Promoting Self-Efficacy in Minimally Invasive Surgery Training

Many surgeons continue to actively pursue surgical approaches that are less invasive for their patients. This pursuit requires the surgeon to adapt to new instruments, techniques, technologies, knowledge bases, visual perspectives, and motor skills, among other changes. The premise of this paper is that surgeons adopting minimally invasive approaches are particularly obligated to maintain an accurate perception of their own competencies and learning needs in these areas (ie, self-efficacy). The psychological literature on the topic of self-efficacy is vast and provides valuable information that can help assure that an individual develops and maintains accurate self-efficacy beliefs. The current paper briefly summarizes the practical implications of psychological research on self-efficacy for minimally invasive surgery training. Specific approaches to training and the provision of feedback are described in relation to potential types of discrepancies that may exist between perceived and actual efficacy.     

Self-efficacy: A Comparison Between Clinically Anxious and Non-referred Youth

Although diminished self-efficacy has been linked to childhood psychopathology, including depression, it has only recently been studied in relation to childhood anxiety disorders. This study examines the relationship between self-efficacy and self-reported anxiety in children who have been referred for an assessment and possible treatment of anxiety symptoms as well as a comparison group of non-referred children. A self-efficacy questionnaire for children and a childhood anxiety measure were administered to a group of children referred for assessment and treatment of a clinical anxiety disorder (n = 50) and a non-referred control group (n = 50). Results indicate that the two samples differed significantly on measures of emotional self-efficacy, but not in terms of self-reported anxiety or other self-efficacy domains. Potential explanations for observed findings are discussed, including the possibility that self-reports of emotional self-efficacy in children may vary by clinical or referral status, amongst those reporting higher levels of anxiety overall.     

社区中老年2型糖尿病患者自我效能与生活质量的调查

目的：评价社区中老年2型糖尿病患者的自我效能与生活质量的现状。方法：采用糖尿病管理控制自我效能量表和糖尿病患者特异性量表,进行问卷分析。结果：2型糖尿病患者自我效能与生活质量不够理想;不同组别2型糖尿病患者自我效能与生活质量得分比较,差异有显著性;2型糖尿病患者自我效能与生活质量密切相关。结论：社区中老年2型糖尿病患者自我效能和生活质量水平均有待提高,应以自我效能理论为依据,重视并健全社区糖尿病健康教育,采用各种方法调动患者的自身潜能。以增加自我效能,提高患者的生活质量。     

When, why and for whom there is a relationship between physical activity and menopause symptoms

Objectives

The relationship between enhanced physical activity and decreased menopause symptoms is equivocal. In this study we sought to better understand this relationship by examining the association of physical activity to different symptom domains and by examining mediating and moderating variables.

Study design

Women participating in a randomized control trial on physical activity were given a menopause symptom measure (MENQOL) at follow-up. Of the 280 women participating, 113 (mean age = 52) reported having symptoms they attributed to menopause. Regression analyses were run to examine if change in physical activity predicted fewer symptoms. Exercise self-efficacy was examined as a mediator and depressive symptoms as a moderator.

Results

An increase in physical activity from baseline was found to be related to reporting fewer total menopause symptoms (β = −0.22, p = .02). When the total menopause symptoms score was examined by domain, increased physical activity was found to be related to reporting fewer general symptoms attributed to menopause (psychosocial (β = −0.18, p = .05) and physical (β = −0.23, p = .01)), but had no effect on specific symptoms of menopause (vasomotor and sexual). Exercise self-efficacy was found to mediate the relationship between increased physical activity and total, physical and psychosocial menopause symptoms. Finally, for individuals with high depressive symptoms, those who increased physical activity the most reported fewer sexual symptoms of menopause.

Conclusion

This study suggests that physical activity participation is associated with lower general symptom reporting as opposed to specifically impacting menopause symptoms. Further, exercise self-efficacy mediates the relationship between physical activity and general menopause symptoms, suggesting a psychological pathway.     

自我效能感与糖尿病患者血糖控制情况的研究

目的探讨糖尿病患者自我效能感对糖尿病控制情况的影响。方法选择我院80例门诊糖尿病患者分为两组,观察组给予临床路径干预,评测两组患者自我效能感和糖尿病控制情况。结果观察组自我效能感、空腹血糖、餐后血糖和糖化血红蛋白控制方面都优于对照组。结论患者自我效能感的提高,改善了患者的糖尿病控制情况,满足了患者的健康需求。     

Development and validation of the Chinese version of the Diabetes Management Self-efficacy Scale

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to translate the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (DMSES) into Chinese and test the validity and reliability of the instrument within a Taiwanese population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A two-stage design was used for this study. Stage I consisted of a multi-stepped process of forward and backward translation, using focus groups and consensus meetings to translate the 20-item Australia/English version DMSES to Chinese and test content validity. Stage II established the psychometric properties of the Chinese version DMSES (C-DMSES) by examining the criterion, convergent and construct validity, internal consistency and stability testing. The sample for Stage II comprised 230 patients with type 2 diabetes aged 30 years or more from a diabetes outpatient clinic in Taiwan. RESULTS: Three items were modified to better reflect Chinese practice. The C-DMSES obtained a total average CVI score of .86.The convergent validity of the C-DMSES correlated well with the validated measure of the General Self-Efficacy Scale in measuring self-efficacy (r=.55; p<.01). Criterion-related validity showed that the C-DMSES was a significant predictor of the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities scores (Beta=.58; t=10.75, p<.01). Factor analysis supported the C-DMSES being composed of four subscales. Good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=.77 to .93) and test-retest reliability (Pearson correlation coefficient r=.86, p<.01) were found. CONCLUSIONS: The C-DMSES is a brief and psychometrically sound measure for evaluation of self-efficacy towards management of diabetes by persons with type 2 diabetes in Chinese populations.     

