The theoretical small signal impedance of the frog node,Rana pipiens

Summary The small signal impedance of the frog node is calculated for frequencies from 1 Hz to 10,000 Hz and transmembrane potentials from –80 mV to –30 mV by linearizing the voltage clamp equations of Dodge [7] and Hille [8]. The modulus of the impedance is presented for the total system, and separately for the potassium and sodium systems as a function of frequency and voltage. There is a broad resonance in the total impedance with a voltage-dependent peak frequency. At 22°C, in the range –75 mV to –45 mV, the peak frequencies occur between 50 and 500 Hz. Removing the potassium system leaves a relatively shapr resonance centered around 200 Hz at –45 mV.     

PLPP2: Potential therapeutic target of breast cancer in PLPP family

PLPPs (Phospholipid phosphatases) are widely expressed in different human tissues, regulate cell signal transduction, and are overexpressed in cancers such as gliomas, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and so on. As a member of the PLPP family, PLPP2 (phospholipid phosphatase 2) plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of breast cancer, but its mechanism is still unclear. Our research found that PLPP2 was overexpressed in breast cancer, and the higher expression level of PLPP2 showed a worse prognosis for breast cancer patients. Further analysis showed that overexpression of PLPP2 affected the expression of CDC34 (cell-division cycle 34), LSM7 (Like-Smith 7), and SGTA (small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein alpha) through EMT (epigenetic-mesenchymal transition) related pathways to promote the occurrence and development of breast cancer. In vitro, silencing PLPP2 significantly reduced the proliferation, invasion, and migration abilities of human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. ER+ is a common subtype of breast cancer. Furthermore, we found that the overexpression of PLPP2 was significantly related to the poor prognosis of ER+ breast cancer. These results indicate that PLPP2 has value as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer, especially for ER+ breast cancer.     

大白鼠心脏小强荧光细胞分布的研究

利用荧光组织化学和组织学染色连续在同一切片上显示的方法,观察了5只大鼠整个心脏和7只大鼠心房的连续切片。大鼠心脏的小强荧光细胞为圆形、卵圆形和不规则形。它们在心脏主要呈密集成团、簇状或素条状细胞群,以及散在存在的细胞。成年大鼠心脏小强荧光细胞的数量为442～664个,其中86～92％位于心房外膜,而且主要位于心房背侧几个区域。心内膜未发现小强荧光细胞;其他部位这种细胞很少。小强荧光细胞和心壁的神经节分布区域相类似。但是有的神经节并没有小强荧光细胞。部分小强荧光细胞邻近心壁的小血管。这种细胞和传导系统没有明显的形态学接触。     

Activation of mucosal Vβ3+ T cells and tissue damage in human small intestine by the bacterial superantigen,Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B

Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) was added to explants of fetal human intestine in organ culture or administered into the lumen of fetal small intestine prior to culture. Both routes produced a massive increase in lamina propria T cells expressing Vβ33, and to a lesser extent, those expressing Vβ5 and Vβ12. SEB-activated lamina propria T cells produced interleukin-2 and interferon-Y and T cell activation was accompanied by tissue damage, which was inhibited by FK506.     

Pyogenic granuloma: an unrecognized cause of gastrointestinal bleeding

Pyogenic granuloma is a lobular capillary hemangioma that mostly occurs on the skin, but it is also encountered on the mucosal surface of the oral cavity. Only a few cases in other parts of the digestive tract have been reported in Japanese patients. In this report, two Caucasian patients are described, who presented with gastrointestinal bleeding due to the presence of a pyogenic granuloma. One was located in the distal esophagus and could be treated with local excision and laser-photocoagulation therapy. The other one was located in the small intestine and was removed by surgical resection. Although extremely rare, pyogenic granuloma as a cause of gastrointestinal bleeding needs consideration. The lesion is benign, presumably reactive and can be adequately treated by excision or laser photocoagulation. Immunohistochemistry and/or polymerase chain reaction for herpesvirus 8 can reliably distinguish pyogenic granuloma from Kaposis sarcoma, an important differential diagnosis.     

IL-4–BATF signaling directly modulates IL-9 producing mucosal mast cell (MMC9) function in experimental food allergy

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Expression of epithelial and neural antigens in small cell and non small cell lung carcinoma

Seventy-one lung carcinomas from 66 different patients were stained with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Twenty-nine were small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), 15 adenocarcinomas, 17 squamous carcinomas and 10 large cell carcinomas. Three of the monoclonal antibodies recognize different cytokeratins, three recognize other epithelial antigens and one recognizes a neural antigen. Both formalin-fixed and cryopreserved tumours were studied using an indirect immunoperoxidase method. 23/29 SCLC reacted with all but one of the antibodies which recognize epithelial antigens. This staining was similar to that seen in non small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) and provides further evidence that SCLC are true epithelial tumours. All but one of the SCLC stained with the antibody recognizing a neural antigen. This antibody did not stain squamous or adenocarcinomas. However, four of the large cell carcinomas stained well with this antibody, suggesting that SCLC and some large cell carcinomas share a common pathway of differentiation. There were variations of staining seen both within and between tumours. This has obvious implications if immunotargetting with monoclonal antibodies is to be used diagnostically or therapeutically.     

Changes in Cell Characteristics Due to Culture Conditions in Cell Lines From Human Small Cell Lung Cancer

Eight cultured cell lines were established from human smallcell lung cancers. Every cell line showed the morphologicaland biochemical characteristics of small cell cancer. Changesin cell characteristics were observed in many of these celllines when culture conditions were changed: "oat cell type"changed to "intermediate cell type" and vice versa when serum-freemedium was changed to serum-supplemented medium; a deficiencyof vitamin A in the medium caused a change to squamous cellsand vice versa; and a tumor promoter (teleocidin B) enhancedthe adherence of these cells to the surface of plastic culturedishes. These findings provide evidence that many small celllung cancer cell lines can change their morphology with changesin the environment of the cells.     

非布司他用于预防小细胞肺癌化疗后急性肿瘤溶解综合征效果观察

目的探讨非布司他用于预防小细胞肺癌(SCLC)化疗期间出现急性肿溶解综合征(ATLS)的效果.方法收集2016—2020年盘锦市中心医院收治的SCLC化疗患者50例,随机分为对照组和观察组各25例.两组患者分别于化疗前1 d开始口服药物预防ATLS出现,对照组采用别嘌醇,对照组采用非布司他.比较两组患者用药前后不同时间点血尿酸(SUA)、肌酐(Scr)和尿素氮(BUN)变化情况,及化疗前期间ATLS发生情况.结果两组患者D0时间点SUA、Scr、BUN差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);经治疗后,D₁时间点SUA、Scr、BUN呈增加趋势,D₂和D₃时间点SUA、Scr、BUN呈下降趋势,两组患者D₁、D₂、D₃时间点SUA、Scr、BUN差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).化疗期间对照组ATLS发生率为24.00%;观察组ATLS发生率为4.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.045).结论非布司他能够进一步控制SCLC患者化疗期间血尿酸水平,并且有效保护患者肾脏功能,减少ATLS的发生.