濮阳市1995～2004年病毒性肝炎资料分析

[目的]了解濮阳市病毒性肝炎（肝炎）的流行趋势，为防治工作提供科学依据。[方法]对濮阳市1995～2004年肝炎疫情资料进行分析。[结果]1995-2004年肝炎年均发病率为78．59／10万。甲肝发病逐年下降，近2年有上升趋势；乙肝在各型肝炎中所占比例最大，发病率呈下降趋势；甲肝发病有明显的夏秋季高峰，乙肝季节分布不明显；甲肝的年龄分布以0～20岁年龄组发病率最高，乙肝以20～45岁年龄组为主；甲肝男性年均发病率为16．84／10万，女性为7．98／10万，乙肝年均发病率为112．62／10万，女性为44．76／10万；病毒性肝炎的地区分布呈现市区高于农村。[结论]乙肝是濮阳市肝炎的防治重点，甲肝发病有增高趋势。     

Disorders characterized by predominant or exclusive dermal inflammation

Some cutaneous inflammatory disorders are typified by a predominant or exclusive localization in the dermis. They can be further subdivided by the principal cell types into lymphocytic, neutrophilic, and eosinophilic infiltrates, and mixtures of them are also seen in a proportion of cases. This review considers such conditions. Included among the lymphoid lesions are viral exanthems, pigmented purpuras, gyrate erythemas, polymorphous light eruption, lupus tumidus, and cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia. Neutrophilic infiltrates are represented by infections, Sweet syndrome, pyoderma gangrenosum, and hidradenitis suppurativa, as well as a group of so-called “autoinflammatory” dermatitides comprising polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Eosinophil-dominated lesions include arthropod bite reactions, cutaneous parasitic infestations, the urticarial phase of bullous pemphigoid, Wells syndrome (eosinophilic cellulitis), hypereosinophilic syndrome, and Churg-Strauss disease. In other conditions, eosinophils are admixed with neutrophils in the corium, with or without small-vessel vasculitis. Exemplary disorders with those patterns include drug eruptions, chronic idiopathic urticaria, urticarial vasculitis, granuloma faciale, and Schnitzler syndrome (chronic urticarial with a monoclonal gammopathy).     

Gastrointestinal radiation injury:Symptoms,risk factors and mechanisms

Ionising radiation therapy is a common treatment modality for different types of cancer and its use is expected to increase with advances in screening and early detection of cancer.Radiation injury to the gastrointestinal tract is important factor working against better utility of this important therapeutic modality.Cancer survivors can suffer a wide variety of acute and chronic symptoms following radiotherapy,which significantly reduces their quality of life as well as adding an extra burden to the cost of health care.The accurate diagnosis and treatment of intestinal radiation injury often represents a clinical challenge to practicing physicians in both gastroenterology and oncology.Despite the growing recognition of the problem and some advances in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of radiation injury,relatively little is known about the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal radiation injury or any possible susceptibility factors that could aggravate its severity.The aims of this review are to examine the various clinical manifestations of post-radiation gastrointestinal symptoms,to discuss possible patient and treatment factors implicated in normal gastrointestinal tissue radiosensitivity and to outline different mechanisms of intestinal tissue injury.     

Infliximab induces remission in cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis:First case

We present the case of a 29-year-old patient with a history of abdominal pain and vomiting.Based on wireless video capsule findings he was previously diagnosed with ileal Crohn’s disease at a different institution,although the clinical and radiological picture was not typical and the response to corticosteroids was poor.We performed a single-balloon enteroscopy showing a short,ulcerous stenosis 50 cm proximal from Bauhin’s valve.The endoscopic and clinical histopathological findings were compatible with cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis(CMUSE).High dose corticosteroids were again started,without effect.The monoclonal tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) antibody infliximab was added to the medical therapy.After induction therapy,both clinical and endoscopic amelioration was obtained.Larger case studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of TNF-α inhibition in steroid refractory CMUSE.     

