胎儿主肺动脉窗产前超声心动图特征

目的 探讨胎儿主肺动脉窗（APW）的产前超声心动图特点。方法 回顾性分析经产前超声诊断的16胎APW胎儿的超声心动图特点,包括APW缺损部位、大小、分型、分流情况及合并其他心内、心外畸形情况。结果 胎儿超声心动图诊断的16胎APW胎儿中,引产10胎,出生2胎,失访4胎。4胎接受尸体解剖的胎儿引产标本中,3胎超声心动图结果与病理结果一致,1胎病理证实为共同动脉干。2例出生后接受手术治疗,其超声心动图结果均与手术结果一致。15胎APW中,Richardson Ⅰ型2胎（2/15,13.33%）,Ⅱ型9胎（9/15,60.00%）,Ⅲ型4胎（4/15,26.67%）。APW超声心动图特点为三血管切面或左心室流出道、右心室流出道切面可见主动脉与肺动脉之间的间隔回声失落,CDFI示大动脉水平可见双向分流信号。15胎均合并其他心内、心外畸形,包括主动脉弓异常6胎（6/15,40.00%）、室间隔缺损6胎（6/15,40.00%）、肺动脉异常6胎（6/15,40.00%）、动脉导管异常5胎（5/15,33.33%）、静脉异常4胎（4/15,26.67%）、圆锥动脉干畸形3胎（3/15,20.00%）、Berry综合征3胎（3/15,20%）、法洛四联症1胎（1/15,6.67%）、单脐动脉1胎（1/15,6.67%）。结论 产前超声心动图对APW具有诊断价值,能准确评估APW缺损部位、大小、分型及血流情况,可作为首选检查方法。     

手术时机对小骨窗显微手术治疗高血压脑出血患者预后的影响

目的 探究小骨窗显微手术治疗高血压脑出血的最佳手术时机.方法 连续纳入2010年6月至2014年6月来我院神经外科高血压脑出血发病24 h内接受小骨窗显微手术治疗患者.前瞻性队列研究方法进行研究设计,根据入院接受手术时间分为对照组(＞6h)27例及研究组(≤6h) 31例.两组患者均全麻下进行小骨窗开颅显微手术.术后1周内检测死亡、并发症及再出血例数.手术前后对患者进行GOS评分,手术后1周及半年对患者进行随访,并进行ADL评分及WHOQOL-BREF评分.结果 术前两组GOS评分无统计学差异(P＞0.05),术后研究组患者GOS评分显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).术后1周,两组ADL评分无统计学差异(P＞0.05);术后半年,研究组患者ADL评分显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).术后1周,两组WHOQOL-BREF评分无统计学差异(P＞0.05);术后半年,研究组患者WHOQOL-BREF评分显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).通过多重线性回归发现,在校正性别、年龄、术前GOS评分后,手术时机与术后GOS评分呈线性关系,发病到手术的时间越短,其术后GOS评分越高(P＜0.05).结论 发病到手术的时间越短,患者术后预后越好,在发病后6h内进行手术能够显著提高患者的预后,促进日常生活活动功能的恢复,提高患者的生存质量,具有重要意义.     

不同巴曲酶治疗时间窗对急性脑梗死患者脑血管储备的影响

目的 探讨不同时间窗使用巴曲酶治疗急性脑梗死患者对脑血管储备(CVR)的影响.方法 根据发病时间以及治疗方法,123例急性脑梗塞患者分为对照A组(29例,发病12 h以内开始常规治疗)、对照组B组(33例,发病12 h以后开始常规治疗)、治疗A组(29例,发病12 h内常规治疗基础上加用巴曲酶)、治疗B组(32例,发病12 h以后常规治疗基础上加用巴曲酶).对比4组患者治疗前后斯堪地那维亚卒中量表(SSS)评分、大脑中动脉平均血流流速增加值(MFV1-MFV0)、CVR、动脉指数(PI)及两治疗组治疗前后各指标的变化量Δ(MFV1-MFV0)、ΔCVR、ΔPI.结果 治疗后4组患者SSS评分、MFV1-MFV0及CVR较治疗前均升高(P<0.05),PI值较治疗前降低(P<0.05);治疗A、B组治疗后上述指标均优于相应对照组(P<0.05);治疗A组Δ(MFV1-MFV0)、ΔCVR、ΔPI高于治疗B组相应指标(P<0.05).结论 巴曲酶对急性脑梗死患者有显著疗效,能改善患者CVR.早期使用巴曲酶对急性脑梗死患者CVR功能改善作用较为显著,随着时间的推移,疗效降低.     

