Protective effects of Eugenia jambolana extract versus N‐acetyl cysteine against cisplatin‐induced damage in rat testis

To assess the protective effects of Eugenia jambolana extract (EJE) or N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC) on testis, cisplatin (CIS, 5 mg kg^?1 bw, single dose) was administered either alone or along with EJE (25 mg kg^?1 bw, alternate day) or NAC (150 mg kg^?1 bw, Day 1 and 4) for 7 days. Significant alterations in serum LH, FSH and testosterone were observed in CIS group which were effectively modulated by EJE or NAC supplementation. Upregulation of 3β‐HSD gene indicated the rise in functional Leydig cells. This was further confirmed from the identical improvement in hCG‐stimulated testosterone production in isolated Leydig cells. Reduction in oxidative stress was associated with restoration of total antioxidant capacity and glutathione levels, and activation of antioxidant enzymes, SOD, catalase, glutathione s‐transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR). CIS‐induced apoptosis of germ and Leydig cells was contained by both NAC and EJE intervention by effective modulation of apoptotic markers in the extrinsic, intrinsic and other pathways of metazoan apoptosis. Taken together, the study findings establish the potential of EJE as a therapeutically better antioxidant than NAC for use in curtailing the adverse effects of anticancer drugs on testicular function.     

中医护理干预对体外受精-胚胎移植患者心理状况和临床结局的影响

目的探讨中医护理干预对体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)患者心理状况和临床结局的影响。方法将80例接受IVF-ET患者按随机数字表法分为对照组和干预组各40例。对照组按照IVF-ET护理常规进行护理,内容包括IVF-ET治疗周期的心理护理、相关知识宣教、各项常规护理等;干预组在对照组基础上根据IVF-ET治疗不同阶段施以中医护理干预,包括情志调适、耳穴贴疗、中药口服、中医药膳。于移植后期采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对两组进行测评,观察比较两组心理状况及临床结局。结果干预组患者心理状况优于对照组,胚胎种植率、临床妊娠率显著高于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论中医护理干预可有效改善IVF-ET治疗患者的心理状况,提高胚胎种植率和临床妊娠率。     

合理情绪疗法对骨性Ⅲ类错颌畸形患者术前心理状况的影响

目的探讨合理情绪疗法对骨性Ⅲ类错颌畸形患者术前心理状况的影响。方法将40例骨性Ⅲ类错颌畸形患者随机分为观察组和对照组各20例。对照组给予口腔科术前常规护理,实验组在此基础上应用合理情绪疗法进行心理干预,分为心理诊断阶段、领悟阶段、修通阶段、再教育阶段4个阶段采取相应的干预措施。干预前和干预后即刻采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)进行评估。结果干预后观察组SCL-90改善幅度显著优于对照组,HAMA评分显著低于对照组(均P0.05)。结论合理情绪疗法能够明显改善骨性Ⅲ类错颌畸形患者术前焦虑程度,让患者更积极参与治疗。     

Stent thrombosis with drug-eluting stents: a re-examination of the evidence.

The excitement of drug-eluting stents and their promise for reduced restenosis rates have been tempered by recent reports of stent thrombosis. The mechanism of stent thrombosis is multifactorial but appears to be related to delayed endothelialization and healing, late stent malapposition, and antiplatelet resistance. The most important risk factor appears to be the discontinuation of dual antiplatelet therapy. The data from clinical trials suggest that drug-eluting stents are associated with increased incidence of death or myocardial infarction compared with bare metal stents at long-term follow-up, suggesting that the window of thrombotic risk with drug-eluting stents may extend far beyond that for bare metal stents. Measures to possibly decrease the incidence of stent thrombosis include improvements in antiplatelet regimens and newer generation of drug-eluting stents which have biodegradable polymers or are polymer-free. In addition, percutaneous coronary intervention with bare metal stents in patients may be helpful in those known to be intolerant or noncompliant to antiplatelet therapy, have planned procedures or surgeries, or have overwhelming risks which may require discontinuation of dual antiplatelet therapy.     

Long Term Effect of Intensive Lifestyle Intervention on Cerebral Blood Flow

Objectives

To determine whether long‐term behavioral intervention targeting weight loss through increased physical activity and reduced caloric intake would alter cerebral blood flow (CBF ) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Design

Postrandomization assessment of CBF.

Setting

Action for Health in Diabetes multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial.

Participants

Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were overweight or obese and aged 45 to 76 (N = 310).

Interventions

A multidomain intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI ) to induce weight loss and increase physical activity for 8 to 11 years or diabetes support and education (DSE ), a control condition.

Measurements

Participants underwent cognitive assessment and standardized brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI ) (3.0 Tesla) to assess CBF an average of 10.4 years after randomization.

Results

Weight changes from baseline to time of MRI averaged ?6.2% for ILI and ?2.8% for DSE (P < .001), and increases in self‐reported moderate or intense physical activity averaged 444.3 kcal/wk for ILI and 114.8 kcal/wk for DSE (P = .03). Overall mean CBF was 6% greater for ILI than DSE (P = .04), with the largest mean differences between ILI and DSE in the limbic region (3.39 mL /100 g per minute, 95% confidence interval (CI ) = 0.07–6.70 mL /100 g per minute) and occipital lobes (3.52 mL /100 g per minute, 95% CI = 0.20–6.84 mL /100 g per minute). In ILI , greater CBF was associated with greater decreases in weight and greater increases in physical activity. The relationship between CBF and scores on a composite measure of cognitive function varied between intervention groups (P = .02).

Conclusions

Long‐term weight loss intervention in overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with greater CBF .