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51.
目的:对滴眼用利福平含量测定用溶剂对含量的影响加以分析,在质量标准中详细说明滴眼用利福平供试品溶液制备方法是必要的。方法:色谱柱为Alltech Alltima C8(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),柱温30℃,流动相为甲醇-乙腈-0.075mol·L^-1磷酸二氢钾溶液-1.0mol·L^-1枸橼酸溶液(30:30:36:4),流速1.0mL·min^-1,检测波长254am,进样量10μL。结果:滴眼用利福平含量测定用溶剂对含量影响很大。结论:建议滴眼用利福平质量标准中的含量测定项下注明:对照品溶液的具体制备方法与溶液应在制备后立即进样,确保质量标准的可操作性。 相似文献
52.
目的:比较利福平注射液和利福平胶囊治疗肺结核的临床疗效。方法120例肺结核患者随机分为观察组和对照组各60例,两组患者均采用2 HRZE/4 HR 标准化疗方案治疗,并分别给予利福平注射液、利福平胶囊。结果疗程结束时观察组和对照组痰菌阴转率分别为91.7%、78.3%;病灶吸收率分别为86.7%、61.7%,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或0.01)。两组空洞闭合、缩小例数及不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论利福平注射液治疗肺结核疗效显著,副作用小,有较好的临床应用价值。 相似文献
53.
目的探究利福喷丁治疗肺结核患者的临床疗效。方法 2009年3月—2013年2月就诊于淄博市第一医院的肺结核患者122例,随机分为治疗组(61例)和对照组(61例),所有患者均口服异烟肼片0.3 g/d,吡嗪酰胺片1.5 g/d,盐酸乙胺丁醇片0.75 g/d。治疗组在此基础上口服利福喷丁胶囊,0.6 g/次,1次/周。对照组口服利福平胶囊,0.45 g/d。两组患者均连续治疗6个月。治疗结束后,评价两组患者的临床疗效,同时观察痰涂片转阴、空洞消失及病灶吸收情况和不良反应发生情况。结果治疗组和对照组的总有效率分别为96.72%、85.25%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。治疗3、6个月治疗组患者的痰涂片转阴率、空洞消失率及病灶吸收率均明显高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。治疗3、6个月后治疗组患者的胃肠道反应、白细胞降低例数、谷氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平均明显低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。结论应用利福喷丁对肺结核患者进行治疗可明显增强临床疗效,且不良反应较小,建议临床推广应用。 相似文献
54.
Anaïs Potron Maxime Bour Pauline Triponney Joris Muller Christelle Koebel Rémy A. Bonnin Patrick Plésiat 《International journal of antimicrobial agents》2019,53(5):669-673
Objectives
This study reported a hospital outbreak due to an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) OXA-72-producing strain of Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii).Methods and Results
The isolates were found to be genotypically indistinguishable by whole-genome multiple locus sequence typing, and to belong to the international clonal complex CC2. One of these isolates sequentially developed a high resistance to colistin and rifampicin under treatment, as a result of mutations in genes pmrB and rpoB, respectively. The blaOXA-72 gene was localised on a 10-kb transferable plasmid, named pAB-STR-1, whose sequence is nearly identical to that of another plasmid previously found in Lithuanian strains, pAB120.Conclusion
This report highlighted the need to carefully monitor the emergence of colistin and rifampicin resistance in patients treated for infections with multidrug-resistant A. baumannii. 相似文献55.
The effect of 6 MFA (Sixth mycelial fraction of acetone), an interferon inducer obtained from fungus Aspergillus ochraceus, on rifampicin toxicity was studied in rats. Chronic oral administration of rifampicin (1 g/kg per day) for 30 days produced thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anaemia, transient leukopenia and increased nucleated cells in bone marrow and decreased weights of thymus and spleen significantly in male rats. Furthermore, chronic administration of rifampicin induced significant increase in cytochrome P-450 contents, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in liver and bone marrow. Simultaneous administration of 6 MFA (100 mg/kg; i.p.) on alternate days for a period of 30 days prevented most of the adverse effects of rifampicin, mentioned earlier and also restored the hepatic architecture histologically. The LPO, cytochrome P 450 content, lymphocyte and bone marrow cell counts returned to normal level whereas SOD activity was further increased. The 6 MFA treatment enhanced the SRBC antibody litre in rifampicin-treated rats. Thus, beneficial effects of 6 MFA in the amelioration of mediated rifampicin toxicity observed in the present study may be through induction of interferons and their associated effects. 相似文献
56.