Atypical respiratory complications of dengue fever

In last decade, dengue has emerged as one of the most important vector born disease. With increasing cases, uncommon presentations and complications are now commonly recognized. Here, we report two cases of rare pattern of respiratory involvement in dengue: acute respiratory distress syndrome and bronchiolitis with respiratory failure.     

A chicken intestinal ligated loop model to study the virulence of Clostridium perfringens isolates recovered from antibiotic-free chicken flocks

Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a major problem in antibiotic-free (ABF) chicken flocks and specific strains of Clostridium perfringens are known to induce NE. The objective of this study was to develop a chicken intestinal ligated loop model in order to compare the virulence of various C. perfringens strains recovered from consecutive ABF flocks with and without NE. Intestinal loops were surgically prepared in 10 anaesthetized specific-pathogen-free chickens and alternately inoculated with C. perfringens isolates or brain heart infusion (BHI) media. Histological lesion scoring was performed for each loop. All strains from NE-affected flocks induced histological lesions compatible with NE whereas inoculation of loops with a commensal C. perfringens strain or BHI did not. Among inoculated strains, CP0994 (netB-positive and cpb2-positive) and CP-2003-1256 (netB-positive) demonstrated mean histological lesion scores significantly higher (P?netB-negative and cpb2-positive) induced intestinal lesions without significantly higher scores. In loops where villi were colonized by Gram-positive rods, significantly higher (P?C. perfringens is a critical step in the pathogenesis of NE. Finally, we demonstrated the importance of controlling virulent C. perfringens strains in ABF chicken flocks as a highly virulent strain can be present in consecutive flocks with NE and possibly affect multiple flocks.     

Overview of the microbiota in the gut-liver axis in viral B and C hepatitis

Viral B and C hepatitis are a major current health issue, both diseases having a chronic damaging effect on the liver and its functions. Chronic liver disease can lead to even more severe and life-threatening conditions, such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent years have uncovered an important interplay between the liver and the gut microbiome: the gut-liver axis. Hepatitis B and C infections often cause alterations in the gut microbiota by lowering the levels of ‘protective’ gut microorganisms and, by doing so, hinder the microbiota ability to boost the immune response. Treatments aimed at restoring the gut microbiota balance may provide a valuable addition to current practice therapies and may help limit the chronic changes observed in the liver of hepatitis B and C patients. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the anato-functional axis between the gut and liver and to highlight the influence that hepatitis B and C viruses have on the microbiota balance, as well as the influence of treatments aimed at restoring the gut microbiota on infected livers and disease progression.     

护理对轮状病毒性肠炎患儿预后的影响

目的为了进一步研究和探讨有效改善轮状病毒性肠炎患儿预后的相关临床护理干预措施和方法 ,从而为轮状病毒性肠炎患儿的护理实践提供参考和依据。方法入选该次研究的病例均为2010年12月—2013年12月期间该院收治的轮状病毒性肠炎患儿,全部患儿共计156例,随机对患儿进行分组,分成了护理干预组和常规护理组,每组患儿78例。分别实施护理干预措施和常规护理措施,对实施不同的临床护理措施的两组患者的家长关于护理工作的满意程度和提供护理干预措施之后患者的大便情况分别进行观察和比较。结果 1对临床护理总满意度组间作比较,护理干预组明显比常规护理组的高,而且组间数据的比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=13.650 0,P=0.000 2）;2大便平均次数组间比较,得到的结果是护理干预组明显低于常规护理组,而且组间数据的比较差异有统计学意义（t=51.390 7,P=0.000 0）。结论针对患有轮状病毒性肠炎的患儿在临床实施护理实践的过程中,若采用该院所提出的临床护理干预措施的临床,则效果显著,可以显著的改善患儿预后并提高临床护理满意度水平,是临床针对轮状病毒性肠炎患儿实施护理的理想选择。