盆底肌肉生物反馈康复锻炼方案在不同类型压力性尿失禁患者中的应用价值

[目的] 探讨盆底肌肉生物反馈康复锻炼方案在不同类型压力性尿失禁(Stress urinary incontinence,SUI)患者中的应用价值.[方法] 选择2013年1月至2016年1月在本院收治的SUI患者146例,按照不同类型分为围绝经期SUI(围绝经期组)和产后SUI(产后组),每组73例,均采用盆底肌肉生物反馈康复锻炼治疗8周,比较两组治疗前后盆底肌力、1 h尿垫实验结果、总体疗效、国际尿失禁咨询委员会尿失禁问卷表简表(ICI-Q-SF)评分、盆底障碍影响简易问卷7(PFIQ-7)评分及依从性.[结果] 治疗后两组患者的盆底肌力、1 h尿垫实验结果、总体疗效、ICI-Q-SF评分、PFIQ-7评分与治疗前比较均有显著改善,且产后组患者改善的幅度较大;两组患者在合理用药、定期复查、合理饮食等五项医生要求的项目上依从性情况较好,但产后组患者的依从性情况更好(P<0.05).[结论] 盆底肌肉生物反馈康复锻炼法有助于SUI盆底肌力的恢复,依从性较好,相对围绝经期SUI,产后SUI效果更好,值得在临床推广应用.     

Mejor calidad de vida y menor incontinencia fecal en pacientes con cáncer de recto con la estrategia de seguimiento watch and wait

IntroductionThe watch-and-wait (WW) strategy is an alternative to anterior resection in patients with rectal cancer (RC) that have had a complete clinical response to neoadjuvant treatment. Few reports describe the quality of life and functional anorectal disorders (FADs) in that population.AimTo analyze and compare the FADs and quality of life in patients with locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the rectum treated with neoadjuvant therapy, divided into two different strategy groups: group 1 (G1), WW; and group 2 (G2), anterior resection.Materials and methodsThirty patients (G1: n = 20 and G2: n = 10) that had finished neoadjuvant therapy at least 12 months prior were included. Mean patient age was 59.5 years (range: 41-79) and 15 of the patients were men. The FADs were evaluated through: a) clinical history, b) 21-day bowel diary, c) Jorge and Wexner fecal incontinence scale, d) anorectal manometry (ARM), and fecal incontinence quality of life scale (FIQL).ResultsBowel diary: fecal incontinence (40%) and urge to defecate (45%) in G1 vs. fecal incontinence (60%) and urge to defecate (30%) in G2, with no significant differences (p = NS). Fecal incontinence scale: fecal incontinence in G1 was significantly less severe than that in G2 (median 6.5 points vs. 13 points [p = 0.0142]). ARM: no differences between the two groups. Quality of life: significantly different between the two groups (FIQL/G1: 3.7 vs. FIQL/G2: 2.8; p < 0.03).ConclusionsThe WW follow-up strategy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer was associated with better quality of life and reduced fecal incontinence.     

柱状缝合联合肛周肌肉重建术治疗直肠完全脱垂

目的探讨柱状缝合联合肛周肌肉重建术治疗直肠完全脱垂的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析采用柱状缝合联合肛周肌肉重建术治疗直肠完全脱垂患者的临床资料。结果该术式可以显著提高肛管直肠内压力,明显改善患者的便秘,一定程度上缓解大便失禁。除此之外,术后并发症较少且并不严重,复发率15%。结论柱状缝合联合肛周肌肉重建术是治疗直肠完全脱垂的一种有效的手术方法,尤其适合年老体弱者。     

Evaluation of vector manometry for characterization of functional outcome after restorative proctocolectomy

AIM: The impact of 3-dimensional vector manometry (VM) for characterization of the functional outcome of restorative proctocolectomy (RP) was studied in 61 patients at a median of 86 months after RP for ulcerative colitis. METHODS: A 14-day continence diary was utilized to quantify continence, urgency, and the frequency of defecation. The clinical outcome data were correlated to the physiology parameters of VM and volumetry. RESULTS: VM parameters at rest correlated with postoperative continence but not substantially with stool frequency and urgency. High radial asymmetry was significantly correlated with the degree of incontinence (r = 0.333, p = 0.013). Resting pressures demonstrated a better correlation with the degree of incontinence when documented for the high-pressure zone (HPZ; portion of the sphincter with at least 50% of the maximum pressure; r = 0.301, p = 0.025) and when performed in the continuous pull-through technique. Stool frequency and urgency were better characterized by volumetry parameters like threshold volumes and pouch compliance. The specificity and sensitivity of the vector volume at rest of the HPZ for the prediction of incontinence was 63.6% and 59.1%, respectively. The corresponding values were 67% and 68%, respectively, for radial asymmetry at rest. Stool frequency and urgency were better characterized by volumetry parameters like threshold volumes and pouch compliance. CONCLUSION: A strong anal sphincter at rest and a consistent radial distribution of the sphincter pressure are the most reliable indicators of continence after RP obtained by VM, but their clinical usefulness is limited.     

