如何正确运用χ2检验——队列设计四格表资料的χ2检验

本文目的是介绍队列设计四格表资料的χ²检验、相对危险度的假设检验和区间估计、SAS以及R软件的实现。针对队列设计的特点,重点介绍相对危险度的概念、假设检验和区间估计方法。对SAS与R软件计算的结果作出解释,并给出统计和专业结论。     

Ridgecounter: A program for obtaining semi-automated finger ridge counts

Finger ridge count is a valuable quantitative phenotype used in a wide range of biological and anthropological research. However, the scoring of the phenotype is both labour intensive and error prone. This paper describe a freely available software program, RIDGECOUNTER, that can be used to obtain ridge counts from digitized prints (either collected using a digital fingerprint scanner or scanned from an inked print). The program yields semi-automated ridge counts and logs the location of the user-selected core and delta points to aid in the training of new researchers and ensure the repeatability of count. In a validity study of 451 prints, the semi-automated ridge counts of digital prints showed good agreement (r?=?0.957) with traditional manual counts of inked-rolled prints (which were obtained 2 years apart and counted by different researchers). In a reliability study of 200 prints, semi-automated ridge counts derived from digital prints collected at two different time points also showed good agreement (r?=?0.962) (the prints were obtained 2 years apart and counted by the same researcher). Although designed for use with fingerprints, the program is suitable for use with palm, foot or toe prints using user-defined landmarks.     

基于床垫动态压力检测的胸腹呼吸运动无束缚监测方法

目的开发一种适用于日常居家使用的无束缚睡眠呼吸监测方法,实现睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(sleep apnea syndrome,SAS)及呼吸系统疾病的无束缚筛查。方法提出一种基于床单式柔性压力传感器的无束缚胸腹呼吸监测方法,通过检测呼吸时胸部和腹部作用于床垫的动态压力获取呼吸信息。对10名健康受试者进行无束缚监测与胸腹呼吸带监测的对比实验,验证所提方法的有效性。结果床单式柔性压力传感器可以检测呼吸时胸部和腹部作用于床垫的动态压力,并据此获取呼吸波形和呼吸率信息。其中,呼吸率与胸腹呼吸带的输出结果相同,而呼吸动态压力波形与胸腹呼吸带输出信号在相位上存在差异,该差异与受试者的睡姿和性别有关。建立胸式呼吸有限元模型,对呼吸运动的相位差异进行初步分析。结论床单式柔性压力传感器可以无束缚监测呼吸时胸部和腹部运动,具有判别SAS类型的潜力。由于胸腹运动存在力学耦合关系,欲利用动态压力识别胸腹运动的相位差,进一步需进行解耦研究。     

中学生考试焦虑症患者认知功能损害的事件相关电位P300

目的探讨中学生考试焦虑症患者认知功能的事件相关电位P300特征。方法将30例诊断为考试焦虑症中学生患者作为实验组,与实验组性别、年龄匹配的30例健康中学生作为对照组。对照组、实验组在考试前后分别予P300检测及Zung氏焦虑自评量表（SAS）评定,比较组间P300各成分及SAS评分的差异。结果与对照组相比,考试前实验组P3潜伏期及反应时间明显延长,P3波幅明显降低（t=6．823～9．051,P〈0．05或0．01）。考试后,实验组P3潜伏期及反应时间比考试前明显缩短,P3波幅明显增高（t=5．973—11．120,P〈0．05或0．01）;考试前实验组SAS评分与P3潜伏期、反应时间呈正相关关系,与波幅呈负相关关系（r=0．4,0．8,-0．51,P〈O．05或0．01）。结论中学生考试焦虑症患者存在认知功能损害,针对缓解焦虑症状的干预十分必要。     

Comparative Aesthetic Evaluation of Lip Reconstruction Using Abbe’s Flap in Secondary Cleft Lip Deformities: A Retrospective Study

AimTo objectively evaluate the surgical outcome of deformed cleft lip treated by Abbe’s flap using Digimizer image analysis software.MethodsFifteen Abbe’s flap (AF) reconstruction cases with satisfactory photographic records were acquired in Digimizer image analysis software. Anthropometric landmarks were marked on the lip. Bilateral lip lengths, height and width were measured preoperatively and postoperatively after AF reconstruction for comparison.ResultsIt was observed that by AF reconstruction, we could increase vermillion lip length and Cupid’s bow width, hence providing adequate bulk to the middle of the lip. In addition to it, in some cases we could achieve the acceptable anatomy of the centre of the Cupid’s bow with which it was sometimes disturbed during primary cheiloplasty. Lip length and lip height became proportionately equal bilaterally, leading to adequate lip symmetry in all cases.ConclusionComputer-assisted anthropometric analysis of photographs using Digimizer image analysis software (MedCalc Software, Belgium) demonstrates that AF lip reconstruction technique produces aesthetic lip consistently.     

