证结合的中医“证”研究中的应用为线索，光盘检索和手工查阅了1997—2002年的期刊文献，对若干疾病运用流行病学方法进行的大样本(100例以上)的中医证型临床研究结果作一个回顾和小结，从流行病学和统计学的角度分析科研和论文中存在的问题，提出改进方法和展望。     

灌肠合剂的药效学试验

目的:研究灌肠合剂抗炎、解热及促进大肠运动和直肠蠕动等作用。方法:灌肠合剂生药剂量为9.36g/kg(大剂量)和3.12g/kg(小剂量),相当于临床用药的6.9倍和2.3倍。阳性对照药为导便栓,阴性对照品为蒸馏水,其中抗炎试验未设阳性对照。结果:直肠给药,灌肠合剂对鸡蛋清致大鼠足跖肿胀有抑制作用,大剂量组与蒸馏水组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01);能抑制大肠杆菌内毒素致家兔体温升高,受试组与蒸馏水对照组比较有显著差异(P<0.05和P<0.01);能增强大鼠和家兔的大肠运动,给药后粪便排泄量增加,墨汁推进距离延长,受试组与蒸馏水对照组比较有显著差异(P<0.05和P<0.01)。结论:经直肠给药灌肠合剂有抗炎、解热、增强大肠运动和直肠蠕动作用。     

2264例海洛因依赖者HIV抗体检测结果分析

目的：了解海洛因依赖者HIV抗体阳性率并对阳性人群的相关情况进行分析。方法：对所有检测病例抽静脉血3ml，先用HIV(1 2)抗体酶联免疫吸附法进行初筛试验，阳性者送浙江省疾病控制中心用蛋白印迹法进行确诊试验，仍为阳性者确诊为HIV抗体阳性。结果：2264例海洛因依赖者中HIV抗体阳性21例，阳性率为0．93％，全部为男性，且全部为有互用针头及注射器行为的静脉注射者，年龄24～39岁，平均29．3岁，多见于原籍新疆、广西等边远贫困地区的无业人员，文化程度多在初中以下。结论：海洛因依赖者，特别是互用针头及注射的静脉注射者是HIV感染高危人群，新疆、广西等边远贫困地区，男性、无业、初中以下文化水平的青壮年感染率高。     

山茱萸结果期果实变化的动态研究

目的　山茱萸是一种常用的名贵中药材 ,本研究拟为今后改善山茱萸的管理方法 ,提高产量和质量提供一定的数据基础。方法　应用生态学和生物统计学等手段 ,初步研究了小环境对山茱萸出肉率的影响 ,以及果实成熟期果实、果核的变化动态趋势及相关性。结果　各采集地点山茱萸出肉率有显著差异 ;山茱萸果实大小在成熟期有一个明显的峰值 ,大约出现在 9月 2 2日 ;其果实与果核呈一定的线性相关性。结论　生态因子和人工管理的状况都会对出肉率、果实与果核大小产生影响。