Sulphasalazine and Sulphapyridine Serum Levels in Children to Mothers Treated with Sulphasalazine during Pregnancy and Lactation

ABSTRACT. Serum concentrations of sulphasalazine and sulphapyridine were measured during the first week of life in 15 children whose mothers had been on sulphasalazine during pregnancy. The serum concentrations of sulphapyridine and sulphasalazine were similar in the children and their mothers at delivery. The elimination rate of the drugs in the newborn children was slow but the concentrations were not so high that a bilirubin displacing effect could be expected. In eight mothers who were breast-feeding and taking sulphasalazine, analyses were done of mothers'serum, breast-milk and serum from their children. The results showed that the amount of sulphasalazine and sulphapyridine transferred to the child via the breast-milk is negligible with regard to the risk of kernicterus. It is concluded that a woman in need of sulphasalazine treatment can continue the medication throughout pregnancy and lactation without risk of development of kernicterus in her child. Only term infants without haemolytic disease were included in the study. Thus our conclusion is not necessarily valid for the prematurely born child or the child with haemolytic disease.     

Reduced prevalence of early preterm delivery in women with Type 1 diabetes and microalbuminuria--possible effect of early antihypertensive treatment during pregnancy.

AIMS: In normotensive women with Type 1 diabetes and microalbuminuria we previously found preterm delivery (< 34 weeks) in 23% of the pregnancies. Antihypertensive treatment was initiated in late pregnancy when preeclampsia was diagnosed and diastolic blood pressure > 90 mmHg. From April 2000 our routine was changed and early antihypertensive treatment with methyldopa was initiated if antihypertensive treatment was given prior to pregnancy, if urinary albumin excretion (UAE) was > 2 g/24 h, or blood pressure > 140/90 mmHg. The present study describes the impact of this more aggressive antiypertensive treatment in the prevalence of preterm delivery. METHODS: The old cohort (1995-1999) consisted of 26 and the new cohort (2000-2003) of 20 pregnant women with Type 1 diabetes and microalbuminuria. All were referred before gestational week 17. RESULTS: The cohorts were comparable with regard to age, diabetes duration, prepregnancy body mass index, HbA1c, blood pressure 121 (13)/71 (8) vs. 121 (14)/73 (8) mmHg [mean (sd)] and early UAE 69 (16-278) vs. 74 (30-287) mg/24 h (geometric mean and range). Antihypertensive treatment was initiated in the old cohort at 29 (20-33) weeks, n = 9, and in the new at 13 (0-34) weeks, n = 10. The prevalence of preterm delivery before 34 weeks was reduced from 23% to zero (P = 0.02), preterm delivery before 37 weeks from 62% to 40% (P = 0.15) and preeclampsia from 42% to 20% (P = 0.11). Perinatal mortality occurred in 4% vs. 0%. Birth weight was 3124 (767) g vs. 3279 (663) g. CONCLUSION: Introduction of early antihypertensive treatment with methyldopa in normotensive pregnant women with Type 1 diabetes and microalbuminuria resulted in a significant reduction in preterm delivery before gestational week 34.     

Cutaneous leishmaniasis: Clinical report of two cases and review of the recent literature

With 1–1.5 million cases reported every year cutaneous leishmaniasis represents an increasing health problem. The course of cutaneous leishmaniasis varies from a single self‐healing ulcer to a persistent ulcer or progressive mucosal disease with nasopharyngeal destruction. An enormous array of topical and systemic treatment modalities has been endorsed. The response to treatment depends on the species of parasite as well as the host's immunological and genetic status. Species‐specific treatment guidelines based on evidence from controlled studies are highly desirable. We present two cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis, one in a child and one during pregnancy, reviewing various diagnostic and therapeutic measures with special attention to problems in young and pregnant patients.     

