食管腺癌单纯手术与合并术前化疗比较

[目的]比较食管腺癌单纯手术与合并术前化疗的预后。[方法]单纯手术组91例，术前DDP，5FU联合化疗组16例，术前VP16、ADM、DDP联合化疗组22例，比较3组的生存率。[结果]单纯手术组91例手术死亡率2％，2年生存率24％，4年生存率8％。术前DDP、5FU联合化疗组16例，化疗后完全缓解1例（16％），部分缓解5例（31％），无效10例（63％），12例手术切除，1例由于化疗有关死亡，1例手术死亡，2、4年生存率均为42％。术前DDP、ADM、VP16联合化疗组22例，化疗后1例完全缓解（5％），11例部分缓解（50％），10倒无效（45％），18例手术切除，无手术死亡，2年生存率58％。[结论]术前化疗能明显提高食管腺癌病人的生存率，同时治疗应个体化。     

Impact of Varying Stages of Endometriosis on the Outcome of In Vitro Fertilization–Embryo Transfer

Purpose: The impact of severity of endometriosis on the outcome of in vitro fertilization (IVF) was analyzed in an uncontrolled, retrospective study in an academic IVF program. Methods: Sixty-one patients with a primary diagnosis of endometriosis undergoing 85 cycles of IVF were included in the study. Patients were divided according to the severity of disease based on the revised American Fertility Society (AFS) classification into groups A (stages I/II, or minimal/mild) and B (stages III/IV, or moderate/severe). Group A included 32 patients undergoing 45 IVF-embryo transfer (ET) cycles; group B included 29 patients undergoing 40 IVF cycles. Exclusion criteria were age older than 40 years, basal day 3 follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) greater than 20 IU/L, male-factor infertility, assisted hatching, and gamete intrafallopian transfer cases. Stimulation for IVF cycles was standard using pituitary down-regulation with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in a midluteal protocol. Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) was achieved using a combination of FSH and human menopausal gonadotropin. Outcomes assessed included response to COH and number, maturity, and quality of oocytes retrieved. Fertilization, implantation, and pregnancy rates after IVF-ET were also analyzed. Results: The response to COH and the number, maturity, and quality of the oocytes was comparable between patients with varying severity of endometriosis. Fertilization rates for oocytes of patients in group B (stages III/IV) were significantly impaired compared to those in group A (stages I/II) (P = 0,004). The rates for implantation, clinical pregnancy, and miscarriage were comparable between the two groups. Conclusions: The reduced fertilization potential of the oocytes obtained from patients with severe endometriosis in the absence of male-factor infertility suggests an adverse biological impact of the advanced disease on the oocytes. The outcome of IVF-ET, however, is unaffected by increasing severity of endometriosis. This suggests that IVF may compensate for or overcome this reduction in the biological potential of the oocytes associated with severe disease, thus accounting for a comparable outcome irrespective of the severity of endometriosis.     

腔内超声对直肠癌术前分期诊断的应用价值

目的:评价腔内超声(ELUS)对直肠癌术前分期诊断的准确性及局限性.方法:对58例直肠癌术前行ELUS检查,参考TNM分期标准进行术前分期诊断,并与手术及术后病理结果对照.结果:ELUS对58例直肠癌浸润深度诊断符合率达79.3%,T1、T2、T3、T4各期诊断灵敏度分别为100%、58.8%、87.5%、83.3%.对T2期诊断灵敏度最低,误诊7例中6例过深判断为T3期,且均为溃疡型腺癌.ELUS对54例直肠癌淋巴结转移诊断灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为76.9%、75.0%、75.9%.淋巴结转移ELUS漏诊6例,淋巴结转移ELUS诊断假阳性7例.结论:ELUS对直肠癌浸润深度及肠周淋巴结转移诊断准确度较高,可成为直肠癌术前分期诊断良好的方法.对T2期的过深判断为影响诊断符合率的重要因素,肿瘤导致肠腔明显狭窄或肿瘤位于直肠上段也影响ELUS的准确性.     

肝癌组织、癌旁组织中HBsAg、HCV抗原表达与肝组织纤维化分期的相关性研究

目的研究肝癌组织、癌旁组织中乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）抗原表达与肝组织纤维化分期的相关性.方法采用免疫组织化学方法对肝癌组织及癌旁组织中的HBsAg、HCV抗原表达进行了标记和分析,同时对肝癌组织及癌旁组织进行肝组织纤维化分期.结果肝组织纤维化程度与HBV、HCV感染有明显相关性（rs=0.32,P=0.001）;HBsAg和HCV抗原在癌组织及癌旁组织中表达有差异,HBsAg主要在癌旁组织表达（79%）,高于癌组织（23%）;而HCV抗原在癌组织（15%）与癌旁组织表达（23%）水平相当.结论有病毒感染背景的肝癌组织,其纤维化程度高于无病毒感染的肝癌组织;病毒的感染是肝癌发生的原因,长期的病毒血症会加速肝纤维化的进展.     

