Aim: To assess daily practices in paediatric and neonatal ventilatory care in Finland. Methods: All neonatal and paediatric intensive care units in Finland were sent a questionnaire on ventilatory strategies and were offered a 3‐month prospective survey. Results: A total of 96% of units returned the questionnaire, and clinicians agreed on most of the principles of lung‐protective ventilation. Seventeen hospitals (94%) joined the prospective survey. On average, 2.3 new ventilation episodes were started daily, and totally 211 episodes were monitored. Pulmonary problems (64%) were the main cause of treatment in neonates and postoperative care (68%) in older children. Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation with pressure support was the primary mode in 42% of episodes. Hypocapnia was observed repeatedly in all units. In adult intensive care units, children often received high oxygen fraction, leading to hyperoxia, and they were frequently sedated with propofol, which is not licensed for that purpose. A large proportion of children had only light sedation or no sedation at all. Despite the different strategies and practices, most episodes resulted in a favourable outcome. Conclusion: Most of the principles of lung‐protective ventilation have been well accepted by clinicians. More attention should be paid to achieving normocapnia and normoxia and to the correct use of sedatives, especially in units that only occasionally provide paediatric ventilation. 相似文献
Objective: To determine the association between spinal cord injury (SCI) etiology categories and mortality, and examine the association between etiology sub-categories and mortality.
Design: Prospective cohort study.
Setting: Model Systems and Shriners Hospital SCI units.
Participants: Data were analyzed from 42,627 cases in the SCI Model System Collaborative Survival Study Database from 1973 to 2017. Those with SCI etiologies categorized as vehicular, violent, sports, falls, pedestrian, and medical were included.
Interventions: Not applicable.
Outcome Measure: Time to mortality after SCI.
Results: Relative to the sports related etiology category, those with medical, pedestrian, violence, falls, and vehicular related SCIs had a 2.00 (95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.79–2.24), 1.57 (CIs: 1.34–1.83), 1.54 (CIs: 1.41–1.68), 1.35 (CIs: 1.25–1.45), and 1.26 (CIs: 1.17–1.35) higher hazard for mortality, respectfully. Persons with SCIs from automobile crashes had a 1.38 (CIs: 1.23–1.56) higher hazard for mortality, whereas those with SCIs from motorcycle crashes had a 1.21 (CIs: 1.04–1.39) higher hazard for mortality, relative to other etiologies within the vehicular category. Those with SCIs from diving had a 1.37 (CIs: 1.18–1.59) higher hazard for mortality relative to other etiologies within the sports category.
Conclusions: Injury etiology categories and certain sub-categories were associated with a higher risk for early mortality. Understanding how additional factors such as socioeconomic status, co-occurring injuries, medical co-morbidities, and environmental aspects interact with SCI etiologies may provide insights for how etiology of injury impacts survival. These findings may serve as a development for extending long-term life expectancy by informing SCI prevention programs and care post-injury. 相似文献
Reminiscence is a psychological intervention that uses the recall of past events, feelings, and thoughts to facilitate pleasure, quality of life, and adjustment to present life. The main goal of this study was to investigate the effect of a reminiscence intervention programme on coping strategies. One hundred fifty healthy older adults attended the reminiscence sessions. In order to evaluate the effects of the programme and find out if its effects lasted over time, we used an experimental design with pretest, posttest, and follow‐up assessments, comparing a control group to the intervention group. Repeated‐measures analysis of variance showed significant differences in problem‐solving coping, positive reappraisal, social support seeking, and avoidance coping with the treatment group obtaining higher scores than the control group in all cases. The effects declined after 3 months, but some differences were found in the treatment group obtaining higher scores in problem‐solving coping and positive reappraisal and lower in overt emotional expression. The study suggests that reminiscence therapy contributes to mental health by enhancing coping strategies that can allow the elderly to cope successfully and overcome psychological distress. 相似文献
The mycophenolic acid (MPA) preparations are one of the most commonly used immunosuppressants in the United States. However, these agents carry a black box warning regarding their use during pregnancy due to an association with increased risk of miscarriage and congenital defects. To ensure that the benefits of MPA outweigh the risks, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) required all manufacturers of MPA products to propose risk evaluation and mitigation strategies (REMS). Four years after initially calling for proposals, the FDA approved a single shared REMS system in September 2012. The elements of the MPA REMS include a medication guide and elements to assure safe use (ETASU). The medication guide, which was previously FDA‐approved in 2008, should continue to be distributed to patients, and the ETASU requires physicians to complete training and obtain patient signatures on the “Patient‐Prescriber Acknowledgement Form.” A single, national, voluntary pregnancy registry is available, and pregnant patients should be encouraged to participate. Although the impact of the MPA REMS on clinical practice is not clear, it is a step toward increasing the understanding of fetal risks with MPA products among patients and possibly practitioners. 相似文献
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that presents predominantly with impairments in learning and memory. Patients with AD are also susceptible to false memories, a clinically relevant memory distortion where a patient remembers an incorrect memory that they believe to be true. The use of cognitive strategies to improve memory performance among patients with AD by reducing false memories has taken on added importance given the lack of disease-modifying agents for AD. However, existing evidence suggests that cognitive strategies to reduce false memories in patients with AD are of limited effectiveness, although these strategies may be useful at earlier stages of the disease. The purpose of this review is to examine experimental findings of false memories and associated memory processes in patients with mild cognitive impairment due to AD and mild AD dementia. Cognitive strategies to reduce false memories in these patient populations are also reviewed. Approaches to clinically relevant future research are suggested and discussed. 相似文献