宁夏卫生人力资源现状分析

目的　了解宁夏卫生人力现状 ,提出建设性意见。方法　采用普查分类统计分析的方法。结果　现有卫生人员 2 3485名 ,其中卫生专业技术人员 18838名 ,每千人拥有 4 .35名卫生人员和 3.36名卫生专业技术人员。结论　年龄和职称分布合理 ,卫生人力资源总量较 16年前明显增加 ,卫生专业技术人员增长了 83.5 7% ,研究生偏少 ,本科学历比例较小 ,卫生人力资源过于集中在银川市     

世界高等医学教育研究的现状和趋势及其借鉴

本文作者多年主持多项国际医学教育研究合作项目，多次参加国际性医学教育学术会议，根据文献资料和观察所见，介绍世界高等医学教育研究机构建立的沿革；高等医学教育研究得以发展的动因；高等医学教育研究的功能与任务；对提高医学教育教学质量的最佳途径的研究成果；世界各国开展的“医学教育硕士学位”培养计划，以及借鉴与对策。     

舰艇部队军事训练伤分布特点与干预效果研究

目的：查明海军舰艇部队特殊军事训练伤的发生率和分布特征，以及施加干预措施后军事训练伤发生率的变化。方法：以整群抽样方式选取海军某舰艇部队官兵1648人，对全年军事训练伤进行前瞻性流行病学调查；以每个参试支队各抽2艘舰艇为干预试验单位，设同期对照组和历史对照组。结果：全年军事训练伤累积发生率为14．62％，时间分布以7月份为高峰；46．53％的伤者为机电部门人员；损伤部位以下肢为主，占32．64％；受伤类型以急性创伤性损伤为主；干预试验的军事训练伤发生率为8．96％，低于同期对照组(12．21％，P＜0、05)和历史对照组(14．62％，P＜0．01)。结论：舰艇部队军事训练伤发生情况与其它军兵种有较大的区别。施加干预措施可显著降低舰艇部队的军事训练伤。     

中国维和部队士兵性观念和性心理的调查研究

目的:掌握中国维和部队士兵性观念和性心理状况,力图加以正确引导和心理干预。方法:在维和任务中期,采用自编问卷,对314名中国驻利比里亚维和士兵进行性观念和性心理方面的调查。结果:超过90%的士兵性知识来源于自学,部分士兵性知识相对缺乏,通过集训的学习,仍有77%的战士对“艾滋病”有恐惧感。与未婚士兵相比,已婚士兵显示出更成熟的性心理(P<0.05);而性观念上差异没有显著性(P>0.05)。结论:针对不同群体进行有效的心理干预和心理疏导,能让士兵理智地对待自己的性欲和愿望,把性能量升华为内在的工作动力,创造性地开展维和工作。     

复旦大学大学生吸烟情况及影响因素调查

目的 了解复旦大学大学生吸烟现状，分析该人群吸烟行为的影响因素，寻找有效的控烟策略以预防和矫正大学生的吸烟行为。方法 对4019名在校本科生进行了问卷调查。结果 吸烟率为2．3％，现在吸烟率为2．3％。性别、年级、专业与现在是否吸烟有关。男性是吸烟的危险因素；随着年级的升高，吸烟率呈上升趋势；非医学专业的吸烟率高于医学专业。结论 大学生对吸烟的态度和信念较好，但是吸烟率仍然处于一个比较高的水平，近一半的吸烟者并没有戒烟的打算，非吸烟者拒绝被动吸烟的意识也比较薄弱。开展控烟运动已刻不容缓，成为当务之急。     

Methods for analysis of a food frequency questionnaire

Fifty-five students and staff at Robert Gordon's Institute of Technology completed a food frequency questionnaire and then weighed their food for one week. Several methods of calculating nutrient intakes from the questionnaire are compared to results from the weighed inventory. Intakes of energy and several nutrients calculated using estimated typical portion weights were less than those derived from the weighed inventory. Food groups contributing to the apparent under-estimation have been identified. A further method of calculation involved derivation of a factor for each food group such that the frequency estimated from the questionnaire multiplied by the factor equalled the average weight of the foods in that group that had been eaten. Using these factors instead of the typical portion weights resulted in closer agreement to the weighed inventory method, but the difference ranged from positive for some groups to negative for others. Use of separate factors for each group of subjects reduced the range of differences to the weighed inventory method.     

