穴性小窥 从中药的性能看腧穴的性能

腧穴是针灸处方的基本要素之一,恰如中药处方要考虑中药的性质一样,针灸处方的制定要充分考虑每一个腧穴的特性。中药之药性可以表现为升降浮沉、寒热温凉、五味、归经、毒性及中药的功能等方面,然而腧穴的穴性又该如何去认识呢?我们采用与中药类比的手段,对腧穴的穴性进行了归纳、总结,与中药相对应,穴性则可表现为升降浮沉、寒热、针感、经络归属、不良反应及功能等方面。对穴性的把握,将更加有利于准确选穴、配穴,增强疗效,缩短疗程。     

羟丙基甲基纤维素酞酸酯的制备与性能测定

目的制备肠溶包衣材料羟丙基甲基纤维素钛酸酯(HPMCP),并分析其结构和性能。方法采用红外光谱、紫外分光光度法和化学分析法进行表征,并测试HPMCP在有机溶剂中的溶解性、pH敏感性及其在人工肠液中的溶解情况。结果HPMCP中邻苯二甲酰基的含量与制备过程中加入邻苯二甲酸酐的量密切相关;丙酮/乙醇/水等混合溶剂是HPMCP的良溶剂;HPMCP在pH5.1~5.4缓冲液中能快速溶解。结论HPMCP有较好的包衣工艺性和较高的生物利用度。     

Adult-onset alcohol consumption induces osteopenia in female rats

BACKGROUND: Alcohol is a known risk factor for osteopenia and fracture in humans, and its effects on the skeleton have been studied extensively in animal models. Almost all studies of rats, however, have begun rats on alcohol diets while the animals were young and still growing. The purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of alcohol consumption on rats that began drinking alcohol as adults, so that the confounding effects of growth might be minimized. METHODS: Nine-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were studied for two durations (8 and 14 weeks). The following diet groups were used for both durations: alcohol (n = 7), in which rats were fed a liquid diet containing ethanol (8.1% v/v; Lieber-DeCarli method); pair-fed (n = 7), in which rats were fed a caloric-equivalent liquid diet matched to the alcohol-fed animals; and pellet (n = 6), in which rats consumed standard rat chow and water. A cessation protocol was also used in which alcohol- and pair-fed groups were fed liquid diets for 8 weeks and then given pellet chow and water for 6 weeks, with pair feeding maintained during the cessation period. RESULTS: Only minor effects developed in the rats in the 8-week group, but after 14 weeks, the cancellous bone of the proximal tibia was severely osteopenic in the alcohol-fed animals. The bone volume and trabecular number were both significantly lower in the alcohol-fed animals than in the pair-fed and pellet-fed control animals and also lower than in the alcohol-fed animals in the 8-week group. Mechanical properties of the cancellous bone in the distal femur also were significantly diminished in the 14-week alcohol-fed group. Composition and mechanical properties of the cortical bone in the femur diaphysis were largely unaffected, but the yield stress was significantly lower in the 14-week alcohol-fed group than in the 8-week alcohol-fed group. No significant effects were found in the cessation groups with regard to almost all parameters measured. CONCLUSIONS: Our study results demonstrate that chronic adult-onset alcohol consumption leads to significantly diminished cancellous bone properties and that these effects depend on the duration of alcohol use.     

Comparison of Nanoindentation Measurements Between Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type III and Type IV and Between Different Anatomic Locations (Femur/Tibia versus Iliac Crest)

Nanoindentation was used to compare the intrinsic mechanical properties of bone tissue (iliac crest biopsy) from children with type III and type IV osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Young's modulus and hardness values were not significantly different between the two clinical severity groups on either cortical or trabecular measurement. In comparing the ratio of modulus over hardness (E/H) between OI type III and IV. The type III bone showed a marginally significant decrease for cortical bone and significant decrease for trabecular bone, which indicated that the OI type III bone was more brittle than OI type IV bone at the tissue level. In addition, nanoindentation measurements of the bone tissue harvested at femur/tibia from the same patients were compared with the results from the iliac crest biopsy. Young's modulus and hardness values were not significantly different between the two anatomic locations in either cortical or trabecular measurements. The ratio of E/H was not significantly different between the two groups. Results indicate that intrinsic modulus, hardness, and indentation deformation pattern (E/H) of OI bone tissues are not significantly different at long bone (midshaft of femur/tibia) and iliac crest. We observed that age (1.9 to 13.2 years) did not influence OI bone tissue intrinsic mechanical properties.     

