Health and social situation of adolescents in Hanoi,Vietnam

Abstract

Primary education in Vietnam is free and compulsory for five years. The majority of school-aged children continue into lower secondary school, but significant numbers drop out. This study investigated the health and social situation of adolescents aged 11–16 years (between primary education and legal employment age) to compare the situation of adolescents in school with those working, including possible gender differences. The data were collected by questionnaire on a randomly selected sample of adolescents, aged 11–16 years, living in Hanoi. A total of 1547 adolescents were interviewed. Adolescents from Hanoi were healthy, continuing their education, lived with parents, and only a few reported behaviour detrimental to their health. They knew about HIV, but their knowledge about prevention was poor. The working adolescents had moved to Hanoi to earn an income. The girls were staying mainly with relatives, while the boys lived with employers or in rented rooms. Very few were homeless and these were exposed to more risks to their health due to a more risky lifestyle and less knowledge about HIV prevention. For urban adolescents, their right to education, basic health and to be cared for by their parents was fulfilled. More of the rural adolescents had left school early, were responsible for their own daily life and were exposed to greater risks and a more risky lifestyle. The living and working conditions of these rural adolescents need further investigation and action to ensure their rights to welfare, development and health are met.     

What are the risks and knowledge deficits for prescribing and administering opioids in the ward environment? A quality project on assessing and improving knowledge

Investigations into Medical Emergency Team (MET) calls and related clinical incident reviews at a large district teaching hospital provided evidence that over sedation can be a significant issue post opioid administration and that safe and effective pain management requires accurate opioid knowledge and patient assessment skills.The aim of the study was to develop education that was directed at identified knowledge deficits, and to evaluate the impact of this tailored education program on knowledge of safe prescribing and administration of opioids.Knowledge levels were explored using a structured questionnaire in a pre and post-test design. A convenience sample of 34 nurses and 5 junior medical officers across three surgical wards in a tertiary referral hospital had their knowledge assessed.Results showed significant improvement when repeat questionnaires were given two weeks post-delivery of education. Mean scores were 68% at baseline and 89% two weeks post completion of the education program. The greatest improvement in scores was recorded for drug knowledge including dose, half-life and administration.The findings from this study suggest that the opioid education program is effective in improving the knowledge of safe prescribing and administration of opioids, however further studies are required.     

Update on nonoxynol-9 as vaginal spermicide

Nonoxynol-9 (N-9) is a typical surfactant. For more than 30 years that very property of N-9 has been successfully exploited for its spermicidal action. It is available as an over-the-counter, locally acting vaginal spermicide. The suitability of N-9 as a spermicide is elaborated in this article. The reasons why N-9 may fail as a contraceptive are discussed. In spite of many drawbacks, which are mentioned in the article, N-9 is still often resorted to as a locally acting contraceptive. The review ends with suggestions to alter the molecular structure of N-9 and to adjust the dosages.     

泰州市居民健康知识与行为素养水平分离情况的分析

目的 分析健康知识与健康行为相分离的影响因素,为制订科学的健康干预措施提供依据.方法 采用多阶段分层抽样及统一的调查问卷,于2013年9 ～10月对15～ 69周岁居民进行健康素养监测现场调查.结果 共调查了3 975人,有效样本数3 809份,样本回收率95.8％,其中筛选出知行分离768人(21.16％),知行统一241人(6.32％),单因素分析显示,知行分离比例在不同地区、学历、职业及具备不同纬度健康素养水平的人群分布中差异有统计学意义(均有P＜0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析显示,综合健康素养水平、传染病预防素养水平、慢性病预防素养水平、基本医疗素养水平为影响知行分离的主要影响因素.结论 知行分离现象在各类人群中普遍存在,健康素养水平的提高对人群知行分离的减少具有重要作用,将健康素养作为健康教育与健康促进工作的重点是有效的,也是非常必要的.     

Re-Evaluating the Medical Risk of Late Childbearing

A critical review of the scientific literature linking advanced maternal age to eight adverse pregnancy outcomes commonly believed to increase with advancing age revealed little support for the pessimistic medical view that late childbearing is necessarily riskier. Most studies (61% of the 104 studies reviewed) were seriously flawed methodologically, primarily by confounding age with other factors; many reached conclusions without statistical verification (29% of the studies reviewed). Results concerning the advantages or disadvantages of late childbearing were inconsistent as well. Evidence from the sound research studies strongly suggests that many of the adverse outcomes found by some researchers to increase at an older maternal age may be reflecting the particular circumstances surrounding late childbearing (altered medical management. pre-existing diseases, subfertility , unplanned pregnancy, high parity birth) rather than a biological condition of aging. Further research must move away from looking at maternal age as an isolated variable because of the temptation to impute causality to the factor when other associated factors are not controlled. A better understanding of the reproductive aging process is urgently needed.     

标准化病人教学视频联合PCMC教学模式在感染科的应用

目的探讨标准化病人教学视频联合问题导向临床医学教学模式(PCMC)在感染科护理教学中的应用。方法于2018年9月—2019年1月将学校2017级42~47六个班级共计60名学生作为研究对象,42~44班为观察组(n=30),45~47班为对照组(n=30)。对照组采用标准化病人教学视频教学,观察组在上述教学模式基础上增加使用PCMC教学模式,比较两组最终考核成绩及教学满意度。结果观察组理论知识考核成绩及专业技能考核成绩均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组教学满意度比对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论标准化病人教学视频联合PCMC教学模式可显著提高感染科学生理论知识及专业技能成绩,提升教学满意度。     

医学实验室结果审核和解释系统的设计与实现

智能化是实验室信息系统发展的重要方向。开发医学实验室结果审核和解释系统，可提高实验室的工作效率和质量，并提供检验结果解释和咨询服务。该系统利用基于规则的专家系统实现对检验结果的审核及解释，通过差值校验、比值校验、界限校验、患者数据质控等专用算法来提高审核质量。系统设计了审核和解释的绝大部分规则的通用推理机，能同时进行多个患者结果的推理运算，可用于临床辅助医学决策。     

Relationships between HIV testing,knowledge, and stigma among men: Reports from Belarus,Moldova, and Ukraine

A surge in heterosexual transmission of HIV among men in post-Soviet countries prompts the need to understand the determinants of HIV testing in the region. Survey data from Belarus (n?=?2,769), Moldova (n?=?1,545), and Ukraine (n?=?3,620) were used to assess an influence of psychosocial determinants on testing among men. A mediation analysis for binary outcomes was used to assess effects of knowledge and stigma on testing. While knowledge had a positive influence on testing in each country, an indirect influence of knowledge through stigma was unique for each country. Implications for interventions and social work are discussed in the light of findings.