Influence of intimate partner violence during pregnancy and early postpartum depressive symptoms on breastfeeding among chinese women in Hong Kong

Numerous studies show that breastfeeding is beneficial to both mothers and babies. This study explores two understudied correlates that may influence breastfeeding initiation: intimate partner violence during pregnancy and early postnatal depressive symptoms. A cross-sectional comparative study design investigated the correlates of feeding modes of 1200 Chinese mother and infant pairs in a university-affiliated regional hospital in Hong Kong. The prevalence rates of breastfeeding and mixed feeding were 42.25% and 26.25%, respectively. Women who had no experience of intimate partner violence during pregnancy were significantly more likely to initiate breastfeeding (adjusted odds ratio = 1.84; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-2.91) after adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic, and obstetric variables. Early postnatal depressive symptoms were not significantly associated with feeding modes in a multinomial logistic regression model. Midwives are in a key position to identify and intervene to encourage more successful breastfeeding practice.     

万艾可治疗ED时对BPH引起LUTS改善的研究

目的 :探索、研究万艾可在治疗阴茎勃起功能障碍 (ED)时对由良性前列腺增生 (BPH)引起的下尿路症状(LUTS)的影响。　方法 :32例ED同时伴有BPH的研究对象 ,采用IIEF 5问卷表和IPSS评分表 ,在服用万艾可前和服药后 6个月分别各填写一次 ,应用单因素方差分析对所得到的前后评分进行统计学分析。结果 :在服药前32例ED中 ,轻、中、重分别为 14、13、5例 ,BPH中轻、中、重分别为 3、15、14例 ;服药后IIEF 5评分平均上升4 2 .36 % ,IPSS评分平均下降 2 0 .14 % ,两者在统计学上都有显著性差异 ,P <0 .0 1。　结论 :在治疗中老年性ED合并BPH中 ,应用万艾可既能治疗ED ,取得完美的性生活 ,又能达到改善由BPH引起的LUTS。万艾可是一治疗ED有效的药物 ,但对于前列腺基质平滑肌亦有辅助性松弛作用 ,因此也有助于BPH时LUTS的缓解。     

Chronic Fatigue: A Survey, Outcome Study and Proposals

Background:  Sample sizes in studies of childhood chronic fatigue remain small and there is a need to integrate research findings and establish common criteria.
Method:  This is a detailed report of 20 children with medically unexplained fatigue, referred to as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). It includes an uncontrolled outcome study of treatment based on a pragmatic cognitive-behavioural model adapted for children at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children.
Results:  The data revealed psychological distress at 30 times the prevalence found in the normal child population, with specific high-ranking symptoms, including headache, social withdrawal and decreased appetite. Onset tended to occur at 11 years of age with some earlier problems at school age, suggesting it might be possible to identify those most at risk. Follow-up demonstrated improvement in 87% of the sample (parental report), a significant increase in school attendance and a significant decrease in symptom severity. Factors associated with good outcome were short duration of fatigue (less than a year) and behaviours that tended to combat the cycle of avoidance, such as carefully planned home-tuition.
Conclusions:  Recording a comprehensive range of symptoms and factors facilitates comparisons within and between child studies. It is proposed that symptom severity is a particularly relevant measure for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome which is characterised by persisting symptoms.     

Neuropsychologic symptoms in the migraine syndrome

Twenty patients with complex neuropsychologic symptoms associated with classic migraine were selected from a group of 200 patients with vascular headache. Twenty types of symptoms were found and grouped into six categories (language, visual symptoms, cognitive-dysmnesic symptoms, olfactory-gustatory hallucinations, automatisms, and somatosensory symptoms). Some of the symptoms found have apparently not been reported previously. The importance of the analysis of this complex neuropsychologic set of symptoms and of the possible consequences of complicated, frequent vascular headache is emphasized.     