聚（L-丙交酯-co-乙交酯）的制备及性能研究

以辛酸亚锡为催化剂、1,4-丁二醇为引发剂,在高温、高真空条件下本体开环聚合制备了乙交酯与L-丙交酯质量比例为6∶4的聚（L-丙交酯-co-乙交酯）（PLGA）。通过IR、^1H NMR对聚合物的结构进行了表征,用DSC、TGA、XRD、流变仪等对聚合物的热性能、结晶性、流变性能进行了研究。研究结果表明PLGA具有较高的热稳定性,且是以非晶态存在的;其熔融流体为剪切变稀流体,储能模量较低,损耗模量较高。     

多孔细菌纤维素-聚乳酸乙醇酸复合支架制备及性能研究

目的制备多孔细菌纤维素(Bacterial Cellulose,BC)-聚乳酸乙醇酸(Poly Lactic-co-gly-colic acid,PLGA)复合支架及研究其相关性能。方法溶液浇铸/粒子沥滤技术制备多孔BC-PLGA复合支架并检测相关理化性能(抗张强度、断裂伸长率、吸水率和孔隙率)。然后接种成骨样细胞MG-63体外培养,通过扫描电镜(SEM)观测细胞生长状况;四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法(MTT)分析支架浸提液毒性。结果多孔BC-PLGA支架抗拉强度为(9.8536±0.9155)N/mm2,伸长率为(596.16±81.51)%,孔隙率为(65.11±5.72)%,吸水率为(69.42±5.13)%;扫描电镜和MTT法检测结果显示支架无细胞毒性,对MG-63细胞具有良好的亲和性及增殖活性。结论多孔BC-PLGA复合支架具备良好的理化性能和生物相容性,有望用作组织工程支架材料。     

木瓜凝乳蛋白酶研究进展

概述了木瓜凝乳蛋白酶(EC3．4．22．6)在结构、性质、药理作用方面的研究进展以及开发前景。     

壳聚糖对灰黄霉素的助溶作用

讨论了壳聚糖(chitosan)对灰黄霉素(GRF)的助溶作用,发现壳聚糖脱乙酰化程度的不同对GRF的助溶作用也不同,而壳聚糖分子量的大小对助溶作用并无显著影响,结果表明壳聚糖对GRF的助溶作用主要是通过分子间的缔合作用而造成。     

白前弹性蛋白酶抑制剂的制备及其性质的研究

用白前干根茎为原料,经缓冲液提取,硫酸铵分级沉淀以DEAE-纤维素52层析纯化,对水透析和冷冻干燥得到抑制剂。经聚丙烯酰胶凝胶电泳证明是均一的,分子量约为35000D;经等电聚焦法测得等电点为5.28。抑制剂与弹性蛋白酶的结合以pH8.8为最适,用pH对Ki作图求得该抑制剂对弹性蛋白酶的作用基团的pK值为6.5,经双倒数作图证明抑制剂对弹性蛋白酶的抑制属竞争性抑制,该抑制剂为世界上首先发现。     

Zur Mutagenität von Desmethyl-Trichlorphon im Dominanten-Letal-Test an der Hausmaus

Zusammenfassung Nach i.p.-Applikation einer einmaligen Dosis von 405 mg/kg Desmethyl-Trichlorphon (Natriumsalz) sowie von 54 mg/kg täglich über 3 Wochen an AB-Mäuse war die mutagene Wirkung im Dominanten-Letal-Test mindestens ebenso groß wie nach Applikation von Trichlorphon in gleicher Dosierung. Diesem Befund zufolge scheint die genotoxische Wirkung des Trichlorphons nicht ausschließlich im Zusammenhang mit seinen alkylierenden Eigenschaften zu stehen.

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The Mutagenicity of desmethyltrichlorphone in dominant lethal test on mice

After i.p. administration to AB mice of 405 mg/kg desmethyltrichlorphone (sodium salt) in a single dose and 54 mg/kg daily for 3 weeks, the mutagenic effect in the dominant lethal test was at least the same as that of trichlorphone. These findings indicate that the genotoxic effect of trichlorphone is not likely to be due to its alkylating properties.