Contractile activity of neonatal heart cells in culture derived from offspring of exercised pregnant rats

Summary 5-day-old neonatal offspring of exercised or non-exercised pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were used to prepare primary cultures of beating myocardial cells. The cells from the exercise group exhibited a slower beating rate for both single and aggregate cells; a larger cell size; an increased percentage of contracting cells; a greater capacity to form confluent monolayers, and a greater viability. It was concluded that exercise during the period of pregnancy produced morphological alterations in the myocardium of the progeny.     

How communication about risk and role affects women’s decisions about birth after caesarean

Objective

This study investigated how health care provider communication of risk information, and women’s role in decision-making, influenced women’s preferences for mode of birth after a previous caesarean birth.

肿瘤坏死因子 α抑制剂对妊娠的影响

 肿瘤坏死因子 α（TNF-α）是类风湿关节炎（RA）发病和维持关节慢性滑膜炎症反应的最重要的致炎性细胞因子之一，它在 T 细胞依赖的炎症性肠病（IBD）发病机制中也起着十分重要的致炎作用。大量临床研究证实，TNF-α抑制剂（TNFAI）可改善 RA 患者关节功能，减少 RA临床活动性，并延缓关节损坏的进展^[1]。各种 TNFAI 也逐渐用于治疗其他风湿性疾病，如银屑病、幼年特发性关节炎、强直性脊柱炎等。某些 TNFAI 被证明对难治性 IBD 有效。目前经美国 FDA 批准上市的 TNFAI 类药物共有 3 种，它们是依那西普（Etanercept，商品名Enbrel），英利西单抗（Infliximab，商品名 Remicade）和阿达木单抗（Adalimumab，商品名Humira）。依那西普是 II 型TNF受体（TNFR-II）与 IgG1-Fc 的融合蛋白，用药方式为皮下注射。英利西单抗是由人 IgG1-Fc 和鼠 Ig 可变区组成的嵌合体 TNF-α 单抗，阿达木单抗是人源 IgG1 型 TNF-α 单抗，这2 种药物均经静脉注射给药[1]。TNFAI的主要不良反应有注射部位反应、感染、肿瘤、淋巴增殖性疾病、神经脱髓鞘病变以及狼疮样综合征^[1]。由于风湿性疾病多累及生育年龄女性，同时以 TNFAI 为代表的生物制剂应用越来越广泛，TNFAI 对妊娠是否有影响日益受到临床关注。我们复习了2007 年 2 月1日以前 PubMed 中关于上述 3 种 TNFAI对妊娠影响的临床观察文献，现综述如下。......     

颈交感神经干离断对妊高征大鼠胎盘NO含量及NOS基因表达的影响

目的：观察颈交感神经干离断（TCST）对妊高征（PIH）大鼠胎盘一氧化氮（NO）含量及内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)基因表达的影响。方法:妊娠大鼠随机分5组,每组15只。对照组（C）：自妊娠14 d开始皮下注射生理盐水至孕20 d;妊高征1组、2组（H1、H2）：自妊娠14 d开始皮下注射L-NAME分别为125 mg·kg-1·d-1和62.5 mg·kg-1·d-1，至孕20 d；手术组（O）：妊娠第14 d行右TCST，余同B1;假手术组（S）：妊娠第14 d行右颈交感神经干分离，但不离断，余同 H1。孕21 d剖宫取仔。观察孕鼠血压、尿蛋白，胎鼠的大小、体重、畸形率、死亡率，胎盘NO含量、eNOS mRNA、iNOS mRNA表达。结果:（1） 血压、尿蛋白除基础值外H1、H2组各时点值明显高于C组(P<0.01)；H2组明显低于H1组(P<0.01)；O组与C组相比差异无显著(P>0.05)。（2）胎鼠体重、大小 H1、H2组明显低于C组（P<0.01）；H1组明显低于H2组（P<0.05，P<0.01）;O组与C组相比差异无显著(P>0.05)。死亡率、畸形率变化与上述指标相反。（3）胎盘NO含量及eNOS mRNA、iNOS mRNA表达 H1、H2组明显低于C组（P<0.01）；H1组明显低于H2组（P<0.01，P<0.05）;O组明显高于H1组 （P<0.01），且与C组比无显著差异（P>0.05）。结论：TCST可保护孕鼠免受妊高征的影响，可能与其具有改善孕鼠胎盘组织eNOS mRNA、iNOS mRNA表达和NO含量有关。     

