姜黄素与索拉非尼联合对人肾癌细胞株786-O增殖抑制作用的体外研究

目的：研究姜黄素和索拉非尼联合应用对人肾癌786-O 细胞株增殖的影响。方法采用 MTT 法观察姜黄素和索拉非尼对人肾癌细胞786-O 细胞株的抑制作用。结果姜黄素及索拉非尼能抑制人肾癌786-O 细胞株的增殖,并呈浓度及时间依赖性,两者作用人肾癌786-O 细胞株48 h 的半数抑制浓度（ IC50）分别为29.2μmol/ L、6.5μmol/ L。姜黄素6.25μmol/ L、12.5μmol/ L、25μmol/ L、50μmol/ L 与索拉非尼1.5μmol/ L、3μmol/ L、6μmol/ L、12μmol/ L、联合24 h、48 h、72 h 的抑制率显著高于单用索拉非尼、姜黄素组（ P ﹤0.05）。结论姜黄素在体外对人肾癌786-O 细胞株的增殖有明显的抑制作用,能提高索拉非尼对人肾癌786-O 细胞株的敏感性。     

Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with drug-eluting beads plus lenvatinib versus sorafenib,a propensity score matching retrospective study

Recently, a prospective randomized study suggested that transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus lenvatinib, as opposed to TACE plus sorafenib, was an effective and promising treatment for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) having portal vein thrombus (PVTT) and large tumor burden. However, no propensity score matching retrospective studies on TACE with drug-eluting beads (DEB-TACE) plus lenvatinib (DEB-TACE+LEN) versus DEB-TACE plus sorafenib (DEB-TACE+SOR) for advanced HCC has been reported to date. The medical records of consecutive patients with advanced HCC who underwent DEB-TACE+LEN or DEB-TACE+SOR between January 2017 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Mutation genes (VEGF, ANG2, FGF19, FGF21, and FGF23) were measured by whole-exome sequencing (WES). Adverse events (AEs), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS) and time to progression (TTP) were compared between patients who underwent DEB-TACE+LEN and DEB-TACE+SOR. In total, 150 patients were enrolled in this study. The DEB-TACE+LEN group (n=50) showed significantly better ORR (64.0% vs. 33.3%; P=0.008), OS (hazard ratio [HR]=0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.41-0.98; P=0.043), and TTP (HR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.45-0.94; P=0.023) than that in the DEB-TACE+SOR group (n=100). Subgroup analyses showed that in patients with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT), OS and TTP were significantly longer in the DEB-TACE+LEN group than in the DEB-TACE+SOR group (HR=0.59, 95% CI: 0.36-0.98; P=0.043; HR=0.89, 95% CI: 0.35-2.29; P=0.035). In patients with FGF21 amplification, OS was also significantly longer in the DEB-TACE+LEN group than that in the DEB-TACE+SOR group (HR=0.19, 95% CI: 0.06-0.66; P=0.003). The patients in DEB-TACE+LEN group had a significantly lower incidence of hand-foot skin reaction (32.0% vs. 49.0%; P=0.048), but a higher incidence of proteinuria (26.0% vs. 10.0%; P=0.010) than that in the DEB-TACE+SOR group. In conclusion, DEB-TACE+LEN conferred better ORR, OS and TTP than did DEB-TACE+SOR in patients with advanced HCC, especially those with PVTT and FGF21 amplification, with acceptable AEs; thus making it a superior treatment modality for these patients.     

索拉菲尼对原发性肝癌术后患者疗效的系统评价

目的:系统评价索拉菲尼对原发性肝癌切除术后患者的疗效。方法:在Medline、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国知网（CNKI）数据库、万方数据库、中国生物医学数据库（CBM）检索有关索拉菲尼对原发性肝癌患者术后辅助治疗效果,主要观察目标为总生存期,次要观察目标为肿瘤复发率和死亡率。结果:索拉非尼治疗组与对照组比较,总生存率无显着性差异（HR=1.39,95％CI:0.71~2.74,P=0.34）;复发率无显著性差异（RR=0.81,95％CI:0.65~1.01,P=0.06）。随即我们根据文献类型,将研究分为试验性研究和观察性研究两个亚组来分析患者死亡率,发现临床试验组中肝癌术后接受索拉菲尼治疗的患者死亡率虽然降低但无统计学意义（P=0.45）,而在观察研究组中是具有统计学意义的（RR=0.66,95％CI:0.51~0.87,P=0.003）。结论:对于肝癌术后患者索拉菲尼并不能提高患者总生存期,也不能降低肿瘤复发率,但亚组分析中可以降低患者的死亡率。因此索拉非尼是否是原发性肝癌切除后患者有效的辅助治疗手段,目前仍缺乏足够证据。     

Sorafenib and dacarbazine as first-line therapy for advanced melanoma: phase I and open-label phase II studies

Method:

The safety of oral sorafenib up to a maximum protocol-specified dose combined with dacarbazine in patients with metastatic, histologically confirmed melanoma was investigated in a phase I dose-escalation study and the activity of the combination was explored in an open-label phase II study.

Results:

In the phase I study, three patients were treated with sorafenib 200 mg twice daily (b.i.d.) plus 1000 mg m⁻² dacarbazine on day 1 of a 21-day cycle and 15 patients had the sorafenib dose escalated to 400 mg b.i.d. without reaching the maximum tolerated dose of the combination. In the phase II study (n=83), the overall response rate was 12% (95% CI: 6, 21): one complete and nine partial, with median response duration of 46.7 weeks. Stable disease was the best response in 37% median duration was 13.3 weeks. Median overall survival (OS) was 37.0 weeks (95% CI: 33.9, 46.0).

Conclusion:

Oral sorafenib combined with dacarbazine had acceptable toxicity and some antineoplastic activity against metastatic melanoma.     

Contribution of microCT structural imaging to preclinical evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma chemotherapeutics on orthotopic graft in ACI rats

Animal experimentation is a prerequisite for preclinical evaluation of treatments such as chemotherapy. It's strictly regulated with the purpose of reducing the number of experimental animal as well as their pain. Small animal imaging should provide a painless longitudinal follow up of tumor progression on a single animal. The aim of the study is to validate small animal imaging by microscanner (μscan) in longitudinal follow up of a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to demonstrate its interest for in vivo evaluation of tumor response to different therapeutics. An HCC model achieved by orthotopic graft of the MH3924A cell line in ACI rats was followed using a Imtek/Siemens microscanner (μscan) with contrast agents (Fenestra^® LC/VC). The procedures giving the optimal enhancement of the liver as well as a reliable determination of tumor volumes by μscan were validated. Three protocols for therapeutic assessment through μscan longitudinal follow up were performed. Each consisted in three groups testing a chemotherapy (gemcitabine, gemcitabine-oxaliplatine or sorafenib) versus two control groups (placebo and doxorubicine). Comparison was done on tumor volumes, median and actual survivals. There was a significant correlation between tumor volumes measured by μscan and autopsy. Treatment by sorafenib, at the contrary of gemcitabine alone or with oxaliplatine, resulted in a significant reduction in tumor volumes and prolongation of actuarial survival. These results are consistent with available clinical data for these diverse therapeutics. In conclusion, small animal imaging with μscan is a non-invasive, reliable, and reproducible method for preclinical evaluation of antitumor agents.