Research priorities to increase vaccination coverage in Europe (EU joint action on vaccination)

BackgroundDeciding how best to invest in healthcare is never an easy task and prioritization is therefore an area of great interest for policymakers. Too low public vaccine confidence, which results in insufficient vaccine uptake, remains an area of concern for EU policy-makers. Within the European Joint action on vaccination, a work-package dedicated to research aims to define tools and methods for priority‐setting in the field of vaccination research. We therefore propose a prioritization framework to identify research priorities towards generating and synthesizing evidence to support policies and strategies aiming at increasing vaccine coverage.Materials/methodsWe used a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) method inspired by the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative developed by Rudan et al. This quantitative methodology follows a series of steps involving different groups of experts and relevant stakeholders. The first step consists in identifying key research questions through a broad consultation. In parallel, a first group of experts is tasked to select criteria for prioritization of research questions, taking into consideration the ultimate goal of the exercise. Another group of experts is then requested to assess a weight to each of the criteria, using pair-wise comparisons. The final step consists in gathering experts who will assess each research question against the weighted criteria. This evaluation leads to assigning a score to each individual research question, which can then be ranked in order of priority.ResultsWe focused our work on four pre-selected pilot vaccines (pertussis, measles containing combination vaccines, influenza and HPV). The consultation generated 124 questions, which were secondarily sorted and re-worded to obtain 27 questions to be ranked. Criteria for setting priorities were the following: accessibility, answerability, deliverability, disease prevalence/incidence, effectiveness, equity, generalization, and territory. During a final face-to-face meeting international experts ranked the 27 questions and agreed on a consensual list of six top-priorities.ConclusionsWe have developed a transparent, evidence-based rigorous framework to defined key research questions to generate evidence towards the design of policies and strategies to increase vaccine coverage. Results were disseminated broadly and submitted to the EC for potential funding in the context of The Horizon Europe Program. The same process will be conducted in 2021 to identify vaccination research priorities regarding all vaccines used in the EU as well as COVID-19 vaccines.     

可穿戴设备在慢性非传染性疾病中的研究进展

慢性非传染性疾病主要会造成对心、脑、肺等重要器官的损害,其中心脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤、糖尿病等慢性疾病已成为目前导致患者死亡的主要因素,防控形势严峻。随着科学技术的发展与实践应用,可穿戴设备在医疗监测领域的探索取得了重要进展。该研究着重介绍可穿戴设备在几种常见慢性非传染性疾病中的最新研究进展,展望可穿戴设备在慢性非传染性疾病领域的应用前景与挑战。     

乳腺肿瘤的影像学诊断进展

乳腺肿瘤属女性的常见病之一,且乳腺恶性肿瘤患者的病死率较高。随着医疗技术水平的不断提升,超声、X线等影像学技术已被广泛应用于乳腺肿瘤的诊断中,尤其是MRI、核医学等新技术在乳腺肿瘤的早期诊断中具有较好的应用效果。该研究对乳腺肿瘤的影像学诊断进展进行综述。     

重症肺炎机械通气患者早期肺功能康复研究进展

重症肺炎好发于中老年群体,发病机制为人体发生病原体感染所致的毒血症、血液循环障碍,临床症状包括体温升高、咳嗽、咳痰、血压低、休克等。随着病情继续发展,易导致患者呼吸衰竭,危及生命。所以当前临床主张采用机械通气法干预重症肺炎相关症状,促使患者可正常通气,呼吸疲劳得以较快改善,肺功能逐渐恢复,进一步提升患者疾病预后疗效。机械通气又称辅助通气,是采用机械手段来帮助或代替自主呼吸,近年来应用于重症患者,效果较为理想。本文检索了多名学者关于重症肺炎患者机械通气治疗期间的早期肺功能康复情况研究文章,对于早期肺功能康复疗法的相关内容进行了综述,希望可以为后续更多接受机械通气治疗的重症肺炎患者提供早期肺功能康复干预的方法指导。     

基于CiteSpace的我国基层医疗卫生机构研究前沿与热点的可视化分析

目的 整理分析我国近20年来基层医疗卫生机构研究的发文趋势、发文机构及热点和前沿情况,为国内基层医疗卫生机构未来的研究提供参考建议。方法 以CNKI和Web Of Science上刊载的基层医疗卫生机构主题相关核心期刊文献作为数据来源,并运用CiteSpace可视化软件进行文献计量分析。 结果 国内和国际期刊上的发文量趋势不同,近20年来中文发文量显示第二阶段（2010—2016年）处于活跃阶段,第三阶段（2017年至今）发文量逐年下降;研究机构主要集中于高校,各核心研究机构群体间的合作较少;国内期刊研究热点以基层医疗卫生机构的制度、基本公共卫生服务、基层卫生人力三方面为主,国际期刊关注相关疾病的防治研究;研究前沿主要是政策性研究,缺乏预见性,存在时间滞后性。 结论 当前我国基层医疗卫生机构尚存短板,但近年来对该领域的研究发文量却逐年下降,应该加强研究机构间的协同合作,增强国际影响力,突破政策性研究,进行创新性研究,解决基层医疗卫生机构现存问题。     

生命伦理学研究在21世纪医学和社会可持续发展中的作用

简述了生命伦理研究的四个阶段,提出了２１世纪我国生命伦理学研究的重点应是：卫生保健服务的公平性。结合我国现有卫生资源现状,所能提供的卫生服务状况以及人群卫生需求问题,浅析了中国的卫生资源及需求现状,论述了生命伦理学研究在２１世纪医学和社会可持续发展中的作用。     

胸腺细胞凋亡的研究进展

就目前在胸腺细胞凋亡这一方面的国内外研究进展作一简要综述。     

《新雕孙真人千金方》考略

《新雕孙真人千金方》是现今尚存于世的《千金方》古本之一。其篇目结构,文字内容,较诸宋本有较大的不同,更为接近孙氏原著的旧貌,具有较高的文献价值和学术价值。本文着重就其流传概况、版本特点以及刊行年代等进行了探讨。