Hyperacute Management of Ischemic Strokes: JACC Focus Seminar

Acute ischemic stroke is the leading cause of disability and among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator has been a cornerstone for treatment of acute ischemic stroke for more than 20 years; however, its use is limited due to a narrow therapeutic window, several contraindications, and low efficacy to recanalize the artery in large vessel occlusion. Recently, the addition of endovascular mechanical thrombectomy of large artery occlusion has revolutionized the stroke treatment for most disabling strokes. The paper reviews updates to the thrombolytic treatment as well as catheter-based treatment, and results from recent trials in the selection of patients in an extended time window using perfusion imaging.     

小骨窗入路显微外科治疗高血压基底核区脑出血51例临床疗效观察

目的研究小骨窗入路显微外科治疗高血压基底核区脑出血的临床效果,为临床高血压基底脑出血的治疗提供依据。方法对入院治疗的102例患者进行研究,随机分为二组,对照组采用常规骨瓣开颅手术,观察组采用小骨窗入路显微外科治疗,比较二组患者GCS评分、溃疡及癫的发生率,二组患者手术时间、血肿清除率以及术后再出血率,比较二组患者脑梗死、脑积液等并发症的发生率,并对二组患者日常生活能力进行评分比较。结果观察组患者术后24h GCS评分明显高于对照组,癫及溃疡的发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者手术时间明显低于对照组,血肿清除率以及术后再出血率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者脑梗死、脑积液、肺部感染等并发症的发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者生活能力良好率为80.4%,明显高于对照组54.9%,二组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论小骨窗入路显微外科治疗高血压基底核区脑出血临床效果显著,手术操作时间更短,患者并发症更少,患者恢复生活能力的良好率更高,值得临床推广应用。     

Evaluation of the optimum time for direct application of fibroblast growth factor to human traumatic tympanic membrane perforations

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the optimum time for direct application of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on large traumatic tympanic membrane perforations (TMPs). Study design: Prospective clinical study. Setting: Tertiary University Hospital. Methods: Ninety-three patients, with traumatic TMPs greater in extent than 25% of the entire tympanic membrane, were randomized into observation and bFGF-treated groups (～0.2–0.25?mL of bFGF solution was applied directly onto the TM once daily and continued until the perforation closed). Initial visit times were subcategorized into perforation durations of ≤3 and >3 days, thereby rendering two subgroups, as follows: A and B in the observation group; and C and D in the bFGF-treated group. The closure rate and mean closure time were evaluated after 6 months. Results: Eighty-six patients were finally analyzed. After 6 months, the bFGF-treated group exhibited a significantly higher total closure rate (97.8 versus 82.5%, p?<?0.05) and a shorter mean closure time (12.5?±?3.4 versus 34.0?±?5.9 days, p?<?0.05) compared with the spontaneous healing group. In addition, in the observation group, visiting time was not associated with differences in closure rate (p?>?0.05) and mean closure time (p?>?0.05), between the A and B subgroups. Similarly, in the bFGF-treated group, visiting time was not associated with differences in closure rate (p?>?0.05) between the C and D subgroups. However, the D subgroup was characterized by significantly shortened mean closure time compared with the C subgroup (p?<?0.05). Conclusions: This study shows the beneficial effect of bFGF on human traumatic large TMPs when applied after the 3rd day post-injury had passed (i.e. during the proliferative stage of wound healing). The procedure can not only significantly shorten closure time but can also reduce both the clinical administration duration and occurrence of side-effects associated with bFGF.     

The Self and Its Prolonged Intrinsic Neural Timescale in Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia (SCZ) can be characterized as a basic self-disorder that is featured by abnormal temporal integration on phenomenological (experience) and psychological (information processing) levels. Temporal integration on the neuronal level can be measured by the brain’s intrinsic neural timescale using the autocorrelation window (ACW) and power-law exponent (PLE). Our goal was to relate intrinsic neural timescales (ACW, PLE), as a proxy of temporal integration on the neuronal level, to temporal integration related to self-disorder on psychological (Enfacement illusion task in electroencephalography) and phenomenological (Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience [EASE]) levels. SCZ participants exhibited prolonged ACW and higher PLE during the self-referential task (Enfacement illusion), but not during the non-self-referential task (auditory oddball). The degree of ACW/PLE change during task relative to rest was significantly reduced in self-referential task in SCZ. A moderation model showed that low and high ACW/PLE exerted differential impact on the relationship of self-disorder (EASE) and negative symptoms (PANSS). In sum, we demonstrate abnormal prolongation in intrinsic neural timescale during self-reference in SCZ including its relation to basic self-disorder and negative symptoms. Our results point to abnormal relation of self and temporal integration at the core of SCZ constituting a “common currency” of neuronal, psychological, and phenomenological levels.     

