医疗纠纷人民调解效果评价指标分析简

分析了当前医疗纠纷人民调解效果的评价中存在的问题,如指标太过于单一不具代表性、指标维度不够、指标对优势的反映不够而不具说服力,认为评价医疗纠纷人民调解的效果应分为“医调委”、医方和患方三个维度,并分析了各个维度下的具体指标。     

医疗纠纷人民调解受理范围评析

列举并分析了各地“医调委”对受理范围的规定,认为现有规定既不统一,也比较模糊。为了推进医疗纠纷人调解在全国的应用,建议应对受理范围进行统一规定。     

Mediators of the Development and Prevention of Violent Behavior

The purpose of this investigation was to determine if the Aban Aya Youth Project, a culturally grounded intervention, produced differences in changes over time in core intervening variables (i.e., communal value orientation, empathy, violence avoidance efficacy beliefs) and whether these variables mediated intervention effects on the development of youth violent behavior. Fifth grade cohorts at 12 schools were randomly assigned to one of two intervention conditions or an attention placebo control condition and followed longitudinally through eighth grade. A total of 668 students (49% male) participated in the study. Mediation analyses suggested that both program conditions (as compared to the control condition) led to steeper increases over time in empathy which, in turn were related to reductions in the likelihood of violent behavior over time. No other significant program effects were detected, although changes over time in violence avoidance efficacy were associated with reduced likelihood of violent behavior. Findings are discussed in terms of theory development, program development and points of refinement of the Aban Aya Youth Project and implications for future research.     

Investigating Treatment Mediators When Simple Random Assignment to a Control Group Is Not Possible

As the study of psychological treatments begins to mature beyond questions of efficacy, investigators are focusing more on treatment mediators in an effort to aid revision and dissemination of existing treatments. Often, such studies are conducted without wait-list or no-treatment control groups. However, designs without a control group constrain the examination of treatment mediators and preclude statements about the overall effects of treatment. We review the limitations of treatment-treatment and single-treatment designs for studying mediation and suggest design modifications to strengthen future investigations. Specifically, we present the benefits and limitations of regression discontinuity and interrupted time series in testing mediation when ethical or organizational considerations preclude simple random assignment to a no-treatment condition.     

试论恶性医疗纠纷的依法防范和处理

从端正思想观念、依法规范医疗纠纷的内部调解和明确医院定位,规范医患双方的权利、义务关系等三个方面就恶性医疗纠纷的依法防范和处理进行了初步探讨。     

Relationship of adrenergic and electrical brain stimulation induced feeding responses

Electrical and adrenergic brain stimulation can induce eating in satiated animals. This report explores the interrelationship of brain feeding systems mediating eating in response to norepinephrine and electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus in rats. It was found that simultaneous adrenergic and electrical brain stimulation resulted in a significant increase in food intake as compared to each stimulation condition alone. Furthermore, pharmacological blockade of the alpha-adrenergic receptors in the hypothalamus attenuated feeding in response to adrenergic, but not electrical brain stimulation. Results are interpreted to suggest that these feeding systems are independent at the level of the diencephalon. The role of the vagus nerve as an efferent link through which these brain systems may influence feeding behavior is discussed.     

The association between salt intake and arterial stiffness is influenced by a sex‐specific mediating effect through blood pressure in normotensive adults: The ELSA‐Brasil study

High salt intake is known to increase blood pressure (BP) and also to be associated with carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cf‐PWV). However, recent data showed a sex‐specific pattern in the salt‐induced rise of BP. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether the association between salt intake and arterial stiffness also has a sex‐specific pattern. A total of 7755 normotensive participants with a validated 12‐h overnight urine collection in which daily salt intake was estimated were included. cf‐PWV, as well as clinical and anthropometric parameters, was measured. Salt intake positively correlated with cf‐PWV, in which the linear regression was steeper in women than in men (0.0199 ± 0.0045 vs 0.0326 ± 0.0052 m/s per gram of salt, P < .05). cf‐PWV increases over the salt quartiles in men and women. However, after adjustment for confounders, the association remained significant only for men. In the path analysis, the direct path (men: 0.048 P < .001, women: 0.029 P = .028) was higher in men while that mediated by SBP (men: 0.020 P < .001, women: 0.034 P < .001) was higher in women. We clearly demonstrated that high salt intake has a direct and independent effect increasing arterial stiffness regardless of sex. Also, the association between salt intake and arterial stiffness is more dependent on BP in normotensive women than it is in normotensive men. These results highlight the need for a sex‐specific approach in the evaluation of cardiovascular risk associated with dietary habits.     

医疗纠纷行政调解制度的相关问题探讨

本文通过对医疗纠纷行政调解制度的存废问题进行分析比较,得出行政调解比协商和诉讼等方式更适合实践应用,虽然也有不足之处,但是可以通过对制度的优化加以弥补,因此笔者倾向于医疗纠纷的行政调解,并且提出了相应的完善措施。