Serum Leptin Levels in Patients with Premature Ejaculation

Leptin is a fat cell-derived hormone signaling the hypothalamus about food intake, the regulation of weight, and sexual behavior. The inhibitory effect of serotonin on libido, ejaculation, and orgasm is well documented. There is an interaction between leptinergic and serotonergic systems in the central nervous system. This study was conducted to evaluate serum leptin levels of the patients with premature ejaculation. The study group consisted of 15 patients with premature ejaculation according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Revised Version ( DSM -III-R) and 15 healthy controls. The fasting serum leptin levels were measured. Significantly high serum leptin levels in the patients were found after body mass index or age adjustment. The intravaginal ejaculation latency time negatively correlated with leptin levels in both patient and control groups. In addition, there was a positive correlation between leptin levels and the duration of illness. It would appear that leptin may be associated with premature ejaculation.     

4909例活产儿低体重情况分析

目的通过对4909例活产儿的出生低体重分析，找出影响出生低体重的相关因素，为降低出生低体重儿的发生提供有力数据。方法通过对4902例活产儿中385例出生低体重儿的住院病历及起母亲的住院病历进行详细分析，并进行相关调查。结果出生低体重与母亲居住地区、母亲文化程度等有关。结论提高母亲文化程度，降低母亲并发症，从而降低早产是降低出生低体重的关键。     

孕中期解脲支原体感染与胎膜早破关系的探讨

目的 探讨孕中期生殖道解脲支原体（ＵＵ）感染与胎膜早破的关系。方法 采用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）方法，对１９９５年１２月至１９９６年１２月中山医科大学附属第一医院妇产科１５６例初产妇于孕１３周￣２７＾＋６周进行宫颈分泌物ＵＵ的检测，对照ＵＵ阳性与ＵＵ阴性孕妇胎膜早破的发生率。结果 孕妇宫颈分泌物ＵＵ阳性者胎膜早破发生率占３０．１６％，而ＵＵ阴性者胎膜早破发生率占１３．９８％（Ｐ〈０．０５）。结论 胎     

A longitudinal study of prospective control in catching by full-term and preterm infants

Prospective control when catching moving toys was studied longitudinally in full-term and preterm infants between the ages of 22 and 48 weeks. The toy’s distance and time to the catching place and its velocity were explored as possible timing strategies used by infants to start their hand movement. The aim of the study was to find evidence for a shift in timing strategy and whether there were differences between full-term and preterm infants. In addition, it was investigated how infants continuously guided their hands to the toy and whether this guidance was influenced by their use of timing strategy. The toy approached the infants from the side with different constant velocities and constant accelerations. Results showed that there was little difference between full-term and preterm infants’ use of timing strategies. Initially, infants used a distance- or velocity-strategy, possibly causing them to have many unsuccessful catches. After a shift to a time-strategy, infants appeared to increase the number of successful catches and performed longer and more functional tau-couplings between the hand and the toy. One preterm infant did not switch to a time-strategy, and frequently missed the moving toy. The same infant also showed less functional tau-coupling with non-controlled collisions between the hand and the toy. More follow-up research is needed to investigate whether problems with extracting the relevant perceptual information for action could be an early indication of later perceptuo-motor difficulties.     

激素补充治疗卵巢早衰的疗效观察

目的探讨卵巢早衰（premature ovarian failure，POF）患者性激素补充的规范治疗。方法将40例POF患者根据发病至就诊时间分为短病程组和长病程组，均接受性激素补充治疗，比较治疗前及治疗半年后更年期症状评分（Kupperman评分）、血清促卵泡刺激素（sF）水平、雌二醇（E2）水平、子宫体积、子宫内膜厚度及卵巢体积的变化情况。结果短病程组患者治疗后SF下降（P〈0．01），E2升高（P〈0．05）；长病程组患者治疗后虽然SF有所下降，E2升高，但差异无统计学意义。两组受试患者治疗后均有规律性撤退性出血，短病程组中有1例于治疗后5个月自然妊娠，伴有低雌激素症状者均得到不同程度改善。短病程组Kupperman评分均值由治疗前29．11分降低至3．41分，长病程组Kupperman评分均值由治疗前22．17分隆低军4．13分．结论早期发现POF日存闭经1年内讲行激素补充治疗可以取得更好的疗效。     

胎膜早破早产对母儿的影响

目的：研究胎膜早破早产的临床处理对母儿的影响。方法：收集1997．、－2000．8在我院分娩的胎膜早破病例114例，比较破膜24小时内分娩和破膜≥24小时分娩者产妇宫内感染的发生率和早产儿的死亡率。结果：经抑制宫缩、静脉注射地塞米松后破膜≥24小时分娩者30－34周早产儿的死亡率明显降低。结论：胎膜早破患者应适当延长胎龄，应用地塞米松、抗生素，适时分娩。     

