Modified high-level Le Fort I advancement without malar augmentation: assessment of effect on midfacial aesthetics

The ‘beauty arch’, an aesthetic feature of the midface, is a double-S-shaped curve that extends downward from the lateral canthus. This retrospective study evaluated whether modified high Le Fort I advancement (combined with impaction or down-grafting) without malar augmentation can approximate a patient’s ‘ideal’ beauty arch (IBA). Pre- and postoperative profile (natural head position) photographs for 36 patients with midfacial hypoplasia were aligned digitally. For each individual, standardized methods were used to identify landmarks and draw the preoperative real beauty arch (RBA), postoperative RBA, and IBA. Distances from a defined landmark to each arch were measured and means were compared. The mean advancement range was 4.2 ± 2.2 mm, and the mean pre- and postoperative RBA distances were significantly different (138.7 ± 24.1 vs 145.0 ± 25.8 pixels, respectively; P = 0.0001). In the impaction and down-grafting subgroups, there was no significant correlation between amount of maxillary movement and the difference between pre- and postoperative RBA distances (P > 0.05 for both). The postoperative RBA was satisfactorily close to the IBA in 35 cases (97.2%); one patient required later augmentation. The findings suggest that modified high Le Fort I advancement surgery without malar augmentation provides satisfactory malar projection for most patients with maxillary hypoplasia.     

正畸患者对女性上颌中切牙和侧切牙牙龈高度不对称的审美评价

目的：调查正畸患者对女性上颌中切牙和侧切牙牙龈高度变化的关注程度和审美评价。方法建立女性上颌中切牙和侧切牙牙龈向切端偏移的模型（上颌中切牙和侧切牙牙龈向切端偏移0.5 mm、1.0 mm、1.5 mm和2 mm）,利用调查问卷对正畸患者进行调查。结果上颌中切牙和侧切牙左右牙龈对称和上颌中切牙牙龈向切端偏移0.5 mm时,是患者认为最美观的笑容;上颌中切牙和侧切牙牙龈向切端偏移1.0 mm时,患者开始察觉上颌中切牙和侧切牙牙龈不对称（P<0.05）;上颌中切牙和侧切牙牙龈向切端偏移1.5 mm到2.0 mm时,患者认为已经影响了美观和笑容（P<0.05）。结论上颌中切牙和侧切牙牙龈不对称的牙龈高度变化1.0 mm到1.5 mm以上时,患者开始察觉和开始认为影响了美观和笑容。     

The smiling scan technique: Facially driven guided surgery and prosthetics

Purpose

To introduce a proof of concept technique and new integrated workflow to optimize the functional and esthetic outcome of the implant-supported restorations by means of a 3-dimensional (3D) facially-driven, digital assisted treatment plan.

Effects of transverse relationships between maxillary arch,mouth, and face on smile esthetics

Objective:To identify the ideal ratios between the widths of the maxillary arch, mouth, and face, respectively, and to determine the range of acceptable esthetic variations based on these ideal ratios.Materials and Methods:A photograph of a young female with a harmonious smile was selected and digitally altered to produce two sets of images. The first image showed an altered intercanine width, while the second one showed an altered oral fissure breadth. These alterations were independently rated by judges, including 23 orthodontists and 30 undergraduates. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare the scores given by male and female judges and those given by professional and nonprofessional judges.Results:The following ideal transverse ratios were determined: intercanine width/oral fissure breadth, 0.638; oral fissure breadth/interparopia width: the distance between left and right paropia, 0.617; and intercanine width/face width at the level of the labial commissures, 0.300. A range of −10% to +10% was proposed as the thresholds of esthetic smile evaluations. It was shown that gender of the raters had no effect on the rating of photographs, nor were there any statistically significant differences between the professional and nonprofessional judges’ ratings.Conclusions:Balanced transverse relationships in the facial region are important for smile esthetics, and there is a wide range of esthetically acceptable variations in the transverse relationships between the maxillary arch, mouth, and face.     