32例异位妊娠的临床诊断与治疗分析

目的探讨异位妊娠的诊断和治疗方法。方法对32例来本院就诊的异位妊娠患者进行回顾性分析。结果异位妊娠患者超声下表现多样，32例中保守治疗成功率96．9％。1例改行手术成功。结论异位妊娠的症状变化多样，病情凶险，应早期诊断，积极治疗。     

双侧子宫动脉氨甲喋呤灌注加栓塞治疗宫颈妊娠11例效果分析

目的探讨双侧子宫动脉氨甲喋呤灌注加栓塞对宫颈妊娠的治疗效果。方法临床确诊宫颈妊娠伴阴道出血患者11例,急诊治疗。双侧子宫动脉插管、造影,分别灌注氨甲喋呤(MTX),然后用明胶海绵微粒或明胶海绵微粒加少量丝线微粒栓塞。结果宫颈妊娠孕囊由子宫动脉供血,部分以一侧为主,8例见对比剂外溢。双侧子宫动脉栓塞完毕,阴道出血明显减少。术后血β-HCG进行性下降。9例胚胎自行排出。2例行宫颈搔刮术,术中出血量不多,刮出物为陈旧性胎盘组织。胚胎排出或刮出后阴道出血完全停止。结论双侧子宫动脉化疗栓塞治疗宫颈妊娠效果良好,达到了预防和终止阴道大出血、保留子宫的目的。     

妊娠高血压综合征患者胎盘组织中核因子-kB的表达

目的观察妊娠高血压综合征患者胎盘组织中NF-kB的表达及其与病情轻重的关系.方法通过免疫组织化学方法检测轻、中、重妊娠高血压综合征患者胎盘组织中NF-kB的表达情况.结果妊娠高血压综合征患者胎盘组织中NF-kB被激活,其激活程度与妊高征病情轻重呈正相关.结论提示妊娠高血压综合征患者胎盘组织中NF-kB的激活参与了妊高征免疫发病机制.     

妊娠期糖耐量受损与妊娠结局的关系

①目的　探讨妊娠期糖耐量受损 (GIGT)对妊娠结局的影响。②方法　以妊娠期GIGT孕妇 1 31例(GIGT组 ) ,妊娠期糖尿病 (GDM)孕妇 1 6 6例 (GDM组 ) ,糖耐量正常孕妇 1 6 0例 (正常对照组 )为研究对象 ,对孕妇及其围生儿结局进行对比研究。③结果　GIGT组及GDM组妊娠高血压综合征、巨大儿、羊水过多、胎膜早破、剖宫产及新生儿疾病发生情况均高于对照组 (χ2 =4 .0 2～ 81 .31 ,P <0 .0 5、0 .0 1 )。④结论　GIGT对妊娠可造成不同程度的危害 ,GIGT是影响孕妇及围生儿结局的重要因素。对妊娠期GIGT均应进行监测和处理     

128例双胎妊娠临床结局分析

目的 :探讨影响双胎妊娠临床结局的相关因素。方法 :回顾性分析 12 8例双胎妊娠临床结局与胎方位、分娩方式、孕周、新生儿体重、新生儿窒息之间的关系。 结果 :胎方位、孕周、胎儿体重及分娩方式均影响围产儿预后。 结论 :加强孕产期保健 ,提高产科质量能改善双胎妊娠围产儿的预后。     

17β-雌二醇对子宫内膜异位症患者在位子宫内膜间质细胞β-catenin mRNA和蛋白表达的影响

目的研究17β-雌二醇(17β-E2)对子宫内膜异位症(内异症)患者在位子宫内膜间质细胞β-catenin mRNA和蛋白表达的影响,探讨Wnt/β-catenin信号通路在介导雌激素促进内异症发生发展的作用。方法体外分离培养内异症患者在位子宫内膜间质细胞。用不同浓度17β-E2处理子宫内膜间质细胞48 h;此后选用10-10mol/L 17β-E2处理子宫内膜间质细胞12、24和48 h,逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和免疫印迹法(Western blotting)检测17β-E2处理前后子宫内膜间质细胞β-catenin mRNA和蛋白的表达水平。同法分析雌激素受体拮抗剂ICI182,780(10-6mol/L)对17β-E2促进β-catenin mRNA和蛋白表达的影响。免疫组织化学染色观察17β-E2作用后β-catenin在子宫内膜间质细胞中的定位。结果17β-E2能明显促进内异症患者在位子宫内膜间质细胞β-catenin mRNA和蛋白的表达,并呈剂量和时间依赖性,于10-10mol/L作用48 h最明显。雌激素受体拮抗剂ICI182,780能明显抑制17β-E2对子宫内膜间质细胞β-catenin mRNA和蛋白的表达。免疫组织化学染色发现17β-E2能促进β-catenin在子宫内膜间质细胞核内的表达。结论雌激素可能通过激活Wnt/β-catenin信号通路促进内异症在位子宫内膜的异位种植。