Timing of Cholecystectomy in Acute Cholecystitis

Background

Cholecystitis is an inflammation of the gallbladder that most commonly occurs as a result of obstruction of the cystic duct by gallstones. The current standard of treatment for acute cholecystitis is cholecystectomy.

Current evidence of peripheral vestibular symptoms secondary to otitis media

Background: The association between otitis media and vestibular symptoms has been hypothesized in the past. Thus, in this study, we aimed to critically analyze (based in a systematic review of the literature) whether patients who have otitis media are at greater risk of developing vestibular impairment or not.

Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature and identified potentially relevant articles reporting vestibular symptoms and results of vestibular function tests in patients with otitis media through searches of the PubMED, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the final set of records was assessed using the “Newcaste–Ottawa Scale”.

Results: Of the 2334 records searched, 43 met our inclusion and exclusion criteria, and those included 2250 patients. The records comprised 20 longitudinal studies, 21 cross-sectional studies, and 2 case reports. Regarding the type of otitis media studied, 25 examined vestibular impairment in otitis media with effusion, 6 acute otitis media, and 12 chronic otitis media. Results of anamnesis, clinical exams, and several vestibular function tests are reported and critically discussed.

Conclusion: Most studies evaluating the association between otitis media and vestibular symptoms have potential methodological flaws. Clinical evidence suggests that patients with otitis media have increased chances for having vestibular symptoms, delayed acquisition of developmental milestones, and abnormalities in several vestibular function tests as compared with controls. Future studies with rigorous methodology aiming to assess the clinical significance (and prognostic factors) of the association between otitis media and vestibular impairment are warranted.

• Key message

• Several studies demonstrated long-term sequelae secondary to otitis media. However, the evidence supporting those assumptions are based in low-quality evidence. Thus, better structured studies are warranted to better understand the clinical relevance of such association.

     

Ahmed青光眼阀植入术后并发症分析及处理

目的探讨不同类型的青光眼采用Ahmed青光眼阀植入术后出现并发症的处理。方法分析23例(26只眼)Ahmed青光眼阀植入术失败的原因,并对其处理措施及疗效进行回顾性分析,术后随访36个月。结果23例(26只眼)Ahmed青光眼阀植入眼压由术前平均(31.84±7.10)mm Hg(8.01~47.03 mm Hg)。术后降至(19.86±7.10)mm Hg(8.01~31.03 mm Hg)。其早期并发症有浅前房、低眼压的9只眼,占34.62%;早期高眼压的7只眼,占26.92%;迟发性脉络膜上腔出血3只眼,占11.54%;因引流盘纤维包裹引起术后中远期高眼压19只眼,占73.08%;引流物蚀出或引流管暴露的4只眼,占15.38%;眶上神经痛1只眼,占3.85%;排异反应1只眼,占3.85%。结论青光眼房水引流管植入术后并发症是不容忽视的,应据情况及时处理。     

单绒毛膜双羊膜囊双胎减胎的研究进展

与辅助生殖技术(ART)相关的单卵双胎(MZT)的发生率不断升高。双胎妊娠绒毛膜性的判定可对其风险进行分层。单绒毛膜双羊膜囊(MCDA)双胎围生期具有高发病率和死亡率,其各种减胎方法各有利弊。传统的阴道超声引导下的胚胎组织穿刺抽吸术具有局限性,现主要采用血管闭塞技术用于对MCDA双胎进行选择性减胎,比如脐带双极电凝术和射频消融术等。减胎术的并发症主要有未足月胎膜早破(PPROM)和早产,但有关MCDA的各种减胎方法的时机、适应证及预后等尚未形成统一的标准,故对于减胎术后的新生儿必须进行长期的随访。     

自然周期冻融胚胎移植内膜准备中使用不同药物诱发排卵对妊娠结局的影响

目的:比较采用自然周期冻融胚胎移植内膜准备过程中自然排卵与人绒毛膜促性腺激素(h CG)诱发排卵及促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(Gn RHa)诱发排卵的不同临床结局。方法:回顾性分析湖南省郴州市第一人民医院生殖医学中心2011年10月—2013年10月采用自然周期准备子宫内膜的273例冻融胚胎移植周期。根据是否使用诱发排卵药物及药物的种类分为3组:A组为自然排卵组(n=181);B组为h CG诱发排卵组(n=47);C组为Gn RHa诱发排卵组(n=45)。比较3组患者的临床资料和妊娠结局。结果:13组年龄、移植日子宫内膜厚度、移植胚胎数、移植优胚率等比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。2A组临床妊娠率(56.4%)高于C组(33.3%,P0.01),而A组临床妊娠率与B组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.016 7)。结论:在自然周期冻融胚胎移植的内膜准备过程中,使用h CG诱发排卵对妊娠结局无不良影响,而使用Gn RHa诱发排卵则可能影响其临床结局。     

Imported Melioidosis in South Korea: A Case Series with a Literature Review

Objectives

Melioidosis is a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by the environmental anaerobic Gram-negative bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei. Melioidosis is endemic to areas of northern Australia and Southeast Asia. With increasing international travel and migration, imported cases of melioidosis are being reported regularly. Here, we summarize the 11 cases of melioidosis reported in South Korea from 2003 to 2014.