老年人和大学生自我效能感与应付方式的差异

目的 探讨自我效能感和应付方式的年龄差异以及两者之间的特征.方法 以48名老年人和49名在校大学生为被试,进行背景信息问卷、应付方式问卷、一般自我效能感问卷施测.结果 (1)在控制了教育水平差异之后,老年人自我效能感得分[(43.47±11.49)分]高于大学生[(40.82±7.88)分]差异具有显著性( P <0.05);在应付方式上,解决问题和自责2个维度存在显著年龄差异( P <0.05).(2)自我效能感和应付方式部分维度有显著相关( P <0.05),且老年人和大学生的相关模式不同.(3)在应付方式上,大学生的自我效能感高分组和低分组差异有显著性( P <0.05),老年人则没有.结论 老年人和大学生的自我效能感、应付方式以及两者之间的关系模式皆存在显著年龄差异.     

实习医学生的自我效能及其作用的相关研究

目的研究实习医学生的自我效能感水平及其相关因素,探讨自我效能感在医学教育中的作用。方法采用＂人脸量表＂、＂一般自我效能感量表＂、＂特质应付方式量表＂、自编职业压力量表,来进行测量评定。结果实习医学生的自我效能感与主观幸福感、应付方式、职业压力之间存在显著相关性。结论自我效能感与实习医学生的职业满意度下降、离职率升高有关。     

Smoking-related self-efficacy, beliefs, and intention: assessing factorial validity and structural relationships in 9th-12th grade current smokers

Smoking-related self-efficacy and beliefs about the benefits of smoking are consistently related to intention to continue smoking, a common proximal outcome in youth smoking cessation studies. Some measures of these constructs are used frequently in national and state youth tobacco surveys, despite little evidence of validity for high school smokers. Further, the association of the constructs with intention has not been demonstrated in this group. The factorial validity of the measures and the cross-sectional correlations among self-efficacy, beliefs, and intention were examined among 9th-12th grade current smokers (N=2,767, 13.8% reporting smoking >1 cigarette in the previous 30 days; mean age 16.2; 61.2% white, 6.2% Black, 17.8% Hispanic, 5.0% Asian, 3.5% other; response rate 70%) from a convenience sample of 22 Texas schools. Confirmatory factor analyses supported evidence of factorial validity for the scales in this sample. Structural equation modeling analyses suggested youth smokers have low confidence in their ability to avoid smoking, believe smoking offers emotional or social benefits, and intend to continue smoking. The scales assess smoking-related self-efficacy, beliefs, and intention in this sample. Prospective studies are needed before intervention development implications are suggested.     

门诊协同护理联合认知重构干预对老年冠心病患者的效果分析

目的　探究门诊协同护理联合认知重构干预在减少老年冠心病患者再次入院中的应用。方法　选取2019年7月至2021年7月在无锡市第二人民医院门诊治疗后定期复查的老年冠心病患者82例,以奇偶分组法均分为参照组及试验组,每组41例。参照组男18例,女23例,年龄（69.07±5.62）岁;试验组男22例,女19例,年龄（69.31±5.47）岁。参照组行认知重构干预,试验组加用门诊协同护理。对两组疾病知识掌握、自我效能测定量表及西雅图心绞痛问卷生活质量数据进行测评。统计学方法采用独立样本t检验、配对t检验、χ²检验。结果　试验组疾病知识掌握率高于参照组［95.12%（39/41）比80.49%（33/41）］,差异有统计学意义（χ²=4.100,P=0.043）;干预后,试验组自我效能的自我护理技能评分［（36.21±2.82）分比（34.51±2.74）分］、自我责任感评分［（11.26±2.74）分比（9.52±2.65）分］、自我概念评分［（25.36±2.63）分比（23.52±2.84）分］及健康知识水平评分［（48.29±2.67）分比（46.56±2.58）分］均高于参照组,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;试验组生活质量的躯体活动评分［（24.89±2.59）分比（26.53±2.63）分］、躯体症状评分［（23.71±2.64）分比（25.46±2.84）分］、情绪困扰评分［（15.76±2.63）分比（17.45±2.88）分］及生活满意度评分［（14.66±2.56）分比（16.35±2.64）分］均低于参照组,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。试验组患者的再入院率低于参照组［2.44%（1/41）比14.63%（6/41）］,差异有统计学意义（χ²=3.905,P=0.048）。结论　门诊协同护理联合认知重构干预能够有效改善老年冠心病患者的疾病知识掌握程度,提高其自我效能及生活质量水平,降低患者的再入院率。