产后抑郁的研究现状及其社会心理影响因素

文章综述了精神科及妇产科医生在评估、诊断产后抑郁的不同之处，并介绍了近几年产后抑郁与心理社会因素关系的研究进展。     

物质成瘾Stroop效应研究进展

物质成瘾Stroop任务是考察物质成瘾者对成瘾相关刺激产生注意偏向的一种研究范式。研究者们采用多种实验任务和研究方法,对物质成瘾Stroop干扰产生的心理机制进行了考察,并提出了几种理论解释,但目前这些理论解释之间还存在一定的分歧。最后,本文提出了未来研究的一些建议。     

Comparison of Discrete Cardiovascular Fitness Groups on Plasma Catecholamine and Selected Behavioral Responses to Psychological Stress

Discrete cardiovascular fitness groups consisting of high-fit (n=10) and low-fit (n=9) men performed a well-learned vigilance task and their self-report, performance, and plasma catecholamine responses were compared. No significant differences were observed between the fitness groups on self-report or psychomotor performance responses to the vigilance task. However, the low-fit group took significantly longer than high-fit subjects to complete the first of three sets of anagrams administered immediately after the vigilance task. Plasma norepinephrine but not epinephrine response was greater in the low-fit group compared to their high-fit counterparts. The findings indicate that enhanced cardiovascular fitness may be characterized by an attenuated plasma norepinephrine response to a vigilance task with sustained cognitive performance subsequent to the task.     

Sequential psychological testing during the course of autoimmune hyperthyroidism

Summary Although the psychological disturbances accompanying Graves' disease are well known, the time required for normalisation of these disturbances during antithyroid drug treatment is not known. Therefore sequential psychological testing during the course of Graves' disease was done. There are also contradictory results concerning the possible correlation of neurophysiological and psychological test results during the course of Graves' disease with thyroid hormone values. Finally, psychological disturbances have been proposed as possible etiologic factors in Graves' disease.In our study, a significant decrease in anxiety and irritability could be observed at the time euthyroidism was achieved. Self-evaluations of depressivity, activity, exhaustion, well-being, extraversion, introversion, and the ability to concentrate changed 1 or 2 months after euthyroidism was induced. Similar test results could be observed after induction of euthyroidism by antithyroid drugs and subtotal thyroid resection. Therefore the mode of therapy does not seem to influence the course of normalisation of psychological parameters.In contrast to other investigations there was hardly any correlation between thyroid hormone values and psychological test results or the ability to concentrate. Nontheless, patients with Graves' disease showing high scores for depression and anxiety exhibit abnormal peripheral helper/suppressor T-lymphocyte relations. Furthermore, patients suffering from Graves' disease tend to be more anxious than controls. It remains to be determined whether an increased susceptibility to psychological disturbances has led to these alterations of lymphocyte subsets in Graves' disease patients with severe depression and anxiety.Supported by SFB 258     

美、德、比利时的军官心理选拔

文章以美国、德国和比利时军官心理选拔的研究现状为切入点，详细介绍了这三个国家军官心理选拔的历史背景、方法、工具、内容、标准以及策略，旨在为未来国内的相关研究提供参考。     

择期性腹内手术病人的应激反应与心理准备的研究Ⅲ．心理准备对病人术后身体恢复的影响

本文报告了一种以收看录像为主的心理准备方法对剖腹手术病人术后身体恢复的影响。心理准备组的病人显示了较高的合作程度，术后麻醉药用量较少，开始正常身体活动的时间提早，揭示身体恢复较快，在术后拔除胃管、拆线时间、术后住院天数以及并发症的测量中，心理准备组同对照间无显著差别。     

精神科青年护士心理健康状况调查

目的探讨精神科青年护士的心理健康状况。方法采用症状自评量袁对67名精神科青年护士进行调查并与中国青年常模对比分析。结果精神科青年护士的焦虑、抑郁、强迫、人际关系敏感因子分均显著高于中国青年常摸，阳性因子分≥2的捡出率最高为焦虑症状，≥3捡出率最高为强迫症状。结论精神科部分青年护士存在不同程度的心理问题，需采取相应的心理干预措施。     

Packing and Uniaxial Alignment of Liquid Crystalline Oligofluorenes

Summary: Liquid crystalline oligomers of 9,9‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)fluorene of defined degree of polymerization 4, 5, 6, and 7 were investigated by X‐ray diffraction in the non‐oriented and in the aligned state. The diffraction data give evidence for a smectic B type phase for all of the oligomers. Quenching below the glass transition does not change the structure of the liquid crystalline phase. This allows to align spin‐coated films of these oligomers on rubbed polyimide substrates to give monodomain films. These are stable against thermal disordering below T_g, e.g. at room temperature. The degree of alignment is characterized by the dichroic spectra and polarized fluorescence spectra. Dichroic ratios and polarization ratios increase substantially with the chain length and values as high as D = 23 and P = 41 are obtained for the heptamer. The type of packing of the oligomers in the LC phase is discussed based on the X‐ray single crystal structure of models. In one such model the packing of the 2‐ethylhexyl side chains could be fully resolved, while the other model reveals the torsional angle between adjacent fluorene units in the same molecule as 144.2° which corroborates earlier work based on fiber diffraction of corresponding polyfluorenes.

     

心理分析法治疗强迫症31例疗效观察

目的 探讨心理分析法在强迫症治疗中的作用及疗效.方法 应用心理分析法对我院2000年10月~2006年10月间门诊并符合CCMD-3诊断标准的31例强迫症(OCD)患者进行心理分析治疗,采用Yale-Brown强迫量表(Y-BOCS)于疗前、疗后各评定1次,通过其减分率评定临床疗效.结果 31例患者中痊愈8例,显效11例,有效6例,无效6倒,取得良好效果.结论 心理分析法治疗强迫症有较好的疗效.     

Bell s面瘫对患者的心理影响及其心理健康状况

目的探讨Bell's面瘫对首次发病患者形象、情绪、日常生活及社会活动的影响及发病早期患者的心理健康状况。方法采用自编面瘫对患者形象、情绪及社会活动影响的调查问卷及症状自评量表(SCL-90),对63例首次发病的Bell's面瘫患者进行调查。统计分析采用t检验及相关分析。结果Bell's面瘫对首次发病患者形象、情绪、日常生活及社会活动均有明显影响。Bell's面瘫患者SCL-90的躯体化、强迫、人际关系敏感、焦虑、抑郁、敌对、恐怖、精神病性因子分均高于全国成人常模,其SCL-90总分与自编面瘫影响问卷各条目得分均存在统计学相关关系。结论Bell's面瘫给首次发病患者带来不良心理影响,他们存在广泛的心身症状,这些不良影响与其心身症状有关。