The distribution of fetal nuchal translucency thickness in normal Korean fetuses

The aim of present study was to establish normative data for the distribution of nuchal translucency (NT) thickness in normal Korean fetuses. The data were collected from pregnant women with singleton pregnancies in whom fetal ultrasound was performed and the fetal NT thickness was measured between 11 and 14 weeks of gestation. Among them, a total of 2,577 fetuses with a known normal outcome were included in this study. The distribution of multiple of median (MoM) values of the NT thickness with crown-rump length (CRL) in 10-mm intervals and the 95th percentile of MoM were calculated with the linear regression method. The present study showed that NT measurements increase with increasing CRL and a false positive rate increases with increasing gestational age. Therefore, a fixed cut-off point through the first trimester was not appropriate and each NT measurement should be examined according to the gestational age. The present study offers normative data of the fetal NT thickness in a Korean population, which can be used as reference for screening chromosomal aberrations or other congenital abnormalities in the first trimester.     

Fas在妊娠过程中表达变化的研究

目的探讨Fas在正常妊娠过程及妊娠期高血压疾病(HDCP)中的表达变化及意义。方法分别选取正常妊娠早期和晚期及HDCP胎盘绒毛组织。采用免疫组织化学方法检测Fas表达,并用高清晰彩色病理图像分析系统对其表达进行分析。结果Fas在妊娠早期胎盘组织中极少表达,妊娠晚期胎盘组织中表达增高。HDCP胎盘组织中Fas表达明显升高,与前两组比较差异有极显著性(P<0.01)。结论孕早期滋养细胞表面Fas表达在母胎免疫耐受中发挥重要作用,孕晚期Fas表达增加可能是引起HDCP的原因之一。     

宫腔内人工授精HCG注射日血清雌孕激素比值、子宫内膜类型及厚度对妊娠的影响

目的探讨宫腔内人工授精HCG注射日血清雌孕激素比值、子宫内膜类型及厚度对妊娠的影响。方法分析了338例经促排卵后行人工授精治疗的患者注射HCG日雌孕激素的比值和子宫内膜的厚度、超声类型及妊娠结局。结果 338倒患者中,P／E2比值为0．5-2．0组临床妊娠率为30．05％,与<0．5组及>2．0组比较,均有显著性差异(P< 0．005);子宫内膜厚度为8-12mm组临床妊娠率为25．93％,分剐与<8mm组及>12mm组比较,均有显著性差异(P< 0．005和P<0．05);子宫内膜类型为A型组临床妊娠率为21．45％,分别与B型组及C型组比较,A、B两组无显著性差异(P>0．05),A、C两组有显著性差异(P<0．05)。结论在IUI治疗当中,特别是应用促排卵的IUI治疗中,围排卵期适宜的雌孕激素协同作用和子宫内膜厚度及类型对妊娠率的提高有重要意义。     

An Animal Model for the Study of the Function of Pregnancy-Specific Beta1 Glycoprotein and Pregnancy Zone Protein: A Review*

ABSTRACT: Two pregnancy-associated murine proteins, PAMP-1 and PAMP-2, have been found to be immunologically cross-reacting analogues to the human proteins pregnancy zone protein (PZP) and pregnancy-specific beta₁-glycoprotien (SP-1), respectively. In this study, the physiochemical and biological properties of the proteins are compared and the effect on pregnancy of administration of monospecific antibodies against the proteins is reported.     

妊娠高血压患者血浆中降钙素基因相关肽的测定及其临床意义

本文测定了３０例正常育龄妇女，２８例正常妊娠以及３６例妊娠征患者血浆中降钙素基因相关肽的水平，结果发现，轻度妊高生与正常妊娠相比，血浆中ＣＧＲＰＫ是有下降但不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５）。中重度妊高征与正常妊娠相比，差异有非常显著性，因此推测，妊娠状态下血浆中降钙素基因相关肽的减少可能是妊娠高血压症产生的重要原因之一。