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31.
目的:对两个受灾严重程度不同地区青少年遭受的创伤暴露情况以及创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)症状进行调查,探讨影响灾后青少年PTSD症状的因素。方法:采用《儿童事件冲击量表》和自编背景资料对极重灾区四川绵竹和重灾区陕西宝鸡地区共1267名中小学生进行测查。结果:四川绵竹的青少年遭受的创伤暴露严重程度显著高于陕西宝鸡地区,但在PTSD症状严重程度(t=0.181,df=1265,P=0.857)上差异并不显著,只在PTSD症状检出率(χ2=8.766,df=1,P=0.003)上差异显著,绵竹地区的PTSD症状检出率显著高于宝鸡地区。结论:极重灾区PTSD的检出率更高。性别、年龄、被困、亲友受伤和目睹死亡是PTSD症状的有力预测因素。  相似文献   
32.
目的对汶川抗震救灾部队军人心理健康状态进行调查评估。方法采用"便携式数字化心理健康筛查测评仪"对参加抗震救灾的解放军某部58名官兵进行心理测评和调查。结果抗震救灾一线官兵的健康综合指数平均分为2.38,接近于警戒水平。其中生活习惯、睡眠、疼痛感等方面是存在的主要问题,其中20~30岁战士综合健康指数明显增高,健康水平差,心理负担较重,尤其表现在抑郁、压力和疲劳方面,而26~30岁的战士在情绪、压力、适应能力方面表现最差。随着年龄的增加,该部队军人的健康水平逐渐变差。结论便携式数字化心理健康筛查测评仪可以全面系统地反映官兵的心理情况。抗震救灾一线官兵的健康综合状况接近于警戒水平。  相似文献   
33.
Reports have described how psychiatric patients respond to disasters. However, previous reports on the response depending on diagnostic categories have provided no clear consensus. Here we analyzed response to the Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2011, among psychiatric patients in light of severity of pre-existing psychiatric illness. We studied psychiatric change among a population of psychiatric outpatients in Tochigi prefecture, located ∼160 km (∼100 miles) southeast of the Fukushima nuclear power plant, in an area that suffered moderate damage from the earthquake and radiation. A total of 294 psychiatric outpatients was assessed using the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF-F). A change of ≥10 points in the GAF-F score was counted as a change in symptoms. The data were stratified by disease category, gender, and GAF-F score and analyzed using the Fisher's exact test. In the 2 months after the earthquake, 5.4% of patients showed evidence of a change in symptoms, with 4.1% worsening and 1.4% improving. Compared with patients having a GAF-F score ≤50, significantly more patients with a score >50 showed evidence of worsening symptoms. No significant difference was found with respect to gender or diagnostic category for patients with worsened or improved symptoms. Our findings reveal that a relatively small percent of patients with pre-existing psychiatric diseases showed evidence of a change in symptoms and that patients with mild-to-moderate psychiatric illness are potentially vulnerable to the impacts of a natural disaster.  相似文献   
34.
阿尔及利亚地震灾后中国危重伤员远程空中转运   总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17  
目的 总结紧急远程航空医疗运送的经验,分析影响空运的多种因素。方法 通过2003年5月阿尔及利亚地震灾后,中方5名危重伤员的航空转运的实践,就转运计划、医务人员和医疗设备的配置、空中监护、心理干预等对远程航空医疗运送的作用和影响进行分析和总结。结果 5名危重伤员均安全转运至目的地。结论 制订周密的转运计划和进行细致的安排是成功转运的重要条件;灾害伤员的心理干预对安全转运有着特殊意义。  相似文献   
35.
目的:观察地震伤挤压综合征致急性肾功能衰竭患者早期连续血液净化的疗效。方法:10例地震伤后挤压综合征致肾功能急性衰竭的患者早期采用连续血液净化疗法(CRRT),测定治疗前后血白细胞计数、血钾、尿素氮、血肌酐、肌酸激酶、肌红蛋白。结果:10例患者经CRRT治疗血白细胞计数、BUN、SCr、CK、MYO、高血钾、代谢性酸中毒等均较治疗前显著降低。结论:尽早行CRRT治疗地震伤后挤压综合征致急性肾功能衰竭,不但可迅速纠正患者内环境的紊乱,恢复肾功能,还可减轻全身炎性反应,缩短病程,改善预后,提高救治成功率。  相似文献   
36.
目的探讨非常规体位联合X线摄片在地震伤诊断中的价值。资料与方法对42例地震伤隐匿性骨折患者进行非常规体位X线摄片观察,将读片结果与常规X线摄片进行对比分析,并经CT或MRI证实。结果42例隐匿性骨折中35例能在非常规体位联合X线摄片中出现阳性指征,而单一常规摄片中出现阳性指征者仅24例(P值<0.005)。结论在野外缺少CT或MR等大型设备的条件下,非常规体位X线摄片在地震伤的诊疗和救治中具有重要意义。  相似文献   
37.
“5·12”地震发生后,第三军医大学大坪医院野战外科研究所先后派出5支医疗队前往灾区救援,并共收治灾区伤员157例。我院所在对大批量地震伤员救治工作中,从伤情治疗、心理康复、组织安排为原则出发,以医疗常规为标准,结合伤员的伤情分析,制定伤员出院流程:伤员病情稳定→主治医师按照《出院标准》同意伤员出院→心理干预小组对伤员进行心理测评→医院专家组进行伤员病情评估→医院伤员返乡领导小组审批→同意并安排伤员出院事项。并与行政部门做好协调,提供伤员返乡服务保障。通过制定伤员出院规范、组建工作小组,确保了128例灾区伤员顺利出院返乡。  相似文献   
38.
目的探讨儿童执行功能与地震导致的创伤后应激症状之间的关系。方法采用儿童事件影响量表修订版(children s revised impact of event scale,CRIES)评估汶川地震1年后409名幸存儿童的创伤后应激症状,从中随机选取30例创伤后应激症状严重者(CRIES总分≥30)作为研究组,同时选取创伤后应激症状轻微者(CRIES总分30)30名以及无地震经历的儿童30名为对照组,3组儿童在性别、年龄和智力水平上严格匹配。采用执行功能测验对所有被试进行测验。结果 3组儿童在数字刷新反应时、图形刷新反应时、数字转换所需时间、图形转换所需时间、数字虚报率和图形虚报率六项执行功能测验的得分差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论地震1年后未见地震所致的创伤后应激症状与儿童的执行功能存在关联。  相似文献   
39.