Acute Myocarditis

ABSTRACT In a prospective study, 57 patients with a preliminary diagnosis of myocarditis were investigated. Twenty-four patients were considered to have an acute myocarditis, 14 had a suspected myocarditis, while in 19 patients myocarditis was excluded. Episodes of frequent supraventricular and/or ventricular extrasystoles during hospital stay were seen in 8/24 cases (33%) with myocarditis and in 1/19 cases (5%) without myocarditis. On follow-up 1 month later, no supraventricular extrasystoles were observed in either group. Echocardiographic signs consistent with left ventricular insufficiency were noted in 7/24 cases (29%) with myocarditis, in 1/14 cases (7%) with suspected myocarditis and in no case without myocarditis. With a “routine” serologic test battery covering influenza viruses A and B, adenovirus, Coxsackie virus group B, ECHO viruses, Chlamydia psittaci, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and hemolytic streptococci group A, a possible etiology could be documented in 9/24 cases (38%) with myocarditis and in 4/19 cases (21%) without myocarditis. Enterovirus-specific IgM was detected with solid-phase reverse immunosorbent test (SPRIST) in 12/23 (48%) cases with myocarditis and in 3/16 cases (19%) without myocarditis. In SPRIST-IgM-positive cases, IgM antibodies were detected in 15/20 (75%) of the sera taken on admission. The overall serological results indicated a recent infection in 16/24 cases (67%) with myocarditis and in 5/19 cases (26%) without myocarditis (p < 0.05).     

主观症状及实验检查诊断早期干眼症

目的 分析主观症状及实验检查对早期干眼症患者诊断的意义。方法 对55例（109眼）已确诊的早期干眼症患者（无或仅伴有轻微体征）的临床症状及实验检查进行回顾性分析及比较。结果 患者中主观症状所占比率：干涩感94％，视疲劳感82％，异物感74％，明显高于其他症状（P〈0．05）。实验检查的阳性率：基础泪液分泌试验（Schirmer I test，SIt）35％，泪膜破裂时间检查（break-up time，BUT）85％，角结膜荧光素（fluorescent，FL）染色60％，其中BUT阳性率明显高于SIt和FL（P〈0．05）。结论 主观症状及实验检查可为早期干眼症诊断提供有利依据。     

马来西亚寒邪致病及其证治初探

根据第一作者在马来西亚从事中医临床工作50余年的经验,以中医理论为指导,探讨了在炎热的马来西亚,寒邪致病的可能性、客观性以及寒邪致病的病因、病机、临床表现特征及其治疗方法。     

灸法补泻刍议

针对灸法补泻问题，从灸法补泻效应的存在与否以及灸法作用机理及其影响因素三方面进行初步探讨。认为灸法既能补虚，又能泻实，临床运用灸法，应遵循辨证施灸的原则，灵活运用补与泻，充分发挥灸法的临床效果。     

No difference in symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome between healthy subjects and patients with recurrent depression in remission

There is bidirectional comorbidity between anxiety/depression and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). To investigate the prevalence of IBS symptoms, and factors associated with gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with recurrent depressive disorder. Patients (n = 95) with recurrent type of major depression according to DSM-IV criteria and sex- and age-matched controls (n = 190) were sent questionnaires investigating symptoms of IBS [Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS)-IBS] and symptoms of anxiety and depression [Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)]. Medical records were checked over a 10-year period for chronic somatic symptoms or diseases. Seventy-three patients with unipolar disorder (mean age 63.6 years SD 13.8; range 23-86 years) and 156 controls (mean age 59.2 years SD 11.6, range 21-85 years) responded. Patients with recurrent depression had higher GSRS-IBS scores and showed a strong correlation between symptoms of IBS and anxiety-depression (r(s) = 0.54; P < 0.001). IBS symptoms were also associated with multiple pain symptoms, higher health-seeking behaviour and selective-serotonin-reuptake inhibitor intake. However, patients with recurrent depression (n = 46) in remission (HADS-Depression score <8) did not have more symptoms of IBS than controls (GSRS-IBS median score 6.0 vs 6.5; P = 0.46). There is a strong association between symptoms of IBS and symptoms of anxiety and depression, whereas depressive patients in remission do not have more IBS symptoms than controls.