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Osteosarcomas

The ultrasonographic appearances of osteosarcomas and the roles of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and surgical staging of osteosarcomas were investigated. A comparative study was performed on 45 cases of osteosarcomas by ultrasonography and radiography. Bony changes, periosteal reaction and soft tissue mass were evaluated for each lesion. The results showed that ultrasonography revealed a solid mass around bone in 42 patients, bone destruction in 24 patients and periosteal reaction in 16 patients. Plain radiographs showed bony changes in 44 patients and no bony change in remaining one patient, shadowing of soft tissue swelling in 30 patients, and pulmonary metastases in 3 patients. Surgical biopsy and pathological examination confirmed osteosarcoma in all 45 patients. Soft tissue mass was confirmed in 42 patients surgically. The diagnostic accuracy of soft tissue masses by ultrasonography and radiography was 100 % (42/42) and 71.4 % (30/42), respectively. The positive rate of ultrasonography and radiography in displaying bony changes was 53.3 % (24/45) and 97.8 % (44/45), respectively. In conclusion, in the detection of soft tissue mass of osteosarcoma, ultrasonography is superior to radiography, and in displaying bony changes of osteosarcomas, radiography is superior to ultrasonography. So it may come to a conclusion that plain radiography combined with ultrasonography can completely display the bony and soft tissue lesion of osteosarcomas.     

鼻咽部纤维血管瘤供血动脉术前栓塞的临床应用

目的 探讨选择性动脉栓塞对鼻咽部纤维血管瘤手术的应用价值。方法 对12例鼻咽部纤维血管瘤行术前栓塞，供血动脉主要为颈外动脉系统，以其分支颌内动脉多见；部分有颈内动脉系统参与供血。结果 12例病人于栓塞术后2～3d行手术切除术，术中出血减少，肿瘤易于剥离。结论 鼻咽部纤维血管瘤术前栓塞疗效肯定，应作为术前常规准备。     

双探头符合线路断层显像（SPECT／CT）和增强CT扫描对29例肺癌纵隔淋巴结分期的比较分析

目的 评价SPECT对肺癌淋巴结分期的诊断价值。方法 对29例肺癌患者进行胸部SPECT显像，勾划肺内病灶感兴趣区（ROI）。在对侧相应位置复制相同大小（ROI）测定靶／非靶比值（T／N）和病灶大小。进行纵隔淋巴结分期，并与同期增强CT纵隔淋巴结分期结果比较。结果 SPECT对纵隔淋巴结转移诊断的灵敏度、特异性均高于增强CT的诊断。结论 SPECT对肺癌纵隔淋巴结的准确分期有很高的应用价值，有助于指导临床治疗方案的制定。     

Expression of BAG-1 and BcL-2 Proteins Before and After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy of Locally Advanced Breast Cancer

It has been suggested that expression of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 or BAG-1 may confer cellular resistance to chemotherapy. A corollary of this hypothesis is that expression of these proteins may predict clinical response to treatment and that Bcl-2- or BAG-1-positive cells may selectively be enriched in postchemotherapy tissue specimens. The goal of this exploratory pilot study was to assess these two predictions by using immunohistochemistry in 29 paired pre- and postchemotherapy breast tissue specimens obtained from patients who underwent preoperative doxorubicin-based chemotherapy. All breast cancers expressed BAG-1 protein, and, in individual tumors, 40-100% of neoplastic cells stained positive for this protein. Homogenous cytoplasmic staining was typically observed, though neoplastic cells also showed nuclear staining in many specimens. We found no correlation between prechemotherapy expression of BAG-1 and subsequent pathological response to cytotoxic therapy. Paired pre- and posttreatment specimens showed similar levels of BAG-1 expression when residual tumor could be assessed. Bcl-2 was expressed in 55% of cancers and was localized to the cytoplasm. Absence of Bcl-2 expression in prechemotherapy specimens was associated with more frequent complete pathological response (58% vs. 20%; p = 0.04). However, similar to BAG-1, no difference between pre- and posttherapy expression of Bcl-2 was observed in neoplastic cells in paired tissue specimens. These observations suggest that BAG-1 contributes an important cellular function to breast epithelial cells, which is reflected by its ubiquitous expression in these tissues. However, it does not appear to determine response to doxorubicin-based chemotherapy. In contrast, lack of Bcl-2 expression was associated with a higher probability of complete pathological response to doxorubicin-based chemotherapy.     

B/C基因型的乙型肝炎病毒在不同ALT状态下对乙型肝炎相关性肾炎的差异性影响

【目的】探讨不同ALT状态下B/C基因型的乙型肝炎病毒对乙型肝炎相关性肾小球肾炎的差异性影响。【方法】回顾性分析兰州大学第一医院确诊为乙型肝炎相关性肾小球肾炎的患者558例,所选病人均病历完整,均接受过肾组织病理学检查,化验指标包括：丙氨酸氨基转移酶、肌酐、尿β2微球蛋白、尿N-乙酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶、血尿素氮、肾小球滤过率、乙型肝炎病毒载量及基因型。【结果】B型C型基因型的乙肝相关性肾小球肾炎均以弥漫性膜增生性肾病为主（57.9%vs.54.4%）,其次为毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎（25.3%vs.28.0%）,局灶节段肾小球硬化（9.7%vs.9.0%）和系膜增生性病变（7.1%vs.8.6%）较为少见。在ALT正常组B/C基因型的乙型肝炎病毒对肾脏功能影响差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。而在ALT≥2倍上限组中,C型基因型较B型基因型的乙型肝炎相关性肾小球肾炎患者中,血肌酐、血尿素氮、24h尿蛋白定量、尿NAG、尿β2M明显增高（P<0.05）,而肾小球滤过率GFR明显下降（P<0.05）,差异有统计学意义。在ALT正常组中B/C型的乙型肝炎病毒对慢性肾脏病分期差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。而在ALT≥2倍上限组中,C型基因型较B型基因型的乙型肝炎相关性肾小球患者中,慢性肾脏病分期有趋于加重的倾向（χ2=11.144,P=0.025）。【结论】对比分析不同基因型的乙型肝炎病毒对乙型肝炎相关性肾炎的差异性影响,将有助于帮助临床诊治乙型肝炎相关性肾炎。