Methods

Tracing epidemiological investigations were performed on every patient reported to the National Surveillance System since 2011. A systematic literature search was performed to identify melioidosis cases that occurred prior to 2011.

Results

The overall fatality rate was 36.4%. All the patients had visited Southeast Asia where melioidosis is endemic. The stay in the endemic region ranged from 4 days to 20 years. Of the seven patients who developed initial symptoms after returning to South Korea, the time interval between returning to South Korea and symptom onset ranged from 1 day to 3 years. The remaining four patients developed symptoms during their stay in the endemic region and were diagnosed with melioidosis in South Korea. Seven (63.6%) patients possessed at least one risk factor, all of whom were diabetic. Pneumonia was the most frequent clinical manifestation, but the patients showed a wide spectrum of clinical features, including internal organ abscesses, a mycotic aneurysm of the aorta, and coinfection with tuberculosis.

Conclusion

An early diagnosis and initiation of the appropriate antibiotics can reduce the mortality of melioidosis. Consequently, increased awareness of the risk factors and clinical features of melioidosis is required.     

Assessment of visual outcomes of cataract surgery in Tujia nationality in Xianfeng County, China

AIM: To evaluate the visual outcome and factors influencing visual outcome of manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) in the rural area in the Xianfeng County. METHODS: Eighty-two eyes of 82 patients who underwent cataract surgery performed by using MSICS technique were identified. Data collected included each patient’s age, gender, the level of education. Uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA and CDVA) at presentation and at 1, 6, 8wk postoperatively, pre-existing eye disease, operative findings and complications, the risk factors were evaluated. RESULTS: In 82 patients, the average age was 69.6±0.6y, illiterate were 52 (63.4%). Of 82 eyes, pseudophakia was present in 77 eyes (93.9%). At 1wk postoperatively, 47 eyes (57.3%) had the UDVA of ≥6/18, and 52 eyes (63.4%) had the CDVA of ≥6/18. At 6 to 8wk postoperatively, 50 eyes (61.0%) had UDVA of ≥6/18, and 57 eyes (69.5%) had the CDVA of ≥6/18. Postoperative visual status was significantly related to the co-morbidities, such as corneal pathology, glaucoma (P<0.001). Operative complications, such as posterior capsule opacity and cystoid macular edema were main operative cause for the poor visual outcome. CONCLUSION: MSICS provides a good visual recovery in our study but the vision outcome did not fulfill the standards proposed by WHO, which highlights the need for an improvement in local socioeconomic understanding, population education and surgery quality.     

Corneal injection track:an unusual complication of intraocular lens implantation and review

Phacoemulsification is the main gold standard for cataract operation in the developed world together with foldable intraocular lens (IOL) implantation by injection, allowing for stable wound construction and less postoperative astigmatism. It is a safe procedure with high success rate with the advancement in machines, improvement of IOL injection systems and further maturation of surgeons’ techniques. Despite the large number of operations performed every day, foldable IOL injection leading to an intra-stromal corneal track is a very rare complication. We report a case of this unusual finding in a 70-year-old gentleman who has undergone cataract operation in November 2011 in our hospital and will review on the complications related to foldable IOL injection.     

协同刺激分子B7-H1在自发性流产患者的表达及其生物学意义

目的研究协同刺激分子B7‐H1在自发性流产患者的表达及其生物学意义。方法 ELISA法检测正常未孕者（A组,52例）、正常妊娠者（B组,49例）、自发性流产患者（C组,52例）和自发性流产后再妊娠者（D组,17例）血清可溶性B7‐H1（sB7‐H1）的含量。免疫组化法检测正常妊娠行人工流产术患者（E组,20例）和自发性流产患者（F组,21例）绒毛膜和蜕膜中B7‐H1的表达。结果 A、B、C、D组血清sB7‐H1含量无统计学差异（P＞0．05）。E组蜕膜中B7‐H1的表达高于F组（P＜0．05）,但两组绒毛膜中B7‐H1的表达无统计学差异（P＞0．05）。结论 B7‐H1参与了正常妊娠过程;其异常表达对自发性流产的发生有重要意义。