Objectives

The objective of this paper is to show how children and adolescents, living in the street in Haïti after the 2010 earthquake, use the street as a space to rebuild their identity. Using drawings of children and adolescents encountered in the context of research on resilience and the creative process among child and adolescent victims of the earthquake (ANR-10-HAIT-002 RECREAHVI), we explored the difficulties, the trauma and the creative expression of these children in the aftermath of the earthquake. These young people found themselves in a particularly vulnerable situation, whether socially, psychologically, or in terms of their safety. Their environmental envelopes were uncertain, fluctuating or damaged, so that the psychic envelopes of these street children was also put to the test. This article concerns the analysis of the drawings of street children and adolescents. We focus on the characteristics of the graphic envelopes to understand how these young street-dwellers symbolize the damage to their environmental and psychic envelopes, and how they express their needs for reconstruction.

Method

The study was conducted in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, one year after the earthquake. The methodological approach entailed a series of drawing workshops conducted with 45 children and adolescents aged 10–18 years encountered in three different institutions: a public education center and two shelters. In each establishment, the workshops were held three times a week over a period of three weeks. Participation in the workshops was voluntary and the children and adolescents were instructed to draw freely. Blank sheets and pencils were made available to them. The sessions of 1 h 30 were led by a student in psychology and a facilitator. A total of 680 drawings were collected from these workshops, highlighting various issues and themes. For this article, the analytical work on psychic and environmental envelopes concerned 270 drawings randomly selected in the three institutions. We conducted a classification according to three types of envelope (1) fixed containers/envelopes (houses or other buildings), (2) mobile containers/envelopes (means of transport) and (3) human containers (persons or groups of persons).

Results

Analysis of the drawings across the different graphic envelopes showed fragile psychic envelopes and a pervasiveness of the trauma of the earthquake. The fragilities are also linked with past trauma in these young people. The analysis also showed that external environmental envelopes that were destroyed in the earthquake (house, school, church, club, etc.) were characterized by internal disorganization, discontinuity and insecurity. The drawings show attempts to express, and a psychic organization characterized by mobility, so as to survive, and to face up to the internal and external instability.

Discussion

For these young street-dwellers, the street-environment, as it is assumed and experienced, is a representation of their psychic space and in particular the way they experience their bodies. Their situation was already fraught with trauma, well before the earthquake reactivated the trauma. Indeed, most street children have experienced other trauma or domestic abuse, and have often been either the victims or the instigators of urban violence. We observed that these young people are looking for stable support, despite their distrust of their environment. However, the group, and the symbolization of the house or home in drawings, appear as the predominant elements. We also note the importance of the secondary therapeutic effects of the drawing workshops, especially the cathartic benefits and the scope for elaboration of trauma in the group, with the support of drawing as a space for play and creativity.

Conclusion

The vulnerabilities of these young people deploy in an interweaving of family traumas, earlier experiences of psychic and social precariousness, and the collective trauma caused by the earthquake in 2010. The study shows the need to design counseling and educational facilities to develop their potential and help them build stable relationships with their environment.  相似文献   
40.
The paper describes an action research for indicative assessment of psychological problems of young children following the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, and the interest of using the Creole version of the questionnaire PSYCa 3-6. The survey took place in Port-au-Prince, and the evaluators were trained to a proper standardized administration of the questionnaire.

Background

The mental health needs of young children in natural disaster contexts often remain unaddressed. The lack of a rapid and simple tool for screening combined with few mental health professionals available to accurately diagnose and provide appropriate care mean that young children remain without care. Here, we present the results of psychological screening of young children aged 3 to 6 using the questionnaire PSYCa 3-6.

Methods

This study was conducted in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. The scale was translated into Haitian Creole using corroboration of independent translations and submitted twice to the parents at home, at the end of 2011 and again at the beginning of 2013. At the first stage 166 children 3 to 6 years old were included 49 of whom were included at the second stage. The results and diagnostic properties were assessed comparing the PSYCa 3-6 to the Clinical Global Impression Severity Scale as the gold standard.

Results

Boys were more prone to psychological disturbances than girls. The size and position among the siblings increased the score of psychological disturbance. The neighborhood and the perception of environmental violence had a significant impact on the score of psychological disturbance. The significant improvement in scores between the two examinations showed moderate resiliency whose main factors seemed to be the social support received by the family, the rapid return to school, faith and religious practice.  相似文献   
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