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11.
PICC使用过程中的异常问题及护理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
陈维燕 《山东医学高等专科学校学报》2009,31(3):172-174
目的 探讨PICC使用过程中的异常问题及护理措施,提高外周静脉置入中心静脉导管的成功率,减少术后并发症.方法 回顾性分析2007年6月~2008年11月在我科放置PICC导管的62例患者的病历资料.结果 成功置管61例,1例送管未成功.其中贵腰静脉55例,正中静脉6例,头静脉1例.发生静脉炎4 例,置入颈内静脉1例,导管部分脱出1例,导管堵塞2例.62例患者除2例危重患者非导管原因死亡外,均顺利出院或完成化疗周期,正常拔管.结论 针对PICC常见异常问题,进行预防及处理,可提高PICC的成功率,减少术后并发症. 相似文献
12.
Kathleen R. Delaney RN NP DNSc 《Journal of child and adolescent psychiatric nursing》2006,19(4):194-202
Milieu relationships provide the critical background presence to staff's attempts to motivate, regulate, and teach patients how to cope with stress. Forging a connection with hospitalized children and adolescents demands attention to how they respond to adults and engage with staff around milieu expectations. Assessment guides that deal with these issues are presented. Important aspects of children's relatedness are presented in the context of their working models of adults and the influence of these representations on their response to staff. Coping skills are explained with particular emphasis on behavioral coping strategies. Tied to the assessment process are interventions that emphasize staff's role in helping patients manage strong affects and avoid the use of nonproductive behavior regulation strategies. 相似文献
13.
Naeema Al Gasseer Elissa Dresden Gwen Brumbaugh Keeney Nicole Warren 《Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health》2004,49(Z1):7-13
Women and children bear the greatest burden in the midst of war and long‐term disasters. Complex humanitarian emergencies are characterized by social disruption, armed conflict, population displacement, collapse of public health infrastructure, and food shortages. Humanitarian assistance for refugees and internally displaced populations requires particular attention to the common issues affecting morbidity and mortality in women and infants. Gender‐based violence and reproductive health concerns are discussed within the context of populations affected by conflict and forced migration. Recommendations for midwives and women's health care providers engaging in care for women and children in complex humanitarian emergencies are discussed. 相似文献
14.
目的探讨西部少数民族儿童行为问题及其与父母养育方式的关系,为少数民族地区开展心理健康教育提供理论依据。方法采用Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)和儿童抚养行为问卷(CRPR)对415名苗族、土家族和侗族儿童进行调查。结果行为问题检出率为29.63%,其中男童为29.94%,女童为29.25%。男童检出率较高的因子为强迫、抑郁、交往不良、分裂样,女童检出率较高的因子为抑郁、分裂样强迫、多动。男童行为问题的绝大多数因子与父母的拒绝、惩罚定向呈显著的正相关,女童行为问题的多数因子与父母的拒绝呈显著正相关。结论黔东地区少数民族儿童行为问题显著高于全国水平,父母教养方式影响儿童的行为问题。 相似文献
15.
Yong Li A. John Vartanian Francis J. White Chang-Jiang Xue M. E. Wolf 《Psychopharmacology》1997,134(3):266-276
We examined the effect of 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo(f)quinoxaline (NBQX), an antagonist of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole
propionate (AMPA) subtype of glutamate receptor, on the development and expression of behavioral sensitization to amphetamine
and cocaine in rats. A single injection of NBQX (12.5 mg/kg) administered 30 min prior to cocaine during the induction phase
(days 1–5) prevented the development of cocaine sensitization, assessed by responsiveness to cocaine challenge on day 8. This
NBQX regimen did not affect development of amphetamine sensitization. Two pretreatment injections of NBQX, one 20 min before
and one 70 min after amphetamine on each day of the induction phase (days 1–6), did not affect sensitization of stereotypy
but prevented sensitization of post-stereotypy ambulatory hyperactivity (both assessed by responsiveness to amphetamine challenge
on day 8). The effect of NBQX on ambulatory sensitization was dose-dependent (attenuation with 12.5 mg/kg, complete prevention
with 25 mg/kg). In contrast to its effects on development, NBQX (25 mg/kg) did not prevent expression of sensitization to
cocaine or amphetamine. NBQX itself exerted no significant effects on locomotor activity in either drug-naive rats or rats
that had received either NBQX or amphetamine repeatedly. These findings support a requirement for AMPA receptor stimulation
in the development of locomotor sensitization to cocaine and amphetamine, but suggest a different mechanism for sensitization
of amphetamine stereotypy.
Received: 14 January 1997 / Final version: 24 June 1997 相似文献
16.