57.
丁瑞东 《国际医药卫生导报》2017,23(9)
目的 探究与分析利福平与利福喷汀治疗肺结核的临床效果.方法 选取本院自2014年5月至2016年5月收治的90例肺结核患者,采取随机数字表法分为利福平组与利福喷汀组,各45例,对比两组临床疗效及不良反应.结果 利福平组临床有效率为77.78%,利福喷汀组为88.89%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).利福喷汀组痰涂片转阴率、空洞消失率及病灶吸收率均明显高于利福平组,差异具有统计学意义(均P< 0.05).利福平组不良反应发生率为33.33%,利福喷汀组为11.11%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 相比于利福平,利福喷汀治疗肺结核效果更显著,抗菌活性更强,不良反应更少,安全性更高. 相似文献
58.
目的分析利福霉素钠和利福平在治疗肺结核中的安全性。方法选取2018年8月至2019年9月本院收治的50例肺结核患者为研究对象,采用随机分组法分为两组,每组25例。对照组采取利福平治疗,观察组采取利福霉素钠治疗。比较两组临床效果及不良反应发生率。结果观察组治疗总有效率为96.00%,明显高于对照组的60.00%(P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率为4.00%,明显低于对照组的40.00%(P<0.05);治疗3、6、12、18、24个月,观察组痰菌转阴率均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论利福霉素钠和利福平均可改善肺结核患者病情,但利福霉素钠临床效果更佳,不良反应发生率更低,痰菌转阴率更高,可作为临床治疗首要考虑方案。 相似文献
59.
Takenaga M Ohta Y Tokura Y Hamaguchi A Igarashi R Disratthakit A Doi N 《Drug delivery》2008,15(3):169-175
The study demonstrated that lipid microspheres (LM) containing rifampicin (LM-RFP) could deliver the drug to alveolar macrophages in vitro and in vivo, and that intranasal administration to animals could achieve preferential accumulation in the lungs with less effect on the liver. The LM-RFP particles had a mean diameter of 247.2 ± 75.7 nm, and their size remained stable when stored at 4°C or 25°C for at least 4 weeks. In vitro uptake of [3H]LM-RFP by alveolar macrophages was over 4 times higher than that of unencapsulated [3H]RFP, whereas the in vivo uptake was 30 times higher. Flow cytometric analysis and confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed that LM could deliver the encapsulated drug effectively to alveolar macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Intranasal administration of [3H]LM-RFP to normal mice resulted in preferential pulmonary uptake of the drug and lower levels in the blood and liver compared with administration of unencapsulated [3H]RFP. In conclusion, LM-RFP could be a promising preparation for delivery via the respiratory tract to tuberculosis (TB) and TB/HIV patients. 相似文献
60.
Bao D Truong TT Renick PJ Pulse ME Weiss WJ 《Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis》2008,46(4):723-727
The aim of this study was to develop a specific and sensitive liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) method for the determination of rifampicin and levofloxacin concentrations from infected tissues within teflon catheter segments which were subcutaneously implanted in mice. A solid-phase extraction procedure was used to extract analytes from tissue homogenates of the catheter segments and reverse-phase HPLC combined with positive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was used for analyte separation and quantification. The assay was found to be linear over the concentration range of 0.02-2 microg/g for rifampicin and levofloxacin in tissues and provided good validation data for accuracy and precision. The intra-day accuracy as determined by the relative error was -1.3% for levofloxacin and 6.1% for rifampicin, and precision was evaluated by R.S.D.s with a maximum of 5.1% for levofloxacin and 8.1% for rifampicin. The inter-day accuracy was -3.3% for levofloxacin and -4.6% for rifampicin, and precision was 8.6% for levofloxacin and 7.1% for rifampicin. The assay uses less tissue than previously described methods and can be applied to determine the penetration of rifampicin and the fluoroquinolone in catheter segments from a mouse model of a device-related infection. Finally, the HPLC-MS assay should be applicable to studies of rifamycin+quinolone combination therapies in other animal models of bacterial infection. 相似文献