The epidemiology and surveillance of blood lead in Taiwan (R.O.C.): A report on the PRESS-BLL project

 To monitor the lead hazards in industries and to investigate the prevalence of elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) in lead-exposed workers, a lead surveillance system (PRESS-BLLs) has been established and operated in Taiwan, Republic of China, since July 1993. A cohort of lead-exposed workers who received a periodic annual health examination at 55 accredited hospital laboratories was constructed. A total of 9807 separate BLL measurements were reported to the system in 1994. The mean BLL was 15.8 μg/dl in male workers and 11.6 μg/dl in female workers. The mean BLL of lead-exposed workers was significantly (P<0.05, z-test) higher than that of the general Taiwanese population (8.6 μg/dl for males and 6.7 μg/dl for females). In addition, the BLLs of 983 (10.0%) workers exceeded the regulatory action level (40 μg/dl for males; 30 μg/dl for females). The workplaces and homes of 57% of the workers with elevated BLLs were thoroughly investigated to determine the sources of lead contamination. These actions identified the causes of elevated BLLs and set up strategies to reduce workers’ lead exposure. The establishment of this occupational lead surveillance system represents a method for monitoring of lead hazards from occupational and environmental settings to prevent lead poisoning. The information acquired from the system can help in the setting up of a priority of prevention and the development of control measures. It is also useful for further monitoring of changes in the BLLs of the lead-exposed-worker cohort. The Health Department of Taiwan can use this information to evaluate the effectiveness of current industrial hygiene practice. Subjects with elevated BLLs have been medically treated and placed on long-term follow-up for sequelae. Received: 2 September 1996/Accepted: 29 November 1996     

THE POINT PREVALENCE OF WOUNDS IN A TEACHING HOSPITAL

Background : Wounds are a common problem, particularly in the elderly population. The scale of wound problems in hospital is largely unknown because wounds are widely dispersed. The present study examined the point prevalence of hospital wounds and undertook a pressure ulcer risk assessment of all patients on one day. Methods : All 360 inpatients were surveyed and thoroughly examined. A risk scale for pressure sore development, the Norton score, was applied. When wounds were found, information was collected to determine their aetiology. Results : Forty leg ulcers, 40 pressure sores, 85 surgical wounds and seven other types of wounds were found. Most leg ulcer and pressure sore cases were admitted for other reasons. The Norton score did not predict all cases of pressure ulceration. A total of 52% of wounds did not qualify for additional funding under current funding criteria. Conclusion : The prevalence of non-surgical wounds in Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital was easily underestimated. Wound care management can be optimized by staff education and protocol design, early identification of troublesome wounds and of at-risk patients, and a cross-sectional approach that incorporates wound-management teams.     

我国较贫困地区农村学龄前儿童膳食状况

对１９８５～１９８９年７省较贫困的１８个乡农村儿童膳食调查资料采用平均摄入量、临界值及概率法进行了总结分析。结果表明，６～２４月龄母乳喂养儿的辅食品种单一，数量不足。断奶儿童各年龄组热能、蛋白质摄入量的平均值分别达ＲＤＡ的９２％～１０４％和７６％～８４％，但以ＲＤＡ为界值，仍有５３％～６２％及７４％～８５％的儿童热能、蛋白质摄入量低，用概率法分析蛋白质、钙、维生素Ａ、Ｂ２、Ｃ及铁摄入不足的人数比例分别是５０％～６０％、９３％～９７％、５１％～８７％、７４％～８６％、５８％～６６％和１２％～４７％。热能、蛋白质摄入量低于ＲＤＡ值儿童的身高、体重明显低于摄入量高于ＲＤＡ值的儿童。