Stimulus range influences intensity and hedonic ratings of flavour

Five concentrations of an artificial orange drink were presented for sensory evaluation in three overlapping concentration ranges. Three sensory panels, each of 30 subjects, rated the concentrations for intensity of flavour (intensity scale), relation to ideal flavour intensity (ideal-point scale), and pleasantness (hedonic scale). Except for the two extreme concentrations, neither of which was presented in more than one range, in all three response tasks the mean rating for a given concentration varied with the concentration range in which it was presented. However, the mean ratings showed good correspondence across response tasks (e.g. the concentration perceived as "moderately sweet" on the intensity scale was perceived as "just right" on the ideal-point scale and of maximal pleasantness on the hedonic scale), suggesting a link between the intensity and hedonic dimensions of sensory experience.     

Cerebral hemodynamics in patients with moyamoya disease. A study of regional cerebral blood flow by the 133Xe inhalation method

Regional cerebral blood flow was measured by the 133Xe inhalation method in 20 young patients with moyamoya disease and five young healthy volunteers. Most patients showed low values of mean hemispheric blood flow in both hemispheres. Regional cerebral blood flow was at a low value in the upper frontal region and at an almost average value in the posterotemporal and occipital regions, which was different from the "hyperfrontal" pattern in healthy volunteers. Regional cerebral blood flow was reduced evenly by hyperventilation. By 5% CO2 inhalation, regional cerebral blood flow was increased in the temporooccipital regions and was nearly unchanged or decreased in the frontal region.     

构建急性肾损伤患者连续性肾脏替代治疗剂量达成模型

按照课题研究型品管圈活动步骤,针对急性肾损伤患者连续性肾脏替代治疗处方治疗剂量与实际治疗剂量存在较大差异的现状,对剂量管理现状、攻坚点进行分析与发掘,针对性拟定对策并实施,包括建立集束化血管通路管理策略,制定最优滤器管路使用技术方案,构建全流程CRRT智能管理平台。活动开展后,CRRT治疗剂量达成率由78.5%上升至93.5%,治疗时间达成率、平均CRRT治疗日、28 d存活率、出院时透析依赖率等均有不同程度改善,活动效果显著。     

公立医院基层党建考核体系的构建与实践

目的构建“党员—党支部书记—党支部工作”为一体的基层党建考核体系,推动公立医院基层党建质量持续提升。方法党员实施“100分+20分”积分量化考核,党支部书记实施“1+1”述职评议考核,党支部工作实施“532”量化考核,注重三者考核结果运用的深度融合。结果2020年党员积分量化考核中,总分100分以上者占比由2019年54.65%提高至58.31%,党员参与医院发展和干事创业的积极性、主动性不断增强;2020年党支部书记考核成绩由2019年99.07分提高至99.30分,对党支部书记更加满意和信任;2020年党支部工作考核成绩由2019年89.53分提高至94.22分（P＜0.001）,基层党建工作质量明显提升。结论常态化考核促进了基层党建工作更加科学规范,党建与业务工作更加相融相促,推动公立医院高质量发展。     

国内外大学生艾滋病研究热点与前沿趋势

目的 使用文献计量学对国内外大学生艾滋病相关研究进行对比分析,旨在推动未来国内该领域的发展。方法 通过中国知网（CNKI）与Web of Science核心合集检索得1986—2021年国内外大学艾滋病研究的相关文献,借助VOSviewer及R软件对纳入研究的发表时间、作者及单位分布、热点内容与前沿趋势进行剖析。结果 国外相较国内研究起步较早,国内外总体发文量均呈上升趋势,美国占据相关领域英文研究的主导地位。《中国艾滋病性病》（257篇）与J AM COLL HEALTH（46篇）分别是载文最多的中英文杂志,各研究团体间的合作尚不够紧密。中文研究侧重不同教育方式于艾滋病防控的探索,英文研究则更关注于该群体“酒精使用”、“物质滥用”与“心理”等话题,防艾生活技能及暴露前预防（PrEP）等或成为未来研究趋势。结论 刊载大学生艾滋病的期刊类型较多,而高发文量期刊数较少且作者及机构间的合作有待加强,国内应给予该群体物质滥用及心理等方面更多关注,同时今后要加强对艾滋病监测与防艾生活技能方面的训练。     