Influence of clinical status on the association between plasma total and unbound bilirubin and death or adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely low birth weight infants

Objectives: To assess the influence of clinical status on the association between total plasma bilirubin and unbound bilirubin on death or adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18–22 months corrected age in extremely low birth weight infants. Method: Total plasma bilirubin and unbound bilirubin were measured in 1101 extremely low birth weight infants at 5 ± 1 days of age. Clinical criteria were used to classify infants as clinically stable or unstable. Survivors were examined at 18–22 months corrected age by certified examiners. Outcome variables were death or neurodevelopmental impairment, death or cerebral palsy, death or hearing loss, and death prior to follow‐up. For all outcomes, the interaction between bilirubin variables and clinical status was assessed in logistic regression analyses adjusted for multiple risk factors. Results: Regardless of clinical status, an increasing level of unbound bilirubin was associated with higher rates of death or neurodevelopmental impairment, death or cerebral palsy, death or hearing loss and death before follow‐up. Total plasma bilirubin values were directly associated with death or neurodevelopmental impairment, death or cerebral palsy, death or hearing loss, and death before follow‐up in unstable infants, but not in stable infants. An inverse association between total plasma bilirubin and death or cerebral palsy was found in stable infants. Conclusions: In extremely low birth weight infants, clinical status at 5 days of age affects the association between total plasma bilirubin and death or adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18–22 months of corrected age. An increasing level of UB is associated a higher risk of death or adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes regardless of clinical status. Increasing levels of total plasma bilirubin are directly associated with increasing risk of death or adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in unstable, but not in stable infants.     

孕妇血和脐血中IL-8与绒膜羊膜炎关系的研究

目的:探讨胎膜早破及其绒膜羊膜炎时孕妇血和脐血白细胞介素-8(interleukin-8,IL-8)的意义。方法:采用放射免疫法对30例胎膜早破孕妇血和脐血进行IL-8的测定,并以正常足月妊娠孕妇20例做对照。组织绒膜羊膜炎通过产后胎盘病理确诊。结果:胎膜早破孕妇血和脐血IL-8的水平明显高于对照组(P<0.01～0.02),随着破膜时间延长IL-8升高,且时间超过30小时IL-8明显升高,绒膜羊膜炎患者孕妇血和脐血IL-8与非绒膜羊膜炎比较,有显著差异(P<0.001)孕妇血和脐血IL-8的变化与产力无关(P>0.05),两组孕妇血和脐血IL-8水平呈正相关(P<0.001)。结论:孕妇血IL-8的浓度可作为足月胎膜早破组织绒膜羊膜炎筛选的一个指标。     

Distinct molecular events suggest different pathways for preterm labor and premature rupture of membranes

OBJECTIVE: On a clinical level, the etiologies associated with premature rupture of the membranes and preterm labor are virtually identical, though these conditions end in distinctly different events. This study was designed to determine differences between preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of membranes by using molecular markers of extracellular matrix degradation and apoptosis. STUDY DESIGN: Amniochorion and amniotic fluid samples were collected from gestational age-matched groups of women undergoing cesarean delivery before term. Samples were collected from 2 groups of women, women with premature rupture of membranes and women with preterm labor with no rupture of membranes. Changes in the expression pattern of messenger ribonucleic acid for matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP), and pro-apoptotic (p53 and Bax) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) proteins were identified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the levels of these proteins in the amniotic fluid. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction was performed to study the expression of Fas-Fas ligand-associated pro-apoptotic genes. Unpaired nonparametric, 2-tailed Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine statistical significance of quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (P <.05 was considered significant). RESULTS: Quantitative polymerase chain reaction results demonstrated an increased mRNA expression for MMP2, MMP9, and MT1-MMP and a decreased expression for TIMP2 in prematurely ruptured membranes compared with preterm labor membranes. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay documented increases in the amniotic fluid concentrations of immunoreactive and bioactive MMP2 and MMP9 and immunoreactive MMP3 and a decreased TIMP2 concentration in fluids obtained from the premature rupture of membranes group compared with the preterm labor group. The pro-apoptotic genes p53 and bax were up-regulated in premature rupture of membranes when compared with preterm labor. Anti-apoptotic gene (Bcl-2 ) expression was increased in preterm labor membranes compared with prematurely ruptured membranes. Interleukin-18 (a pro-apoptotic cytokine) was increased in the amniotic fluid during premature rupture of membranes compared with preterm labor. Prematurely ruptured membranes also demonstrated fragmented deoxyribonucleic acid and expression of Fas and caspase 8 (apoptosis initiator), which were all absent in preterm labor membranes. CONCLUSIONS: We have begun to delineate 2 divergent molecular pathways for premature rupture of membranes and preterm labor. Most likely, this is the beginning of the identification of differences that will become evident with the use of molecular biology.