The effects of bilateral nucleus accumbens microinjections ofd-ala-met-enkephalinamide (DALA) were assessed in behavioral activation and lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation (LHSS) rate-frequency curve-shift paradigms in normal and accumbens 6-OHDA (4.0 µg) treated rats. Microinjections of DALA (2.5 µg/µl) in the behavioral activation paradigm had little effect on normal activity; however, DALA administered to 6-OHDA treated rats produced a significant overall increase in locomotion. The 6-OHDA DALA-induced locomotion effect peaked at 2 weeks after 6-OHDA treatment and then returned to baseline levels by week 5 posttreatment. Using LHSS, DALA tested over a range of doses (2.5, 5, 10, 20 µg/µl) displayed a weak biphasic reward effect only at the highest dose, which was characterized by an initial suppression followed by an elevation. DALA significantly depressed initial operant motor/performance in LHSS in a dose dependent fashion. Micro-injections of the normally ineffective low dose of DALA (2.5 µg/µl) following accumbens 6-OHDA treatment produced a significant LHSS reward decrease 2 weeks posttreatment, while LHSS motor/performance was relatively unaffected. Results are discussed in terms of opiate-dopamine and limbic-motor interactions. 相似文献
17.
This experiment was undertaken to provide a pharmacological characterization of performance on a task involving food-related instrumental and consummatory behavior. Rats were tested in an operant chamber in which there was a choice between pressing a lever to receive a preferred food (Bioserve pellets) or approaching and consuming a less-preferred food (Lab Chow). The lever pressing schedule was a fixed ratio 5 (FR5). Rats usually pressed the lever at high rates to obtain the preferred food, and typically ate little of the lab chow even though it was freely available in the chamber concurrently with the lever pressing schedule. Previous work has shown that injection of dopamine (DA) antagonists, or depletion of DA in the nucleus accumbens, caused a substantial shift in behavior such that lever pressing was reduced but chow consumption increased. In the present study it was shown that the DA antagonist haloperidol decreased lever pressing and increased chow consumption at doses of 0.1 and 0.15 mg/kg. The D1 antagonist SCH 23390 (0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 mg/kg) and the non-selective DA antagonistcis-flupenthixol (0.3 and 0.45 mg/kg) decreased lever pressing and produced substantial increases in chow consumption. The D2 antagonist sulpiride decreased lever pressing, but produced only slight increases in chow intake at the highest dose. Pentobarbital reduced lever pressing and increased chow consumption at 10.0 mg/kg. The muscarinic agonist pilocarpine produced dose-related decreases in lever pressing, but failed to increase chow consumption. Amphetamine produced dose-related decreases in both lever pressing and chow consumption. These results indicate that low/moderate doses of the DA antagonists haloperidol,cis-flupenthixol and SCH 23390 can suppress lever pressing in doses that leave the animal directed towards food acquisition and consumption. 相似文献
18.
Hiroshi Ujike Kazuo Tsuchida Kazufumi Akiyama Yutaka Fujiwara Shigetoshi Kuroda 《Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior》1995,50(4):613-617
The ontogeny of the behavioral effects of acute cocaine administration and behavioral sensitization to cocaine in rat pups was investigated. Acute behavior stimulating effects of cocaine were observed in pups as young as 7 postnatal days (PND) old, although they needed a higher dose of cocaine than adult rats to evoke the same motor effects. An adult dose-response curve pattern of stereotypy and locomotion to acute cocaine treatment was observed at PND 21, and of rearing at PND 28. Rats aged PND 7, 14, 21, 28, and 56 received repeated injections of saline or cocaine (15 mg/kg) twice a day for 5 consecutive days. After a 3-week period of abstinence, sensitization to a challenge dose of cocaine was assessed. Cocaine-induced stereotyped behavior was enhanced significantly only in rats in which cocaine pretreatment was initiated on PND 21, 28, and 56, but not earlier on PND 7 and 14. Adult female rats given repeated cocaine injections on PND 56–60 showed significantly greater sensitization than males, but no such sex difference was observed in pups given cocaine repeatedly on PND 21–25 or 28–32. These results show clearly that cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization in rats occurred only when subchronic cocaine administration was commenced on PND 21 or later. 相似文献
19.
Within triads of male Wistar rats, some animals almost completely abstain from competition for palatable sucrose pellets (so-called poor-performing rats), whereas other rats consistently win the competition (so-called high-performing rats). Subchronic (5 mg/kg; 5 consecutive days), but not acute (0.1–20 mg/kg), treatment with chlordiazepoxide temporarily helped poor-performing rats to behave more competitively. This finding, considered together with parallel studies (using high-performing rats), suggested that chloridazepoxide's beneficial effect was only demonstrable when the poor-performing rats had become tolerant to the drug's initial sedative effect. 相似文献
20.
精神分裂症子女的行为问题及相关因素分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的 探讨精神分裂症子女的行为问题及相关因素。方法 以Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)为工具,对260名精神分裂症患者的子女(研究组)行为问题及其影响因素进行调查,并与正常健康者的子女(对照组)进行对照。结果 精神分裂症子女行为问题检出率为31.2%。显著高于对照组的12.3%;其主要影响因素为儿童健康状况差、孕产期不利因素、家庭教育方式不当、亲子关系差、居住地社会风气差和学习成绩差。结论 精神分裂症子女的行为问题发生率较高,为生物、心理及社会因素共同作用的结果,并需全面干预。 相似文献