从卫生服务供方意向调查的变迁看中医发展危机

为了进一步了解中医的发展状况，通过对2008年与2000年样本地区卫生服务供方的意向调查数据的比较，分析卫生服务供方对中医信仰的变迁。研究发现，卫生服务供方对中医信仰进一步降低，中医成为西医的简单补充。在这种情况下，如何把握中医特色，创新诊疗手段，总结推广中医特效治疗种类和范围，推广适宜技术等尤为重要，逐步提高卫生服务供方对于中医的支持和认可。     

Children and Digital Wellbeing in Australia: Online regulation,conduct and competence

This article contributes to the study of children and the internet by reporting on findings from an ethnographic study of children's online use, experience and regulation in Melbourne, Australia. As part of a social inclusion study of technology use, we worked with children and their families in the contexts of everyday and home internet use. This article begins by identifying age-related gaps in the literature on children's online risks, and then moves on to a discussion of the research findings relating to children's online mediation, conduct and competence. By developing a concept of digital wellbeing the article argues that rather than focus only on risk protection measures, it is important to equip children with the knowledge and skills to be active, ethical and critical participants online.     

Trends in adolescent alcohol use in the Netherlands, 1992–2015: Differences across sociodemographic groups and links with strict parental rule-setting

BackgroundFrom an international perspective, studying trends in adolescent alcohol use in the Netherlands is an important case study. Whereas Dutch adolescents topped the international rankings of alcohol consumption in the beginning of this century, they are nowadays found more toward the bottom of these rankings. This study examines time trends in adolescent alcohol use between 1992 and 2015, and tests whether these trends differ according to gender, age group, and educational track. Moreover, it examines to what extent the strictness of parental rule-setting can explain the identified trends.MethodsUsing data from ten waves of two nationally representative studies with a repeated cross-sectional design, trends were examined for eight different alcohol measures. Interaction analyses were conducted to test for subgroup differences. All analyses were controlled for educational track, family structure, and ethnicity. For the period 2007–2015, trends in parental alcohol-specific rule-setting were included as a predictor of the trends in adolescent alcohol use.ResultsAdolescent alcohol use increased substantially between 1992 and 2003, and decreased sharply thereafter. Trends were stronger for 12- to 15-year olds, compared to the 16-year olds, and for adolescents attending higher educational tracks, compared to adolescents attending lower educational tracks. Overall, gender differences remained constant over time. Between 2007 and 2015, strict parental alcohol-specific rule-setting increased substantially, and this (partly) explained the strong decline in adolescent alcohol use during this period.ConclusionThis study shows clear time trend changes in alcohol use among Dutch adolescents. The phenomenal decrease in adolescent alcohol use since 2003 appears to be closely related to a radical change in parenting behaviours surrounding the alcohol use of their children. While national prevention programs may have encouraged stricter parenting behaviours, the decline in alcohol use should be interpreted in a broader context of internationally changing sociocultural norms regarding adolescent alcohol use.     

Substance use and misuse in a mountain ultramarathon: new insight into ultrarunners population?

Endurance and ultra-endurance events have become increasingly popular. The aim of our study was to explore the use of medication among endurance runners participating in the 2014 Infernal Trail des Vosges. Among the 389 runners engaged, 297 (76.3%) completed a specific questionnaire dealing with substance use/misuse. Our results show a 27% (before the race) and 18% (during the race) prevalence of substance use. The two major classes of substances used were non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs; 9.8%) and painkillers (6.7%), principally because of osteo-articular pain (29.6%) or to prevent pain (28.2%). A positive correlation was found between substance consumption before (past month) and during the race (overall medication: p < 0.0001; NSAIDs: p = 0.008). Our results could be explained by the specific characteristics of ultrarunners predominantly motivated by personal achievement and general health (recreational approach). However, education interventions should further be delivered regarding the risks of substance use in ultra-endurance events.     

Parental influence on academic achievement among the primary school students in Trinidad

The present study examined the level of parental influence on academic achievement in primary school students who prepare for the National-level test at standard five (grade 6), Secondary Entrance Examinations in Trinidad. A sample of 128 students studying standard five from primary schools was randomly selected. The data were analysed using SPSS. The findings of the study revealed that regardless of parental educational status, all parents try to influence their children to study well. The results showed that there was a positive influence on academic achievement in students. The findings of the study were discussed and implications for future research have been proposed. The study highlighted several recommendations to mitigate the effects of academic anxiety and suggested some measures to be taken by the parents, teachers, peers and social workers to successfully navigate this phase of life marked by transition and search for identity.     

嘉定某村女性乳腺保健知识、态度、行为调查

目的：了解农村地区女性乳腺保健知识、态度和行为状况。方法：2012年12月采用问卷调查方式对华亭镇某村501名20～74岁女性进行乳腺保健知识的调查分析。结果：12道乳腺疾病知识题回答正确率最高为73.65%,最低为6.79%。26.35%被调查者曾接受乳腺保健知识培训。在过去一年里，有38.12%的被调查者曾行乳腺自查，67.47%的被调查者持积极对待乳腺自我检查。结论：采取适合农村地区健康教育形式开展乳腺健康宣教，加强指导农村妇女开展乳腺自查，促进形成健康行为。     

家庭医师责任制结合健康教育对提高地中海贫血筛查依从性的探讨

目的 探讨家庭医师责任制结合知信行教育对提高地中海贫血筛查阳性孕妇之丈夫(简称“地贫孕阳丈夫”)行地贫筛查依从性的影响。方法 选择 2018年10月－2019年10月某街道卫生服务中心辖区内地贫孕阳丈夫100例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,各50例,对照组进行常规健康宣教,研究组进行家庭医师责任制结合知信行教育模式宣教。对比分析两种健康教育模式下的地贫孕阳丈夫行地贫筛查依从性的影响。结果 干预前两组地贫孕阳丈夫对地贫的相关知识、健康信念和依从性比较差异无统计学意义(P值均 ＞0.05)。进行干预后,研究组地贫的相关知识得分为(19.46±2.23)分、健康信念得分为(16.32±1.70)分、行为依从性为88%,均高于对照组的(14.62±3.20)分、(16.32±1.70)分、72%,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为-8.77,-6.52,χ2=10.8,P值均＜0.05)。结论 将家庭医师服务结合知信行教育模式应用于地贫防控工作中,可有效提高地贫孕阳丈夫筛查依从性。