The Impact of Goal Cognition and Pain Severity on Disability and Depression in Adults with Chronic Pain: An Examination of Direct Effects and Mediated Effects via Pain-Induced Fear

A group of 100 adults with chronic low back pain (CLBP), drawn from a larger national sample, completed a questionnaire battery that assessed (among other things) goal conflict and goal self-efficacy, pain severity, pain-induced fear, and 3 months later, two important clinical outcomes: physical disability and depression. Consistent with emerging motivation-centered models of adaptation (e.g., Ford, Humans as self-constructing living systems: A developmental perspective on behavior and personality. Erlbaum, 1987; Karoly Review of General Psychology, 3, 264–291, 1999) and cognitive-behavioral accounts of pain-specific fears (e.g., Asmundson et al. Clinical Psychology Review, 19, 97–119, 1999), structural equation analyses revealed that (a) goal self-efficacy, goal conflict, and pain severity independently predicted pain-induced fear, (b) pain-induced fear fully mediated the effects of goal conflict and goal self-efficacy on physical disability and depression, and (c) pain-induced fear partially mediated the effects of severity on disability and depression. Results suggest that clinical pain specialists should treat pain-induced fear as a means of forestalling disability and depression, and that they should also seek to modify how CLBP patients think about and organize their life goals.

Motivation and adult learning: a survey among hospital personnel attending a CPR course

AIM OF THE STUDY: A massive cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training programme is continued in most hospitals to make hospital personnel ready to take action in cases of cardiac arrest. Motivated course participants learn more and perform better than unmotivated course participants. This study investigates whether hospital personnel are motivated to participate in CPR courses and whether motivation correlates with important assumptions in adult learning. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey measuring learning motivation via the MSLQ instrument was performed among 361 hospital personnel before attending a CPR course. Assumptions of adult learning were identified and data were analysed in relation to these assumptions. RESULTS: Hospital personnel are generally motivated for learning CPR. Respondents who had been prepared for the course, who had participated in the decision about attending the course, who were working in high-risk area for cardiac arrest or were nursing personnel working in long-time close contact with patients were more motivated to CPR training than other hospital personnel. It seems like motivation correlates with adult learning assumptions such as the learners need to know, the learners self-concept, readiness to learn and orientation to learning. CONCLUSION: This study supports the assumption that CPR training should be based on an adult learning model. As preparedness, participation, readiness and relevance seem to be key factors, we may want to include these factors when training hospital personnel in CPR skills.     

高校研究生完美主义与应对方式:自我效能的中介作用

目的:在高校样本中,探讨自我效能在完美主义与应对方式之间的中介作用.方法:采用应对量表(COPE)、Frost完美主义量表(FMPS)、一般自我效能量表对396名高校研究生进行测量,对数据进行了相关分析及回归统计.结果:①相关分析表明,适应性完美主义与自我效能呈正相关,非适应性完美主义中的行为迟疑维度与自我效能呈负相关,相关程度均在P<0.01水平达到显著;②回归分析显示完美主义和自我效能对应对方式有预测作用.在控制了完美主义及其子维度后,自我效能仍有显著的预测作用.结论:自我效能在完美主义及应对方式之间起着重要的中介作用,适应性的完美主义者自我效能感更高,更倾向于使用问题集中性应对方式.     

Systematic cognitive behavioral approach for oral hygiene instruction: a short-term study

OBJECTIVE: Determine whether a six-step behavioral cognitive method is more effective than traditional oral hygiene instruction. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with chronic periodontitis were randomly assigned to two groups. The control group was given traditional oral hygiene instruction for 20 min. The intervention group received counseling by Farquhar's six-step method for 10 min after traditional oral hygiene instruction. In both groups, oral hygiene instruction was given once a week, and performed three times in total for 3 weeks. Clinical characteristics, deposition of dental plaque, frequency and duration of brushing, frequency of interdental cleaning and scores based on scale of "self-efficacy for brushing of the teeth" were compared in both groups. RESULTS: There were no differences between the two groups in clinical, demographic, behavioral and self-efficacy characteristics at the baseline examination. However after the third visit, the intervention group had a significantly higher self-efficacy, lower plaque index, longer brushing duration and higher frequency of inter-dental cleaning than those of the control group. Multiple regression analysis showed significant association of toothbrushing duration with self-efficacy for brushing of the teeth (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The six-step method might be more effective for enhancing self-efficacy and behavioral change of oral hygiene than traditional oral hygiene instruction alone. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Dentists and dental hygienists can use the six-step method for effective oral hygiene instruction.     

基于健康行动过程取向理论模型分析2型糖尿病患者锻炼行为现状

目的 本研究旨在应用健康行动过程取向理论(health action process approach,HAPA)和结构方程模型探究2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者锻炼行为现状及其影响因素,为今后干预提供参考.方法 采用自编HAPA问卷调查北京4个社区卫生服务中心的819例T...     

