革兰阴性杆菌诱导型β-内酰胺酶测定及耐药性分析

对174株革兰阴性杆菌进行诱导型β－内酰胺酶的测定和耐药性分析,结果产诱导型β－内酰胺酶细菌65株（37．4％）,其中铜绿假单胞菌,嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌,阴沟肠杆菌,弗旁地枸橼酸杆菌检出率最高,分别为60．0％,60．0％,53．8％,50．0％,产诱导型β－内酰胺酶细菌对第一代,第二代头孢菌素有较高耐药性,对第三代头孢菌素和氨基糖甙类,喹喏酮类耐药率较低,产酶株与非产酶耐药率很接近。提示常规药敏试验未能真正反映细菌耐药情况,诱导型β－内酰胺酶的检测可以补充常规药敏的不足。     

中国地鼠情绪唤醒水平评定量表的制定

为建立一套适合于中国地鼠情绪唤醒水平观测的评定方法,并验证其可靠性,在Ａｄｅｒ 情绪唤醒评定方法基础上进行修订,对中国地鼠进行试测,建立情绪唤醒水平划界分。结果显示总分以５ 分为界,能区分高／ 低情绪唤醒水平的中国地鼠;条目与量表总分呈中高度相关（ ｒ ＝ ０ ．３２６８ ～０ ．７３４７） ,量表总分重测信度良好（ ｒ ＝ ０ ．５８７４ ～０ ．６１０５） ,评定者评分一致性高,符合率达９５－２ ％     

Preparation and local anaesthetic activity of benzotriazinone and benzoyltriazole derivatives

Two sets of benzotriazinone and benzoyltriazole derivatives were prepared and tested for local anaesthetic activity in comparison with lidocaine. Several of the prepared compounds exhibited a fairly good activity comparable or superior to that of lidocaine. The presence of a benzotriazinone or a benzoyltriazole moiety as an aromatic system was quite profitable for both the intensity and duration of activity. The acute toxicity in mice of the four most potent compounds of the series was also assessed. Compound 1b, which has an anaesthetic activity comparable to that of lidocaine, was also characterized by a more favourable therapeutic index. All compounds were tested in vitro to evaluate their negative chronotropic action in isolated rat right atria.     

Effect of age on the prejunctional α-adrenoceptor-mediated feedback in the heart of spontaneously hypertensive rats and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats

Summary The prejunctional ₂-adrenoceptor-mediated feed-back in the heart of pithed young and adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and corresponding normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) was studied. After electrical stimulation of the sympathetic outflow from the spinal cord to the heart, B-HT 920 induced an inhibition of the cardiac response, which was significant at stimulation frequencies up to 1 Hz in young SHR and WKY and up to 2 Hz in the adult animals. Rauwolscine produced a potentiation of the cardiac response to electrical stimulation in SHR, which was significant from 0.2–10 Hz in young SHR and from 0.1–10 Hz in adult SHR. In young WKY, rauwolscine did not potentiate the increase in heart rate to sympathetic nerve stimulation, whereas in adult WKY ₂-adrenoceptor blockade by rauwolscine significantly potentiated the cardiac response to electrical stimulation at frequencies in the range of 0.2–10 Hz. In SHR the potentiation of the cardiac response to sympathetic nerve stimulation by rauwolscine was much stronger than in WKY.These results suggest that in adult animals the prejunctional ₂-adrenoceptor mediated feedback is more developed than in young rats. In contrast with young WKY, a significant endogenous feedback can be demonstrated in adult WKY. In SHR, however, the physiological role of prejunctional ₂-adrenoceptors is much more important.     

Evidence that Dopaminergic Neurons are not Involved in the Negative Feedback Effect of Testosterone on Luteinizing Hormone in Rams in the Non-Breeding Season