Asleep Surgery May Improve the Therapeutic Window for Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus

ObjectiveThe effect of anesthesia type in terms of asleep vs. awake deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery on therapeutic window (TW) has not been investigated so far. The objective of the study was to investigate whether asleep DBS surgery of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) improves TW for both directional (dDBS) and omnidirectional (oDBS) stimulation in a large single-center population.Materials and MethodsA total of 104 consecutive patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) undergoing STN-DBS surgery (80 asleep and 24 awake) were compared regarding TW, therapeutic threshold, side effect threshold, improvement of Unified PD Rating Scale motor score (UPDRS-III) and degree of levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) reduction.ResultsAsleep DBS surgery led to significantly wider TW compared to awake surgery for both dDBS and oDBS. However, dDBS further increased TW compared to oDBS in the asleep group only and not in the awake group. Clinical efficacy in terms of UPDRS-III improvement and LEDD reduction did not differ between groups.ConclusionsOur study provides first evidence for improvement of therapeutic window by asleep surgery compared to awake surgery, which can be strengthened further by dDBS. These results support the notion of preferring asleep over awake surgery but needs to be confirmed by prospective trials.     

2种手术入路上颌窦底提升同期种植失败原因和并发症分析

目的:探讨经侧壁或牙槽嵴入路上颌窦底提升术对种植体生存率的影响,分析失败原因和并发症。方法:采用回顾性队列研究,分析2000—2015年在合肥市口腔医院口腔颌面外科就诊、由同一名医师完成上颌窦底提升同期种植的患者。主要预测变量是经侧壁入路上颌窦底提升术和经牙槽嵴入路上颌窦底提升术,混杂变量是性别、年龄、吸烟史、糖尿病史、口腔卫生状况、牙位、种植体长度和直径、修复类型。结果变量为种植体存活率、失败原因和并发症。采用SPSS 21.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:59例患者进入研究对列,男31例（52.5%）,女28例（47.5%）,平均年龄(61.3±10.1)岁。随访(5.6±1.2)年,5颗种植体失败,成功率为88/93（94.6%）。经侧壁入路上颌窦底提升术种植牙失败3颗,成功率为18/21(85.7%); 经牙槽嵴入路上颌窦底提升术种植牙失败2颗,成功率为70/72(97.2%)。单因素分析显示,吸烟史（χ²=6.662,P=0.010）、口腔卫生状况（χ²=4.352,P=0.037）以及手术入路（χ²=4.232,P=0.040）与种植体存活率相关;多因素回归分析显示,仅有吸烟史（OR=0.030,95CI:0.002~0.493,P=0.014）与种植体存活率相关;手术入路（χ²=5.000;P=0.025）与种植体失败原因相关,侧壁入路3颗（100%）种植体失败的原因是（3个月时）松动、骨愈合不良,而牙槽嵴入路2颗（100%）种植体失败的原因是（4年后）种植体周围反复感染、大量骨质丢失。吸烟史和种植体并发症显著相关（χ²=12.433,P=0.014）,吸烟患者发生种植体周围炎的比例显著较高（6/88,6.8%）。手术入路和种植体并发症之间无显著相关性（χ²=9.453,P=0.051）。结论:尽管不同手术入路上颌窦底提升术对种植体存活率和术后并发症无显著影响,但手术入路与种植体失败原因相关。吸烟会导致种植体周围炎,降低种植体存活率。     

侧壁开窗上颌窦底提升术后垂直向骨增量的观察研究

目的通过观察侧壁开窗上颌窦底提升术后垂直向骨增量的变化情况,研究其相关的影响因素。方法收集上颌后牙区牙列缺损行侧壁开窗上颌窦底提升术分期种植患者资料,对纳入病例的术前剩余牙槽骨高度(residual bone height,RBH)、术后当日垂直向骨高度、术后6个月垂直向骨高度及垂直向骨增量的变化情况进行观察。结果术后6个月较术后当日垂直向骨高度有显著性降低,降低量为0.56±0.25mm;上颌窦底黏膜厚度的术后6个月较术后当日垂直向骨增量的变化量无明显差异;在不同剩余牙槽骨高度情况下,术后6个月较术后当日垂直向骨增量的变化量有统计学差异,RBH大于5mm的患者相对RBH小于5mm的患者垂直向骨增量的降低值显著增加;上颌窦宽度与术后6个月较术后当日垂直向骨增量的降低值呈正相关。结论侧壁开窗上颌窦底提升术后6个月较术后当日存在垂直向骨增量的降低现象;剩余牙槽骨高度大于5mm时垂直向骨增量的降低值显著增加;上颌窦宽度与垂直向骨增量的降低值呈正相关。