类肝素结合性表皮生长因子在人子宫内膜植入窗期的表达和意义

探讨类肝素结合性表皮生长因子 (HB-EGF)在人正常子宫内膜中的表达特点 ,评估其在子宫内膜的生长、分化及在植入窗期介导胚泡着床中的作用。采用免疫组织化学方法检测 5 6例正常子宫内膜 (1 6例增殖期 ,1 3例分泌早期 ,1 5例分泌晚期 ,1 2例植入窗期 )中 HB-EGF的表达及定位。结果 :HB-EGF在人各期子宫内膜均有表达 ,在植入窗期或分泌中期子宫内膜上皮细胞和间质细胞表达最强 ,并定位于腺上皮和腔上皮细胞表面 ,呈顶浆分泌状。结论 :HB-EGF存在于人各期子宫内膜 ,在植入窗期明显高表达可能参与介导胚泡着床 ,并与间质细胞的生长、分化有关 ,利于子宫内膜蜕膜化 ,为胚泡着床做准备。     

中文听觉双字词认知中的正字法即时激活效应——来自ERP的证据

目的:探讨中文听觉双字词认知中的正字法即时激活效应.方法:采用事件相关电位(ERP)技术,操纵3种双字词条件(一致性:一致、首字不一致、尾字不一致),选择9个电极,使用时间窗分析技术,以50ms为一个时间窗分析300-350ms以及375-675ms时段的脑电波.结果:对前部脑电波平均波幅进行方差分析发现,三种实验条件在575-625ms时间窗差异显著,而在625-675ms时间窗差异边缘显著.首字不一致和一致条件在575-625ms时间窗差异显著,而在625-675ms时间窗差异边缘显著.结论:在中文听觉双字词认知中可能同样存在正字法即时激活效应.     

Impairment of echocardiographic acoustic window caused by breast implants.

Cosmetic breast implants are increasing in popularity. The presence of a breast implant overlying the anterior mediastinal space as a cause of impairment of the echocardiographic acoustic window has not been described previously. Here, we report three cases with significant impairment of echocardiographic acoustic window caused by breast implants. Clinicians should be aware of this interference and women should be informed of this dilemma before considering this cosmetic surgery.     

两种手术方式治疗高血压脑出血的疗效比较

目的比较小骨窗显微镜下手术及CT引导血肿吸引治疗高血压基底节区出血的疗效。方法回顾性分析110例高血压基底节区出血的临床表现、手术方式及疗效。结果小骨窗显微镜下手术58例,CT引导血肿吸引52例。2组年龄、术前血压、血肿量、术前GCS评分及发病至手术时间均无明显差异(P>0.05)。血肿清除量:小骨窗组优于血肿吸引组(P<0.01);术后48h意识好转率小骨窗组(77.6%)高于血肿吸引组(65.4%),差异有显著性(P<0.05);再次出血率,CT引导血肿吸引组高于小骨窗显微镜下手术组(P<0.05)。结论小骨窗显微镜下手术清除血肿充分、止血彻底,疗效优于CT引导血肿吸引术。     

以Hurst指标识别室性心动过速与心室纤颤

目的为了准确、快速地识别出窦性心律（NSR）、室性心动过速（VT）与心室纤颤（VF）。方法本文引入基于多尺度分析的非线性算法——Hurst index,来量化ECG信号的非线性动力学特征。结果从MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database、MIT-BIH Malignant Ventricular Ectopy Database与CU Ventricula Tachyarrhythmia Database典型数据库中引用数据,并对该算法进行验证与评价,结果表明：当滑动窗长度是5s时,NSR、VT与VF被完全正确地检出;另外,该算法的运算速率远高于经典的非线性算法———复杂度算法。结论在临床应用中,用Hurst指标识别室性心律失常具有极大的潜力。     

Developmental stage-specific effects of perinatal 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin exposure on reproductive organs of male rat offspring.

Exposure to a relatively low dose of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodebenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) during mid-gestation induces a reduction of ventral prostate weight in rat offspring. Recently we reported that a single administration of TCDD (12.5-800 ng/kg body weight) to pregnant Holtzman rats on gestational day (GD) 15 caused a decrease in androgen receptor (AR) mRNA level in the ventral prostate during the prepubertal period, and we proposed that this reduction of AR mRNA is one of the most sensitive adverse endpoints due to perinatal exposure to TCDD (S. Ohsako et al., 2001, TOXICOL: Sci. 60, 132-143). In the present study, to investigate the mechanism of a decrease in AR mRNA level, we administered TCDD to rats at other developmental stages and compared possible alterations of the male reproductive system. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were given a single oral dose of 1 microg TCDD/kg body weight on GD 15 or GD 18, or male pups born from untreated dams were subcutaneously given a single dose of 1 microg TCDD/kg body weight on postnatal day 2 (PND 2). Offspring exposed on GD 15, GD 18, and PND 2 were sacrificed on PND 70. TCDD exposure on GD 15 resulted in significant decreases in the urogenital complex and ventral prostate weights and urogenital-glans penis length of male rat offspring, but not on GD 18 and PND 2. Testicular and epididymal weights were also lower than control group only in the TCDD-exposed GD 15 group. Anogenital distance was significantly reduced in the TCDD-exposed GD 15 and GD 18 groups, but not in the TCDD-exposed PND 2 group. Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that AR mRNA levels were decreased in the TCDD-exposed GD 15 group only, and that the constitutive level of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) mRNA in the ventral prostate was not changed by TCDD in any of the exposed groups. No changes in AR mRNA level were detected in the testis or brain in any of the TCDD-exposed groups. These results suggest the presence of a critical window during development with regard to impairments of male reproductive organs by in utero and lactational exposure to a low dose of TCDD.     

The retina: A window in which to view the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most familiar type of dementia affecting elderly populations worldwide. Studies of AD patients and AD transgenic mice have revealed alterations in the retina similar to alterations which occur in the AD brain. Moreover, AD retinal pathology occurs even earlier than AD brain pathology. Importantly, non-invasive imaging techniques can be utilized for retinal observation due to the unique optical transparency of the eye, which acts as a convenient window in which preclinical pathology in the AD brain can be monitored. In this review, we overview the existing literature covering different forms of AD retinal pathology and propose a basis for the clinical application of using the retina as a window to view AD during preclinical and clinical stages.     

生理盐水保留灌肠后超声检查肝外胆管梗阻病变(附77例分析)

目的提高肝外胆管梗阻性病变的超声显示率。方法对肝外梗阻性黄疸而常规超声检查未显示出梗阻病变的77例患者实施生理盐水保留灌肠使结肠充盈成为肝外胆管的透声窗,然后采用腹部超声诊断仪寻找其后方的胆管梗阻病变。结果灌肠成功的患者71例(灌肠成功率92.0%),能显示肝外胆管梗阻病变68例,显示率为96.0%。其中结石55例,肿瘤11例,炎性狭窄2例。仍有3例未能显示出肝外胆管梗阻病变。结论被生理盐水充盈的结肠确能作为肝外胆管的透声窗,从而使肝外胆管梗阻病变的超声显示率显著提高。