医患互信研究的国内外动态△

医患双方是医疗活动的主体,而医患之间互相信任是医疗活动的基础。目前,医患矛盾已成为医疗卫生领域突出的社会问题,频发的各类医患不和谐事件,激化社会矛盾的同时,一定程度上也反映出医患互信出现了问题。本文查阅了大量文献,结合医患互信的定义和理论研究,从医患信任衡量测量的方法、医患互信研究的主体切入点、医患互信问题的归因等多个角度,分析医患互信相关的国内外研究理论与现状,以期为进一步研究提供借鉴和参考。     

Rasch Analysis of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scales Administered to Patients With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL 4.0 GCS) in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a rare, severely debilitating, and ultimately fatal neuromuscular disease.MethodsPatients with DMD were recruited from 20 centers across 9 countries as part of the Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group Duchenne Natural History Study (NCT00468832). The psychometric properties of the PedsQL 4.0 GCS were examined using Rasch analysis.ResultsIn total, 329 patients with DMD (mean age 9 years, range 3–18 years, 75% ambulatory) completed the PedsQL 4.0 GCS. The most difficult instrument items, expressing the greatest loss in health-related quality of life, were those associated with emotional well-being (eg, being teased by other children, feeling sad, and not making friends), as opposed to somatic disability (eg, lifting heavy objects, participating in sports, and running). The mean item and person fit residuals were estimated at 0.301 (SD: 1.385) and −0.255 (1.504), respectively. In total, 87% (20 of 23) of items displayed disordered thresholds, and many exhibited nontrivial dependency. The overall item-trait interaction χ² value was 178 (115 degrees of freedom, P<.001). Our analysis also revealed significant issues with differential item functioning, and by investigating residual principal component loadings, the PedsQL 4.0 GCS total score was found to be multidimensional.ConclusionsThe PedsQL 4.0 GCS records information clinically relevant to patients with DMD, but the total scale score may not be fit for purpose as a measure health-related quality of life in this disease population.     

基于CiteSpace的我国出院准备度研究可视化分析

目的分析我国出院准备度的研究现况、热点及前沿,为出院准备相关工作及研究方向提供依据。方法以中国知网（CNKI）为检索源,以“出院准备度”“出院准备”“出院计划”为检索词,检索1982年1月1日—2020年12月31日相关文献,应用CiteSpace V5.6.R5软件进行可视化分析。结果共纳入相关文献820篇。年发文量呈逐年上升趋势。发文机构和作者分布均较为分散,且相互合作不紧密。研究热点有出院计划、影响因素、护理和出院准备服务等,研究前沿为延续护理和脑卒中。结论出院准备度日益受到关注,研究机构、作者间需加强合作,不断拓展研究内容的广度和深度。     

国际同行评议中审稿意见造假现象及相关的学术不端防范

【目的】 提升英文科技期刊在国际同行评议中对于审稿专家审稿意见造假这一学术不端行为的防范意识和能力,进一步完善其对学术不端的防范举措。【方法】 针对英文科技期刊办刊实践中所发现的审稿专家批量捏造或制造审稿意见的现象,探析其外在存续条件与内在动机,阐述这类造假意见的主要表现形式,进而总结出发现和防范此类学术不端审稿专家的有效方式。【结果】 在国际同行评议中,审稿专家审稿意见造假的学术不端情况并非个例,所提出的方式可有效发现和防范此类审稿专家。【结论】 在国际同行评议中,英文科技期刊需要针对审稿专家审稿意见造假的情况,进一步完善学术不端防范措施。     

中国“顶刊热”的冷思考:基于40年研究主题的多层次国际比较研究

【目的】 在全球视野下,从宏观、中观、微观层面分析中国顶刊论文研究主题的特征及趋势。【方法】 基于1980—2020年Nature和Science期刊上的研究型论文,利用对比分析法,从时间维度对我国顶刊论文不同层级的研究主题展开国际比较研究。【结果】 中国顶刊论文学科结构沿着与全球趋同的方向演进;中国顶刊论文覆盖的研究领域较少,一些增长型和衰减型研究领域呈现追随全球的显著趋势;中国顶刊论文研究主题多为追随型,起步晚、时滞长。【结论】 高水平研究的发展,不仅需要科研人员更加注重论文的内在质量,科技期刊也应充分发挥“把关人”作用,机构与国家应健全科研评价体系,为推动我国高水平研究提供良好的发展氛围与制度保障。