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91.
《Vulnerable children and youth studies》2013,8(3):225-236
There is a growing body of empirical research indicating a significant co-occurrence of multiple forms of experiences with violence among US youth. However, very little information is available about shared risk factors across forms of violence. Current analyses were based on cross-sectional data from the 2009 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). The YRBS includes a nationally representative sample (n = 16,410) of high-school students in 9–12th grades in the US. Multinomial regression analyses were conducted to test the associations between risk factors and reports of multiple violence exposures (i.e. physical fights, dating violence, forced sex, and being bullied at school). Among high-school students, 33.0% reported one experience, 11.4% reported two experiences, and 4.0% reported 3–4 experiences with violence. Multinomial regression analyses indicate that experience with 3–4 forms of violence were highly associated with sadness, feeling too unsafe to go to school, early alcohol use, binge drinking, drug use, weapon carrying, asthma, low academic grades, and suicide attempts relative to those who did not report any experience with violence. These findings underscore that multiple experiences with violence are relatively common among US high-school students. Moreover, multiple experiences with violence are associated with a relatively broad range of risk factors. Youth who report multiple experiences with violence seem to be particularly vulnerable and in need of assistance, in particular because of the strong association between multiple violent experiences and suicidal behaviors. 相似文献
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94.
Rashmi Rai Ambarish Kumar Rai 《International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, The》2020,22(4):291-302
The intimate partner violence (IPV) against women has been identified
as a violation of human rights and a serious public health concern. There is not
only the immediate consequence of partner violence, such as injury or death
but also the other long-term health consequences. IPV can be associated with psychological effects such as depressive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and
substance abuse. The study aims to explore the nature and causes of IPV on
women’s life and their personal experiences to deal with. This is an NGO-based
study. For better understanding of the issues, Purposive sampling was used in
selecting women with clinically diagnosed mental illness who experienced IPV.
The qualitative research methodology was employed to explore the experiences
and impact of IPV on the mental health status of women. For analysis, we used
a phenomenological approach and conducted in-depth interviews. Findings show
the participating women were suffering from IPV in physical, psychological, and
sexual forms. Majority of respondents felt that wife-beating and abusing was
fairly common. Most of the women had to face violence on a frequent and occasional basis. IPV experienced women were facing a mental illness like anxiety,
depression and sleeping-disorder. The women, who were facing mental illness
due to IPV, have been and continue to be exposed to such violence. Despite being
employed and suffering from IPV deeply, women choose to stay with their abusive partner because of their children future, lack of support, and social security.
The mental health of victims’ was clinically diagnosed, including self-assessed
symptoms. It means participants were aware that they are mentally ill because
of IPV. The healthy and quick recovery treatment should be given according
to the need of women, rather than providing comprehensive standardised
treatment for all. 相似文献
95.
Alicia J. Long Atoosa Golfar David M. Olson 《Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada》2019,41(1):38-45
Objective
This study sought to understand how obstetrician gynaecologists (OB/GYNs) in Edmonton, Alberta screen prenatal patients for intimate partner violence (IPV). It also aimed to explore attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions regarding IPV and identify barriers to screening for IPV. Institutional protocols, resources, and support available to clinicians and patients were also reviewed.Methods
All Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada–certified OB/GYNs practicing general obstetrics in Edmonton were identified and were mailed letters and electronic questionnaires with two follow-up letters or emails at 2-week intervals. Personal and clinical practice demographic information was collected. Physicians' perceptions, screening practices, and barriers to screening were identified. Responses were collected, stored, and analyzed using a secure online database, Research Electronic Data Capture Database; all responses were completely anonymous.Results
Of 58 physicians surveyed, 49 completed questionnaires (84% response rate). A total of 33% of respondents either never or rarely screened women for IPV during prenatal visits, 69% either never or rarely screened for childhood abuse, 94% did not have a screening protocol, and 77% did not have written materials to provide to patients. Multiple barriers were identified. A total of 94% of OB/GYNs believed that they were inadequately screening for IPV.Conclusion
Screening of pregnant women for IPV and a history of abuse is suboptimal. There are multiple barriers (cultural, societal, economic, and institutional) that prevent women from being screened for IPV and receiving appropriate support services. 相似文献96.
97.
