Wellbeing,resilience, and coping: Are there differences between healthy older adults,adults with mild cognitive impairment,and adults with Alzheimer-type dementia?

The changes that occur with cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease could affect psychological aspects unrelated to memory. The purpose of this study is to compare 32 healthy older adults, 31 amnestic mild cognitively impaired (aMCI) adults, and 32 patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD), in order to determine whether there are differences in their psychological wellbeing, resilience, and coping strategies. Unifactorial MANOVAS and ANOVAS were performed to analyze the between-group differences. The results reveal that the AD group showed lower levels of resilience and orientation toward problem-solving and greater use of religious strategies. In addition, they had significantly lower wellbeing scores than the other groups. The worsening of the pathology impedes the capacity for adaptation and resilience and the application of strategies oriented toward the problem, and it increases the application of strategies based on magical thinking. Moreover, it also produces a reduction in wellbeing.     

Coping and Maintenance Strategies of Spontaneous Remitters from Problem Use of Alcohol and Heroin in Switzerland

A short review of the literature is followed by data from a Swiss study on spontaneous remission from problem use of alcohol and heroin conducted in 1988. The analysis of the collected life histories led to the identification of a motivation phase, a stage of decision implementation, and a struggle for maintenance as the major sequence of the autoremission process. The discussion focuses on the “tools” which remitters use to put their decision into practice. The coping mechanisms identified are “diversion,” “self-monitoring,” and “distancing.” In relation to the maintenance phase, the perception of possible relapse situations and intuitive predictions of the subjects and collaterals are analyzed.     

Consumption of Cigarettes,Alcohol, and Marijuana Among New York City Residents Six Months After the September 11 Terrorist Attacks

This study investigated the relationship between three personal resources (self-mastery, optimism, and abstinence self-efficacy) and ways of coping among recovering substance abusers (n=52) residing in Oxford Houses. Although residents' scores on optimism and abstinence self-efficacy were significantly correlated in a positive direction, residents' self-mastery scores were significantly and negatively related to both optimism and abstinence self-efficacy scores. However, residents reported using significantly more emotion-focused than problem-focused coping even though there was a significant positive relationship between emotion-focused coping and self-mastery. These paradoxical findings might be due to communal living and 12-step philosophy that is antithetical to a sense of control, which may have facilitated residents' emotional regulation to stress. Furthermore, significant relationships between coping strategies and personal resources imply that active coping strategies are instrumental in recovering substance abusers' use of optimism and abstinence self-efficacy, whereas passive coping strategies are involved with self-mastery. In addition, African American residents reported using significantly more wishful thinking coping, suggesting ethnicity might be an important aspect of the coping process. Overall, findings suggest that optimism and abstinence self-efficacy are effective personal resources for recovering substance abusers in 12-step programs.     

大学新生应对方式与宿舍人际困扰的关系研究

目的探讨大学新生的应对方式与其宿舍人际困扰的关系。方法选取昆明学院486名大学新生为研究对象,使用宿舍人际关系诊断量表及应对方式量表进行调查,对调查结果进行t检验、相关分析和回归分析。结果①17.7%的大学新生有一定程度宿舍人际困扰,达到严重程度的比例为0.6%;在应对方式上,女生比男生,文科生比理科生更多地使用幻想;城市学生比农村学生更多地使用求助;文科生比艺术体育类学生更多地使用自责(P<0.05);②大学新生的应对方式各因子与其宿舍人际困扰显著相关(P<0.01);宿舍人际困扰较少和困扰较多学生在应对方式各因子上均有显著差异(P<0.05);幻想、合理化和求助的应对方式对大学新生宿舍人际关系有显著影响(F=42.330,P<0.01)。结论应对方式在一定程度上影响着宿舍人际关系,成熟的应对方式有利于宿舍人际关系和谐。     