Attractiveness of Eyebrow Position and Shape in Females Depends on the Age of the Beholder

Background Great diversity exists among individuals with respect to eyebrow position and shape, and the notion of an “ideal” eyebrow has changed quite significantly over the past several decades. Methods This study compared three different variations of eyebrows. One variation was the arched eyebrow with the maximum height in the middle. The other two variations had their maximum height in the lateral third, but differed in their position (high vs low). For each of the seven female portraits presented, three variations were generated using morphing software. A total of 357 subjects 12 to 85 years of age compared these variations and ranked each woman individually with respect to perceived attractiveness. Results The data show that the preference for a specific eyebrow shape depends on a person’s age. Young subjects up to 30 years of age preferred eyebrows in a lower position, and ruled out arched eyebrows. Subjects older than 50 years stated exactly the opposite preference. Conclusion First, there is not one single beauty ideal for eyebrows, but at least three. The ideal a person prefers depends on his or her age. Second, because trends are generally introduced by young people and not by older individuals, and the young tend to prefer eyebrows in a lower position, it seems plausible to assume that the trend currently appears to be moving away from arched eyebrows toward lower positioned eyebrows with a maximum height in the lateral third.     

中医美容教学法改革的探索与思考

中医美容应用型、技能型人才是当今美容市场的需求,也是中医美容教育者应着力培养的目标,实现的基本途径是提高教学和学习效率,重视学生临床实践能力的培养。创新型、研究型中医美容人才的培养,更适合采用以问题为中心教学法、探究式思维教学法和科研思路训练教学法等教学方法,这些方法已初步受到学生的赞誉,也为中医美容教学法的改革带来了经验和希望。     

中医美容教学法改革的探索与思考

中医美容应用型、技能型人才是当今美容市场的需求,也是中医美容教育者应着力培养的目标,实现的基本途径是提高教学和学习效率,重视学生临床实践能力的培养。创新型、研究型中医美容人才的培养,更适合采用以问题为中心教学法、探究式思维教学法和科研思路训练教学法等教学方法,这些方法已初步受到学生的赞誉,也为中医美容教学法的改革带来了经验和希望。     

Timing and voluntary suppression of facial mimicry to smiling faces in a Go/NoGo task—An EMG study

Results obtained with a novel emotional Go/NoGo task allowing the investigation of facial mimicry (FM) during the production and inhibition of voluntary smiles are discussed. Healthy participants were asked to smile rapidly to happy faces and maintain a neutral expression to neutral faces, or the reverse. Replicating and extending previous results, happy faces induced FM, as shown by stronger and faster zygomatic activation to happy than neutral faces in Go trials, and a greater number of false alarms to happy faces in NoGo trials. Facial mimicry effects remained present during participants’ active inhibition of facial movement. Latencies of FM were short with 126-250 ms in Go trials, and 251-375 ms in NoGo trials. The utility of the Go/NoGo task, which allows the assessment of response inhibition in the domain of facial expression by installing strong prepotent motor responses via short stimulus presentation times and a great number of Go trials, is discussed.     

Lip Morphology Changes Following Orthognathic Surgery for Class III Malocclusion

Objectives:To test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the morphology of the lips and to determine the degree of improvement in the smile after orthognathic surgery for Class III malocclusion.Materials and Methods:The sample subjects included 30 adult female patients with dento-skeletal Class III malocclusion and 28 adult female volunteers with normal occlusion. Frontal facial photographs were taken before and after treatment, and 35 landmarks were placed on each tracing made from the frontal facial photograph. Thereafter, the landmarks were digitized into an x and y coordinate system with the subnasal point as the origin. The pretreatment rest and smile conditions were compared with the posttreatment conditions, respectively, using paired t-tests. In addition, two sample t-tests were used to test for differences between groups.Results:Both the upper and lower lips in the smiles of the Class III pretreatment group were positioned downward, and the upward movement of the upper lip and commissure points were smaller compared with the control group. When smiling, the horizontal direction of the mouth corners was statistically significantly different between the pretreatment and posttreatment conditions, whereas these were wider in the posttreatment than in the pretreatment conditions. These characteristics of the Class III smile improved after orthognathic treatment, but the differences with the control group remained unchanged immediately after treatment.Conclusion:The hypothesis is rejected. The soft tissue morphology of patients with dento-skeletal Class III malocclusion shows a significant improvement after orthognathic surgery.     

明末清初才子佳人小说大团圆结局魔力解析

明末清初的才子佳人小说,几乎全都是以科举及弟、奉旨成婚的大团圆形式结局,显然这种结局有着巨大的魔力,可这种魔力从何而来?这是一个很有趣的话题,同时也是一个值得探寻的问题,笔者试从才子佳人小说读者的阅读心理和作者的创作心态进行探究,希望由此使人们对大团圆结局的魔力有一个清醒的认识,并能够正确对待它。