In this study we tested the hypothesis that the negative feedback effects by testosterone on the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) in rams involves dopaminergic afferents to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neurons operating via D(2) receptors in the non-breeding season. In the first experiment, three groups (n = 5) of rams were treated with an intravenous injection of vehicle or 10 or 20 mg of the dopaminergic D(2) antagonist pimozide and jugular venous samples were collected every 10 min for 3 h before and 3 h following treatment. The plasma was assayed for LH. Three groups of ewes (n = 4 to 5) were similarly treated. There were no significant effects of treatment of the rams with pimozide on the plasma concentrations of LH or LH pulse frequency or pulse amplitude and the response of individual rams in each group was inconsistent. In contrast, treatment of the ewes with 20 mg pimozide significantly (P<0.001) increased the mean (± SEM) plasma LH concentrations (pretreatment 0.37 ± 0.04; post-treatment 2.42±0.25 ng/ml) and decreased (P<0.001) the LH inter-pulse interval (pretreatment 180.0; post-treatment 88.0±11.1 min); the 10 mg dose of pimozide did not affect these parameters. In the second experiment, two groups of rams (n = 5) and ewes (n = 7) were treated with an intravenous injection of vehicle or 0.33 mg pimozide/kg liveweight and jugular venous samples were collected every 10 min for 2 h before and 6 h following treatment. As in the first experiment, the mean (± SEM) concentrations of plasma LH were not affected by treatment with pimozide in the rams (pretreatment 0.18 ± 0.25; post-treatment 0.43 ± 0.14 ng/ml) but were significantly (P<0.05) increased in the ewes (pretreatment 1.12±0.22; post-treatment 1.93 ± 0.23 ng/ml). In the third experiment, four adult rams were castrated and 3 weeks later each animal had two cannulae inserted to allow injection into the lateral cerebral ventricles. Vehicle or 100 μg pimozide was injected intracerebroventricularly and blood samples were collected as in the other experiments. A Latin Square design was used so that each animal received each treatment (n = 4). This procedure was repeated after the animals had been injected (intramuscularly) with 16 mg testosterone propionate twice daily for at least 7 days. Treatment with testosterone propionate significantly decreased (P < 0.001) the plasma concentrations of LH (pre-treatment 7.71±0.27; post-treatment 0.75 ± 0.27 ng/ml; mean ± SEM) and follicle-stimulating hormone (pre-treatment 79.61±8.47; post-treatment 42.53 ± 6.08 ng/ml; mean ± SEM) and increased the mean (± SEM) LH inter-pulse interval (53.14 ± 3.58 min pre-treatment and 292.5 ± 32.94 min post-treatment) but had no effect on the amplitude of LH pulses (pre-treatment 3.61 ± 0.36; post-treatment 1.86±1.76 ng; mean ± SEM). Pimozide had no effect on the plasma concentrations of gonadotrophins. These results suggest that, in the ram, dopaminergic neurons do not influence the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neurons via D(2) receptors in the non-breeding season and are not involved in the negative feedback effect of testosterone on the secretion of gonadotrophins. Conversely, our data suggest that such a mechanism is integral to the negative feedback effects of oestradiol on LH in anoestrous ewes. Finally, it also appears that the steroid-independent suppression of the secretion of gonadotrophins during the non-breeding season in rams is not mediated via D(2) receptors.     

浅析《内经》七情学说

《内经》非常重视七情对人体的影响；深入探讨《内经》七情学说，对情志所致疾病的预防和治疗具有重要的现实意义。本文从七情的生理基础、致病特点、治疗、养生等方面开展研究，并针对其面临的困境进行评述。     

E试验监测重症监护病房中400株革兰氏阴性杆菌的耐药性

目的 调查我院监护病房革兰氏阴性杆菌耐药状况及超广谱β—内酰胺酶(ESBLs)菌株的发生率，了解四年来革兰氏阴性菌对抗菌药物的耐药性变迁。方法 用E试验法测定400株革兰氏阴性杆菌对11种抗生素的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。并用头孢他啶／头孢他啶 克拉维酸E试验酶试条检阅细菌产ESBL的情况。结果 亚胺培南对所有受试菌保持最高抗菌活性，细菌耐药率仅为7．5％；头孢哌酮／舒巴坦、阿米卡星、哌拉西林／三唑巴坦、头孢吡肟和头孢他啶仍有较高抗菌活性，耐药率分别为16．0％、20．0％、22．5％、23％和26．8％；其它抗生素耐药率在42．8％—46.8％之间。用头孢他啶／头孢他啶 克拉维酸筛选大肠埃希氏菌和肺炎克雷伯氏菌ESBLs产生菌27株，检出率分别为40．9％和27．3％。体外抗菌活性最强的是亚胺培南，所有大肠埃希氏菌和肺炎克雷伯氏菌ESBLs菌株都对之敏感。含酶抑制剂抗生素哌拉西林／三唑巴坦和头孢哌酮／舒巴坦对产ESBLs株保持较高体外抗菌活性，但2001年分离菌耐药率有所增加。四年资料相比，所测细菌对头孢哌酮／舒巴坦耐药率由1998—2000年的11％—14％增加至2001年的26％，大肠埃希氏菌对环丙沙星耐药率由1998—1999年的45.2％上升至2000—2001年的79.6％，细菌对其它抗菌药物耐药率变化不大。结论 亚胺培南抑菌率最高，对ESBLs产生菌有较强的抗菌活性，而抗菌药物(尤其是加酶抑制剂抗生素和喹诺酮类药物)的滥用，已造成细菌对其耐药率升高，且对付产酶耐药株感染逐渐失去优势。     

身心综合治疗对晚期肿瘤病人负性情绪影响

[目的]探讨身心综合治疗对晚期肿瘤病人负性情绪的影响。[方法]将63名晚期肿瘤患者随机分为对照组32例和治疗组31例。对照组病人给予最佳支持治疗,以达到减轻躯体症状的目的;治疗组除给予最佳支持治疗外,还给予系统的心理治疗,方法包括:一般心理治疗方法、暗示和催眠疗法、认知行为疗法等。于初诊及治疗1个月后用症状自评量表(SCL-90)评定患者的躯体化症状和心理状况(主要评定焦虑和抑郁情绪)。应用SPSS10.0做统计分析。[结果]两组病人治疗前均有较明显的抑郁和焦虑,躯体化症状明显,但程度比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);对照组病人治疗后抑郁、焦虑和躯体化症状程度无明显变化(P>0.05);治疗组病人经身心综合治疗后,抑郁、焦虑和躯体化症状程度较治疗前明显减轻(P<0.01);两组病人治疗后抑郁、焦虑和躯体化症状的变化程度有统计学差异(P<0.01)。[结论]身心综合治疗有助于晚期肿瘤患者减轻和消除负性情绪,从而改善其生活质量。