网络成瘾青少年家庭环境与应对方式的相关性

目的:探讨网络成瘾青少年的家庭环境模式、应对方式特征及家庭环境因素对应对方式的影响。方法:采用家庭环境量表中文版(FES-CV)及应付方式问卷(CSQ)评估35例网络青少年(研究组)及35例正常青少年(对照组)的家庭环境及应对方式。结果:1研究组在亲密度、情感表达、独立性、成功性、娱乐性、控制性等六项评分值均显著低于对照组(t=-2.883,-3.682,-2.402,-2.514,-3.220,-2.414;P<0.01或0.05),矛盾评分值显著高于对照组(t=2.104,P<0.05);2研究组的解决问题、求助两项的因子评分值显著低于对照组(t=-3.063,-3.801;P<0.01),自责、幻想及逃避3项的因子评分值显著高于对照组(t=2.839,3.092,3.354;P<0.01);3研究组亲密度评分与解决问题和求助两因子评分均呈正相关(r=0.461,P<0.01;r=0.394,P<0.05),与自责、幻想、逃避及合理化4项因子评分均呈负相关(r=-0.340,-0358,-0.406;P<0.05;r=-0.478,P<0.01);情感表达评分与解决问题、求助两项评分均呈正相关(r=0.335,0.405;P<0.05),与幻想、逃避评分均呈负相关(r=-0.450,P<0.01;r=-0.418,P<0.05);矛盾性评分与幻想、逃避两项评分均呈正相关(r=0.357,0.354;P<0.05),与解决问题和求助两项评分均呈负相关(r=-0.386,-0.361;P<0.05);娱乐性评分与解决问题和求助两项评分均呈正相关(r=0.490,P<0.01;r=0.381,P<0.05),与幻想、逃避、合理化评分均呈负相关(r=-0.436,P<0.01;r=-0.352,-0.378;P<0.05)。结论:网络成瘾青少年的家庭环境模式与其采用不良的应对方式可能存在显著相关性。     

大学生应对方式、学习倦怠与学业拖延的关系

目的:探讨应对方式、学习倦怠与学业拖延的关系。方法:采用简易应对方式问卷、大学生学习倦怠问卷、学生版拖延评估量表对331名大学生的应对方式、学习倦怠与学业拖延情况进行测量。结果:1大学生应对方式积极,学习倦怠得分处于中等水平并存在一定程度的学业拖延;2消极应对与学习倦怠(r=0.234,P<0.01)、学业拖延呈显著正相关(r=0.200,P<0.01),学习倦怠与学业拖延呈显著正相关(r=0.366,P<0.01);3中介检验发现,学习倦怠在消极应对方式与学业拖延之间起部分中介的作用,中介效应占总效应的42.38%。结论:学生的应对方式越消极,学习倦怠程度越高,进而导致学业拖延程度加深。     

女性围产期抑郁动态观察及相关因素研究

目的:观察女性围产期抑郁情绪动态变化及探讨女性孕期压力水平、应对方式与围产期抑郁的相关性.方法:采用便利抽样法选取在合肥市某三甲医院门诊孕期检查的162例孕妇为调查对象,运用妊娠压力量表(PPS)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)评估孕期压力水平和孕妇应对压力的方式,运用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)评估孕期、产后的抑郁情绪.结果:孕产妇孕期抑郁、产后抑郁的发生率分别为47.53％ (77/162)、48.77％ (79/162);纵向追踪发现,孕期77例抑郁女性中,在产后有24例女性(31.17％)转为非抑郁;孕期85例非抑郁女性中,在产后有26例女性(30.59％)转为抑郁.其次,妊娠晚期孕妇妊娠总体压力为轻度水平[中位数(M)=1.57].孕妇应对方式总分(1.57 ±0.03)分,积极应对方式评分为(1.93±0.04)分,消极应对方式评分为(1.03±0.03)分.与常模比较,其中,积极应对方式评分比常模评分高,差异有统计学意义(t=1.96,P＜0.01).孕妇孕期抑郁情绪与妊娠压力总分、各压力因子得分呈正相关,与应对方式总分、积极应对分值呈负相关.产妇产后抑郁情绪与妊娠压力总分、各压力因子得分呈正相关,与积极应对分值呈负相关.多元逐步回归分析显示,孕期抑郁情绪是产后抑郁的危险因素,家庭关系是产后抑郁情绪的保护因素.结论:在产前对孕妇做好心理健康水平的筛查和干预,对于产后抑郁的预防有着重要意义.     