乳腺癌化疗患者赋权水平与自我效能、感知护理服务质量的相关性研究

目的 探讨乳腺癌化疗患者赋权水平现状,分析其与自我效能感、感知护理服务质量的相关性。方法 采用便利抽样法选取2020年6—12月在湖南省人民医院、湖南省肿瘤医院及中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九二一医院肿瘤科住院的303例乳腺癌化疗患者为研究对象,使用自行设计的一般资料调查问卷、乳腺癌赋权量表、中文版乳腺癌幸存者自我效能感量表、住院患者感知护理服务质量评价量表进行调查。结果 乳腺癌化疗患者赋权水平总分为（90.38±20.09）分,总均分为（3.01±0.67）分。单因素分析显示,不同文化程度、有无照护者、家庭成员人均月收入、手术方式的乳腺癌化疗患者赋权水平得分比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Pearson相关性分析显示,乳腺癌化疗患者赋权水平与自我效能感、感知护理服务质量均成正相关（P<0.01）。结论 乳腺癌化疗患者赋权水平处于中等水平,且与自我效能感、感知护理服务质量存在相关性。医护人员应关注患者的赋权行为,采取针对性干预措施,以提高其赋权水平。     

Self-efficacy and negative silence in the classroom: The mediating role of fear of negative evaluation

BackgroundNegative silence in the classroom is a usual passive behavior, which means students tend to keep silent and are unwilling to participate in the teaching interaction. It hinders the classroom teaching quality severely. Previous studies have shown both self-efficacy and fear of negative evaluation are related to silent behavior. However, little research has explained whether self-efficacy affects negative silence in the classroom through fear of negative evaluation.PurposeTo investigate the relationships between self-efficacy, fear of negative evaluation and negative silence in the classroom.MethodsA cross-sectional survey using convenience sampling was conducted to collect data from 568 undergraduate nursing students from a higher medical institution in Guizhou Province, west of China, from October to November 2021. the T-Test or analysis of variance was used as a univariate analysis and the Bootstrap test was applied to verify the mediating effect.FindingsNursing students' self-efficacy was negatively related to both fear of negative evaluation and negative silence in the classroom（r = −0. 188, P＜0. 05; r = −0. 298, P＜0. 05, respectively; fear of negative evaluation was positively related to negative classroom silence（r = 0. 392, P＜0. 05; mediation analysis showed the mediating effect of fear of negative evaluation accounted for 23. 53% of the total [Effect Value= −0. 08, 95%CI（− 0. 12,− 0. 03].DiscussionFear of negative evaluation partially mediates the relationship between self-efficacy and negative silence in the classroom. Therefore, reducing nursing students' negative evaluation fear can be used as a target for interventions to address nursing students' negative classroom silence issue, promoting the quality of classroom teaching and learning.     

磁性护理管理在提高手术室医护满意度中的效果观察

目的探讨在手术室引入磁性护理管理理念以提高手术室医护满意度的实践效果。方法在手术室引入磁性护理管理理念,包括建立多渠道共享治理,合理配置和使用人力资源,优化薪酬结构,支持职业发展及建立支持性人文环境。通过问卷调查管理前后护士工作满意度、护士自我效能感、医师对手术室护理满意度并进行比较。结果实施磁性护理管理后,护士的工作满意度及自我效能得分高于管理前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),医师对手术室护理满意度高于管理前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论磁性护理管理应用于手术室可提高手术室护士的工作满意度和自我效能感,提高医师对手术室环境和护理质量的满意度。     

Comprehensive care for patients with diabetes in Ramadan: A module for pharmacy students and pharmacists

IntroductionPrior studies show that many patients with diabetes whose health maybe impacted by fasting, choose to fast during Ramadan. This study describes the implementation and evaluation of an online module targeting bachelor of pharmacy (BPharm) and doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) students that aims to improve participants' knowledge, communication, and self-efficacy concerning proper care for patients with diabetes in Ramadan.MethodsAn online module consisting of two phases targeting both BPharm and PharmD students was implemented over two semesters in fall 2020 and spring 2021. Participants were directed to fill pre-module and post-module assessments to evaluate the change in their knowledge and self-efficacy using two scales. Pre- and post-survey data for participants’ knowledge and self-efficacy were analyzed for significance using paired sample t-tests. Qualitative data analysis was performed to assess participants’ responses to the open-ended question concerning what they liked and disliked about the module.ResultsAll BPharm and PharmD students taking the lesson responded to both the baseline survey and the follow-up one resulting in 92 responses (participation rate of 100%). The average score for participants in the pre-module self-efficacy section was 1.5 (SD = 1) and increased post-module to 3.5 (SD = 0.7), t (91) = 20.2, p < 0.001. Further, the average score for participants in the pre-module knowledge section was 14 (SD = 3), which similarly increased to 22 (SD = 3) post-module t (91) = 19.7, p < 0.001. Qualitative analysis provided insights on how participants perceived the module design, content, and its impact on practice. Participants described the module as an informative one that addresses a much-needed issue they haven’t been exposed to before. They emphasized how the module addresses the cultural needs of patients in their communities. They particularly appreciated seeing instructor videos depicting real-life scenarios and the focus on their communication skills, but some preferred learning about this topic through live sessions.ConclusionAn online module positively impacted both self-efficacy and knowledge in relation to caring for patients with diabetes considering fasting in Ramadan. Future studies should explore how different versions of this module can be integrated into educational activities for pharmacy students, pharmacists in different settings, and for other health care professionals.     

Cortisol in hair, body mass index and stress-related measures

Hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) are assumed to reflect integrated cortisol secretion over extended periods of time and may provide a sensitive marker for stress-associated endocrine changes. Here, we report data from two independent studies of 155 (study I) and 58 participants (study II) in which HCC associations with different stress-related measures and body mass index (BMI) were investigated. Consistent evidence for positive associations between HCC and BMI was seen across both studies (study I: r=.33, p<.001; study II: r=.42, p=.001). On the other hand, findings failed to reveal reliable HCC associations with psychosocial variables, showing only a positive relationship with self-reported social overload in study II (r=.29, p=.03) but not with other stress-related measures.