2种不同形变配准软件在头颈部勾画中的作用评价

目的 比较2种目前放疗市场上主流的形变配准软件在CT形变配准中的结果表现,确定其在图像配准中的价值。方法 选择本院2018年2月—2020年6月收治的15例重复定位的头颈部肿瘤患者作为研究对象,治疗过程中前、后2组CT图像正常组织由同一位资深医师进行勾画,分别在MIM软件和AccuContour软件中进行形变配准,将第一组图像的正常组织形变到第二组图像中,与第二组图像直接勾画的组织进行计算,得到相似性系数（Dice系数）与空间评价指标（Hausdorff距离）。采用SPSS 23.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果 2种形变配准软件都有良好的形变配准功能。正常组织显像不同,对配准结果有一定影响,眼球、下颌骨等显像良好的组织配准结果更好,晶体、视神经、视交叉等小体积组织配准结果较差。2组软件相比,MIM软件更具有优势;Dice系数评价中,MIM软件数据更佳的比率为67%,其中55%存在统计学意义（P<0.05）;Hausdorff距离显示,MIM软件数据更佳的比率为74%,其中48%的指标存在统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 2种形变配准软件都具备良好的形变配准能力,相对而言,MIM软件更有优势。对形变配准精度要求较高时,选择MIM软件更佳。     

A Lot of Action,But Not in the Right Direction: Systematic Review and Content Analysis of Smartphone Applications for the Prevention,Detection, and Management of Cancer

Background

Mobile phones have become nearly ubiquitous, offering a promising means to deliver health interventions. However, little is known about smartphone applications (apps) for cancer.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to characterize the purpose and content of cancer-focused smartphone apps available for use by the general public and the evidence on their utility or effectiveness.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of the official application stores for the four major smartphone platforms: iPhone, Android, Nokia, and BlackBerry. Apps were included in the review if they were focused on cancer and available for use by the general public. This was complemented by a systematic review of literature from MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify evaluations of cancer-related smartphone apps.

Results

A total of 295 apps from the smartphone app stores met the inclusion criteria. The majority of apps targeted breast cancer (46.8%, 138/295) or cancer in general (28.5%, 84/295). The reported app purpose was predominantly to raise awareness about cancer (32.2%, 95/295) or to provide educational information about cancer (26.4%, 78/295), followed by apps to support fundraising efforts (12.9%, 38/295), assist in early detection (11.5%, 34/295), promote a charitable organization (10.2%, 30/295), support disease management (3.7%, 11/295), cancer prevention (2.0%, 6/295), or social support (1.0%, 3/295). The majority of the apps did not describe their organizational affiliation (64.1%, 189/295). Apps affiliated with non-profit organizations were more likely to be free of cost (χ² ₁=16.3, P<.001) and have a fundraising or awareness purpose (χ² ₂=13.3, P=.001). The review of the health literature yielded 594 articles, none of which reported an evaluation of a cancer-focused smartphone application.

Conclusions

There are hundreds of cancer-focused apps with the potential to enhance efforts to promote behavior change, to monitor a host of symptoms and physiological indicators of disease, and to provide real-time supportive interventions, conveniently and at low cost. However, there is a lack of evidence on their utility, effectiveness, and safety. Future efforts should focus on improving and consolidating the evidence base into a whitelist for public consumption.     

药动学研究常用软件介绍

药动学是一门研究药物体内动态变化规律及其影响因素的学科。药动学模型研究从经典的房室模型,统计矩理论的应用,到复杂的群体药动学、生理药动学以及药动-药效学建模,都需要可靠的软件工具来完成复杂的数学计算过程。一些商业公司开发的药动学模型专业软件,已在药物研发和科学研究中广为应用;另一方面,开源工具正得到大力推广。本文总结目前用于药动学模型研究的主流软件工具,对其功能应用做简要介绍,以期为国内相关研究者提供有价值的信息。