Spiritual/religious coping and depressive symptoms in informal caregivers of hospitalized older adults

This aim of this study was assess whether positive and negative spiritual/religious coping (SRC) strategies are associated with depressive symptoms (DS) of informal caregiver (IC) of hospitalized older adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 98 IC of hospitalized older adults in the medical clinic of a Brazilian School Hospital. The functionality, Positive and Negative SRC strategies and DS were evaluated. The IC had high average use of SRC, with Positive SRC being more used than Negative SRC. In the unadjusted regression model, Positive and Negative SRC were associated with DS. However, when adjusted for confounding factors, only Negative SRC remained associated with DS. The IC had used their religious and spiritual beliefs as a way to cope with the stress that comes from caring for hospitalized older adults. Although the positive strategy use of these beliefs was more common, only the negative strategies were associated with a higher DS.     

应对方式在支气管哮喘患儿父母社会支持与养育压力间的中介作用研究

背景父母的养育压力会直接影响其育儿方式,从而影响患儿的心理健康及疾病转归,故明确应对方式在支气管哮喘(以下简称哮喘)患儿父母社会支持与养育压力间的作用并采取正确的应对方式对改善哮喘患儿疾病转归具有重要意义。目的探讨应对方式在哮喘患儿父母社会支持与养育压力间的中介作用。方法选取2019年5月-2020年9月在广州市红十字会医院和南方医科大学南方医院就诊的哮喘患儿及其父亲或母亲作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表收集患儿及其父母一般资料,分别采用养育压力短式量表(PSI-SF)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、特质应对方式问卷(TCSQ)评估患儿父母养育压力、社会支持及应对方式。哮喘患儿父母PSI-SF及其各维度评分、SSRS及其各维度评分、TCSQ各分量表评分间的相关性分析采用Pearson相关分析;采用Mplus 7.4软件构建结构方程模型及Bootstrap法验证应对方式在哮喘患儿父母社会支持与养育压力间的中介作用。结果本研究共发放295份问卷,回收有效问卷276份,有效回收率为93.56%。哮喘患儿父母PSI-SF评分为(108.36±18.88)分,其中养育压力大者225名(占81.52%),各维度中亲职愁苦评分最高。哮喘患儿父母SSRS及社会支持、支持利用度评分均低于健康儿童父母(P <0.05)。哮喘患儿父母积极应对评分低于健康儿童父母,消极应对评分高于健康儿童父母(P <0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,哮喘患儿父母PSI-SF及其各维度评分与SSRS及其各维度评分、积极应对评分呈负相关,与消极应对评分呈正相关(P <0.05);哮喘患儿父母SSRS及其各维度评分与积极应对评分呈正相关,与消极应对评分呈负相关(P <0.05);哮喘患儿父母PSI-SF评分与其各维度评分间、SSRS评分与其各维度评分间均呈正相关,积极应对评分与消极应对评分呈负相关(P <0.05)。构建的哮喘患儿父母社会支持、应对方式、养育压力中介模型的拟合度指数为χ2/df=4.34,近似误差均方根(RMSEA)=0.041。Bootstrap法检验社会支持→应对方式→养育压力的间接效应占73.12%,其中社会支持→积极应对→养育压力的间接效应占43.58%、社会支持→消极应对→养育压力的间接效应占29.54%,表明应对方式在哮喘患儿父母社会支持和养育压力间的中介效应成立。结论哮喘患儿父母养育压力大、社会支持水平低、更倾向于消极应对,且应对方式在哮喘患儿父母社会支持与养育压力间起部分中介作用,故医护人员应引导哮喘患儿父母采取积极应对方式,以提高其社会支持水平、减轻其养育压力。