中职生人际信任、社交焦虑现状及其关系

目的探讨中职生人际信任与社交焦虑现状及其关系。方法用人际信任量表(ITS)和社交焦虑量表(IAS)调查了南京江宁中等专业学校392名中职生。结果中职生的社交焦虑得分为(43.52±8.40),高于常模,总体上较为严重;人际信任得分(80.79±8.28),中等偏上。其中中二年级的人际信任水平最高;中一年级的社交焦虑显著高于其他年级,中职女生、非班干部的社交焦虑情况相对严重。结论提高人际信任水平有助于缓解社交焦虑,而降低社交焦虑也能提高人际信任水平。     

大学生防御机制及人际信任的相关研究

目的 探讨防御机制与人际信任的特点及关系,为维护大学生的心理健康提供参考.方法 采用人际信任量表(ITS)与防御方式问卷(DSQ)对581名大学生进行调查分析.结果 大学生四种心理防御机制对人际信任有显著的负相关(P＜0.01)；4种心理防御机制均进入回归方程,共解释人际信任10.6％的变异,成熟、中间和掩饰防御机制对人际信任的回归系数有显著统计学意义,不成熟心理防御机制对人际信任的回归系数无统计学意义.结论 大学生的心理防御机制对人际信任水平有显著的负向预测作用.     

高职生久坐行为测量及其与抑郁水平关系

目的:高职生过长的久坐行为如电脑前看视频、玩游戏、坐着玩手机等已经成为高校学生工作不可忽视的课题。较可靠的测量工具是评估久坐行为水平及其对健康的危害的前提。方法:本研究主要采用开放式问卷测量、结构式问卷调查以及数据处理与分析等方法,初步考察了某一高职院校学生久坐行为自编问卷的信效度及其与抑郁及各因子的关联性。结果:开放式调查、久坐行为自编问卷与国际体力活动问卷久坐行为条目所测的平均时间分别为412.58分钟/天、549.92分钟/天和466.99分钟/天;同时,久坐行为与抑郁量表人际因子的简单相关系数有统计学意义(r=0.306,P0.05)。结论:高职生久坐行为自编问卷具有较好的可靠性,他们的久坐行为时间普遍过长并且提示久坐行为与抑郁水平存在一定的关联。     

探究大学生心理健康与人际交往及学习状况间关系

目的:分析大学生心理健康现状,探讨人际交往、学习状况与心理健康之间的关系.方法:对安徽省3所医学类高校在校大学生进行调查,采用"精神症状自评量表(SCL-90)、大学生人际关系综合诊断量表和一般情况调查问卷"对992名大学生的心理健康状况、人际交往和学习状况等方面进行调查分析.结果:当前高校大学生心理健康水平低于全国常模,各因子的得分高于常模(P=0.000),人际交往能力差异和不同学习状况对所持有的心理健康有一定影响.结论:当代大学生心理健康状况需要关注,且心理健康状况与人际交往、学习状况之间有着密切的联系.     

The relationship between interpersonal problems,negative cognitions,and outcomes from cognitive behavioral group therapy for depression

Background

Interpersonal functioning is a key determinant of psychological well-being, and interpersonal problems (IPs) are common among individuals with psychiatric disorders. However, IPs are rarely formally assessed in clinical practice or within cognitive behavior therapy research trials as predictors of treatment attrition and outcome. The main aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between IPs, depressogenic cognitions, and treatment outcome in a large clinical sample receiving cognitive behavioral group therapy (CBGT) for depression in a community clinic.

Methods

Patients (N=144) referred for treatment completed measures of IPs, negative cognitions, depression symptoms, and quality of life (QoL) before and at the completion of a 12-week manualized CBGT protocol.

Results

Two IPs at pre-treatment, ‘finding it hard to be supportive of others’ and ‘not being open about problems,’ were associated with higher attrition. Pre-treatment IPs also predicted higher post-treatment depression symptoms (but not QoL) after controlling for pre-treatment symptoms, negative cognitions, demographics, and comorbidity. In particular, ‘difficulty being assertive’ and a ‘tendency to subjugate one's needs' were associated with higher post-treatment depression symptoms. Changes in IPs did not predict post-treatment depression symptoms or QoL when controlling for changes in negative cognitions, pre-treatment symptoms, demographics, and comorbidity. In contrast, changes in negative cognitions predicted both post-treatment depression and QoL, even after controlling for changes in IPs and the other covariates.

Limitations

Correlational design, potential attrition bias, generalizability to other disorders and treatments needs to be evaluated.

Conclusions

Pre-treatment IPs may increase risk of dropout and predict poorer outcomes, but changes in negative cognitions during treatment were most strongly associated with improvement in symptoms and QoL during CBGT.     

Mechanisms of change in interpersonal therapy (IPT)

Although interpersonal therapy (IPT) has demonstrated efficacy for mood and other disorders, little is known about how IPT works. We present interpersonal change mechanisms that we hypothesize account for symptom change in IPT. Integrating relational theory and insights based on research findings regarding stress, social support, and illness, IPT highlights contextual factors thought to precipitate and maintain psychiatric disorders. It frames therapy around a central interpersonal problem in the patient's life, a current crisis or relational predicament that is disrupting social support and increasing interpersonal stress. By mobilizing and working collaboratively with the patient to resolve this problem, IPT seeks to activate several interpersonal change mechanisms. These include: 1) enhancing social support, 2) decreasing interpersonal stress, 3) facilitating emotional processing, and 4) improving interpersonal skills. We hope that articulating these mechanisms will help therapists to formulate cases and better maintain focus within an IPT framework. Here we propose interpersonal mechanisms that might explain how IPT's interpersonal focus leads to symptom change. Future work needs to specify and test candidate mediators in clinical trials. We anticipate that pursuing this more systematic strategy will lead to important refinements and improvements in IPT and enhance its application in a range of clinical populations.