8133例产妇医院感染临床调查分析

目的探讨产妇医院感染的临床特点及相关因素。方法对我院产科病房2010年1月至2011年5月出院的8 133例产妇发生医院感染的情况进行回顾性调查分析。结果产妇发生医院感染48例,感染发生率为0.59%;感染部位前3位是上呼吸道、下呼吸道和剖宫产切口,构成比分别为29.17%,22.91%,22.91%;剖宫产产妇医院感染发生率明显高于顺产产妇(P<0.01);有妊娠合并症的产妇医院感染发生率明显高于无合并症的产妇(P<0.01)。结论产科病房应加强空气的流通和消毒,掌握剖宫产指征,严格无菌操作,积极治疗合并症,从而降低医院感染的发生。     

高职临床医学专业基于工作过程课程体系的构建与实践

通过对河北省基层医疗机构临床医学专业人才需求的调研，对乡镇基层卫生机构医师岗位职业能力分析，并根据基层医师工作过程的实际需要，确定了相对应的教学内容，设计了“工学结合”的教学情境，构建了以工作过程为导向的课程体系，从而为培养高素质技能型临床医学专业人才提供了支持。     

Survival differences between patients with Hodgkin lymphoma treated inside and outside clinical trials. A study based on the EORTC‐Netherlands Cancer Registry linked data with 20 years of follow‐up

The survival of patients diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL ) has improved from 70% to 90% in clinical trials. However, population‐based data has shown lower survival. In this study, clinical trial data were linked with cancer registry to identify trial and non‐trial participants and differences in overall survival and associated factors were assessed. In 1986–2004, 27% of HL patients aged 15–70 years participated in clinical trials. Compared to non‐trial participants, trial participants were younger (median age, 31 vs. 34 years), had staging registered more accurately and had an 8% higher 20‐year survival rate (73% vs. 65%). After adjusting for baseline differences, no differences in survival (hazard ratio = 0·96, 95% confidence interval 0·82–1·12), or in subgroup analysis according to stage, remained. Over time, increased administration of chemotherapy in combination with radiotherapy, together with the decreased use of radiotherapy alone was observed among the trial population. This trend was later followed in non‐trial participants, coinciding with a similar ‘take‐up’ in survival. The observed superior survival among patients with HL treated in clinical trials can be largely explained by the differences in baseline characteristics, particularly younger age. High trial participation rate and centralized expertise facilitates the implementation of trial findings to real‐world practice.     

Reliability and Validity of Assessing User Satisfaction With Web-Based Health Interventions

BackgroundThe perspective of users should be taken into account in the evaluation of Web-based health interventions. Assessing the users’ satisfaction with the intervention they receive could enhance the evidence for the intervention effects. Thus, there is a need for valid and reliable measures to assess satisfaction with Web-based health interventions.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to analyze the reliability, factorial structure, and construct validity of the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire adapted to Internet-based interventions (CSQ-I).MethodsThe psychometric quality of the CSQ-I was analyzed in user samples from 2 separate randomized controlled trials evaluating Web-based health interventions, one from a depression prevention intervention (sample 1, N=174) and the other from a stress management intervention (sample 2, N=111). At first, the underlying measurement model of the CSQ-I was analyzed to determine the internal consistency. The factorial structure of the scale and the measurement invariance across groups were tested by multigroup confirmatory factor analyses. Additionally, the construct validity of the scale was examined by comparing satisfaction scores with the primary clinical outcome.ResultsMultigroup confirmatory analyses on the scale yielded a one-factorial structure with a good fit (root-mean-square error of approximation =.09, comparative fit index =.96, standardized root-mean-square residual =.05) that showed partial strong invariance across the 2 samples. The scale showed very good reliability, indicated by McDonald omegas of .95 in sample 1 and .93 in sample 2. Significant correlations with change in depressive symptoms (r=−.35, P<.001) and perceived stress (r=−.48, P<.001) demonstrated the construct validity of the scale.ConclusionsThe proven internal consistency, factorial structure, and construct validity of the CSQ-I indicate a good overall psychometric quality of the measure to assess the user’s general satisfaction with Web-based interventions for depression and stress management. Multigroup analyses indicate its robustness across different samples. Thus, the CSQ-I seems to be a suitable measure to consider the user’s perspective in the overall evaluation of Web-based health interventions.     

Valvular Heart Disease

Nurse practitioners will encounter patients with valvular heart disease (VHD) because 5 million Americans are diagnosed with VHD every year. The American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology released VHD guidelines in 2014. Once VHD is recognized, evidence-based guidelines need to be used in the management of patients with VHD. Nurse practitioners must have an understanding of the latest guidelines in order to initiate treatment, collaborate with the heart team members, and monitor and follow up on patients with VHD. Timely referral to cardiology and cardiac surgery is imperative for optimal outcomes in patients with VHD.