Assessment of quality of life in the treatment of patients with neuropathic fecal incontinence

INTRODUCTION: Development of quality-of-life measures has been the focus of research in colorectal disorders in recent years. The assessment of quality of life for fecal incontinence should be more important than quantitative measurement of soiling. PURPOSE: This study assesses specific patient quality-of-life objectives, categorizes objectives, and correlates these objectives with continence scores. METHODS: One hundred eighteen patients entered into a randomized, controlled trial of biofeedback were assessed using the Direct Questioning of Objectives quality-of-life measure. All objectives were documented, categorized, and correlated with continence scores and analog scales. RESULTS: In patients with neuropathic fecal incontinence, the most frequent quality-of-life group concerned the ability to get out of home, to socialize outside of home, to go shopping, and not to have to worry about the location of the nearest toilet while out of home (34 percent; 123/364). At least one of these four objectives was stated by 72 percent of patients (85/118). Only 31 percent of patients (37/118) nominated an objective related to the physical act of soiling. The ability to travel (29 percent), exercise including walking (25 percent), perform home duties (19 percent), family and relationships (22 percent), and job (13 percent) were less frequently cited by patients. CONCLUSION: Continence scores focus heavily on the physical aspects of incontinence such as soiling and hygiene, aspects which seem to be less important to the patients themselves. It is important, therefore, that assessments of fecal incontinence should include reference to quality of life, and in particular to its impact on activities relating to getting out of the house.     

Is rectal intussusception a cause of idiopathic incontinence?

PURPOSE: The cause of rectal intussusception in patients primarily dominated by symptoms of anal incontinence has not been fully elucidated, especially for patients with idiopathic incontinence. METHODS: Between 1991 and 1996, 51 patients referred with a diagnosis of idiopathic incontinence were prospectively evaluated by standard questionnaire, clinical examination, defecography, and anal manometry. Fourteen female patients were identified with rectal intussusception and were treated by transabdominal rectopexy. Postoperatively, clinical assessment and anal manometry were performed at regular intervals. RESULTS: Continence was improved after rectopexy (P<0.01). The postoperative increases in the anal resting pressure, maximum squeeze pressure, and maximum tolerated volume were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Rectopexy improved anal incontinence in patients with rectal intussusception. The cause of rectal intussusception in anal incontinence could not be explained by functional improvement of the internal anal sphincter tone or an increase in the maximum tolerated volume. Rectal intussusception may be a cause of idiopathic incontinence in patients; however, larger prospective studies are required to support this concept.     

女性压力性尿失禁的中西医治疗进展

压力性尿失禁(SUI)是中老年女性的常见病,随着生活水平的提高,人们越来越重视生活质量,SUI无疑成为提高生活质量的绊脚石。由于文化教育和经济等原因,患者对此病羞于启齿导致疾病无法及时有效的治疗,随着对该病认识的深入,诊断和治疗效果大步提升。虽然治疗该疾病的方法很多,但各有其优缺点及适应证。该文综述了近年来有关女性SUI的中西医治疗进展。     

Management of mesh complications and vaginal constriction: a urogynecology perspective

Once thought of as a long-term solution to pelvic organ prolapse, currently synthetic mesh augmentation is regarded as a dark area that is being critically assessed by surgeons, hospitals, industry, and most importantly the Food and Drug Administration. The development of midurethral sling kits has revolutionized the surgical treatment of stress incontinence. These systems, however, were not rigorously tested but instead marketed after being cleared by the Food and Drug Administration through a simple regulatory process using a previously approved predescent material. This article reviews the management of mesh complications of synthetic slings and mesh used to augment prolapse repair.     

Investigating the release of inflammatory cytokines in a human model of incontinence-associated dermatitis

Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) is a painful complication in elderly patients, leading to reduced quality of life. Despite recent attention, its underlying inflammatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study was designed to quantify the release of inflammatory cytokines in a human model of IAD. The left volar forearm of ten healthy volunteers was exposed to synthetic urine and synthetic faeces for 2 h, simulating the effects of urinary and faecal incontinence, respectively, and the subsequent cytokine response compared to that of an untreated control site. Inflammatory cytokines were collected using both the Sebutape® absorption method and dermal microdialysis and quantified using immunoassays. Results from the former demonstrated an upregulation in IL-1α, IL-1RA and TNF-α. Synthetic urine caused a higher median increase in IL-1α from baseline compared to synthetic faeces, whereas synthetic faeces were associated with significantly higher median TNF-α levels compared to synthetic urine (p = 0.01). An increase in IL-1α/IL-1RA ratio was also observed with significant differences evident following exposure to synthetic urine (p = 0.047). Additionally, microdialysis revealed a time-dependent increase in IL-1β and IL-8 following exposure of up to 120 min to synthetic urine and synthetic faeces, respectively. This study demonstrated the suitability of both sampling approaches to recover quantifiable cytokine levels in biofluids for the assessment of skin status following exposure to synthetic fluids associated with incontinence. Findings suggest some differences in the inflammatory mechanisms of IAD, depending on moisture source, and the potential of the cytokines, IL-1α and TNF-α, as responsive markers of early skin damage caused by incontinence.