Michael G. Vaughn Christopher P. Salas-Wright Matt DeLisi Brian E. Perron David Cordova 《AIMS Public Health》2015,2(1):64-73
The question of whether MDMA use is associated with increased crime and violence has not been adequately explored especially in nationally representative samples. This study used data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) to assess the association between MDMA use and violent and non-violent antisocial behavior while controlling for sociodemographic variables, lifetime psychiatric, alcohol and drug use disorders, and family history of antisocial behavior. MDMA users, both male and female, were involved in a number of crimes in acts of violence including drunk driving, shoplifting, theft, intimate partner violence, and fighting. Notably, female MDMA users were more antisocial than male non-MDMA users. Although adjusting the results for numerous confounds attenuated the relationships, MDMA users were still at significantly greater odds of engaging in violent and nonviolent crime than non-MDMA users. Although MDMA has been considered a facilitator of empathy and closeness, the current study suggests a dark side as MDMA is associated with a broad array of crimes and transgressions. Additional tests of the MDMA-crime link are needed to properly inform policy. 相似文献
98.
Bernard Barhafumwa Janan Dietrich Kalysha Closson Hasina Samji Angela Cescon Busisiwe Nkala 《Vulnerable children and youth studies》2016,11(3):263-273
Adolescents in HIV endemic settings are a priority demographic with respect to HIV prevention. Some studies have shown that behaviours associated with HIV transmission, may be mediated by mental health factors such as depression. We undertook this study to explore the prevalence and associations of depression symptomology among adolescents living in the HIV endemic community of Soweto, South Africa through the Botsha Bophelo Adolescent Health Study (BBAHS). We estimated the prevalence of depression using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies of Depression Scale, using a score of ≥24 to indicate ‘probable depression’. Among the 789 adolescents (14–19 years) with depression scores, 262 (33%) met the criteria for probable depression (99 [38%] men and 163 [62%] women; p = 0.061). In multivariable logistic regression, factors independently associated with depression included being female (AOR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.45–4.00), marijuana use (AOR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.21–5.93), physical violence (AOR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.01–2.62), pregnancy (AOR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.03–3.88) and incarceration (AOR = 2.09, 95% CI: 0.99–4.42). These data indicate that a concerning proportion of adolescents in Soweto may be suffering from depression and those screened as potentially depressed, were more likely to be female and have cofactors relating to increased risk for HIV. As part of a comprehensive HIV prevention strategy, we recommend that depression screening for adolescents be integrated into public and school health programs that triage those suffering into treatment programs. 相似文献
99.
Understandings of violence, and especially sexual violence against children, must be situated within the local context. The 2009 Violence against Children Survey in Zanzibar indicated that 6% of girls and 9% of boys reported having experienced sexual violence before the age of 18 years. This paper reports on an in-depth qualitative study conducted in Zanzibar to provide further insights to these findings by examining the circumstances for sexual and other violence against children in Zanzibar. Twenty-four in-depth interviews with young people and 18 focus-group discussions with young people and adults were conducted in rural and urban Zanzibar. A further 8 interviews were conducted with parents and key stakeholders in government and NGO offices that provide services for children. The findings revealed that religious and cultural practices, which form the foundation of Swahili culture in Zanzibar, provide a moral frame for childhood development, but structural factors make children vulnerable to sexual violence. Both boys and girls are vulnerable to sexual violence in the home, neighbourhood, at school and, in particular, at madrasa or Qur’anic schools. As religion and culture are strong influences on childhood, preventing sexual violence at madrasa schools would strengthen the positive aspects of religious teachings for ensuring a safe childhood. 相似文献
100.
Goleen Samari 《Culture, health & sexuality》2018,20(4):458-473
Egypt is ranked one of the most gender unequal countries, and fertility is at a two-decade high of 3.5 births per woman. Women’s empowerment is a strategy used to promote contraceptive use and lower fertility, yet evidence from the Middle East is limited. This study uses 2005, 2008 and 2014 Egyptian Demographic and Health Survey data to examine recent patterns of contraceptive method choice and how women’s empowerment is associated with contraceptive method type: none, short-acting or long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods. Using a nationally representative sample of 47,545 married women in their childbearing years, multinomial logistic regression models examine women’s agency, specifically household decision-making and attitudes towards intimate partner violence and contraceptive method type. In 2014, LARC use significantly declined and short-acting method use was higher than in 2008. Women who made household decisions and were less accepting of intimate partner violence were more likely to use LARC (vs. no method). Women who made more joint decisions with spouses were more likely to use LARC (vs. no method) compared to those making individual decisions. Findings have implications for family planning programmes, and efforts involving men to increase household gender equality and lower the acceptance of intimate partner violence may promote LARC use in Egypt. 相似文献