新式会阴保护法对预防会阴伤口水肿疗效148例对照研究

目的探讨新式会阴保护法预防产时会阴伤口水肿的疗效,提高产科护理质量。方法回顾性分析2010年7月至2011年7月我院采用新式会阴保护法进行护理的148例发生会阴裂伤患者的临床资料,并以同期采用传统会阴保护法进行会阴保护的148例患者为对照组,比较两组患者产后会阴水肿发生率,水肿程度以及水肿持续时间,裂伤后会阴侧切的发生率;比较两组患者住院时间及患者满意度。结果观察组患者产后会阴水肿的发生率低于对照组,水肿持续时间明显短于对照组,组间比较具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者住院时间明显低于对照组,患者满意度高于对照组,组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论新式会阴保护法更符合自然分娩规律,有利于产妇的产时保护,值得临床推广。     

5-0铬制肠线用于急诊修复甲床裂伤

目的探讨5-0铬制肠线用于急诊修复甲床裂伤的效果。方法选择43例甲床裂伤患者,使用5-0铬制肠线急诊修复甲床并甲板原位缝合,随访3-6个月,观察临床治疗效果。结果术后随访3-6个月,以最后一次评定结果为疗效。43例45指疗效评定,优39指,良4指,可2指,总优良率95.6%。结论应用5-0铬制肠线用于急诊修复甲床裂伤手术简单有效,适用于急诊科急诊治疗甲床裂伤。     

Perineal hernia as a rare complication after laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection: Report of a case

We report what seems to be the second documented case of perineal hernia after laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection (APR) and describe its successful repair with transperineal intraperitoneal mesh. An 89-year-old woman complained of a large, painful perineal swelling 4 months after APR for rectal cancer. Computed tomography (CT) showed small intestine protruding through the pelvic floor into the perineal area. However, opening of the hernia sac revealed no intra-abdominal adhesions. An oval, 8 × 12 cm Bard Composix Kugel Patch (Davol, Cranston, RI, USA) was inserted into the intraperitoneal space and secured over the defect in the pelvic floor; then firmly attached to the pelvic wall with 16 interrupted nonabsorbable sutures. There has been no sign of hernia recurrence in 10 months of follow-up. We speculate that because laparoscopic surgery is minimally invasive, fewer postoperative adhesions in the abdominal cavity can result in the small bowel sliding more readily into the perineal area. Based on our experience, perineal hernia after laparoscopic APR can be repaired easily and effectively with a Composix Kugel Patch.     

Long-term comorbidity of diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for perineal wound complications after an abdominoperineal resection

Background  This report is an attempt to clarify the effect of diabetes mellitus on perineal wound complications including infectious entities and delayed wound healing after abdominoperineal resection and also tried to show the risk factors for perineal wound complications. Material and methods  The data of 80 patients who underwent an abdominoperineal resection were reviewed from April 1996 to March 2006. Results  The rate of perineal wound complications is higher in diabetics (67%) than in nondiabetics (18%, p = 0.005). In a multivariate analysis, diabetes mellitus and operation time (≥420 min) were the risk factors for perineal wound complications (p = 0.040, p = 0.027, respectively). Infectious perineal wound complication was associated with diabetes mellitus (p < 0.001) but not with the operation time (p = 0.097). Furthermore, a longer comorbid duration of diabetes (≥10 years) was a significant predictor for perineal wound complications (p = 0.008). Conclusion  This study demonstrated diabetes mellitus to be independently associated with perineal wound complications, and when the patients have diabetes mellitus, especially with a longer comorbid duration and longer operation time, the clinical path should be changed to reduce perineal wound complications.     

Total dura substitute in the spine: double layer dural substitute made from polylactide layer and bovine pericardium

Summary When there is significant loss of spinal dura mater, dural substitution with synthetic or allogenic materials is essential. In the case of laminectomy, mechanical protection and reformation of the dorsal spinal canal may be useful. This is a report on a patient with total dura loss through tumour atrophy of the dura and laminae. In order to reconstruct the dorsal face of the spinal canal a polylactide sheet was cut and shaped to fit the physiological contour. A bovine dura substitute was firmly attached and sutured to the inner surface of the polylactide shield. The implant was wedged in between the pedicles and the facet joints and resulted in a water-tight dura substitute maintaining the shape of the spinal canal and protecting it against mechanical forces and intradural scar formation.     

Evolution of the technique in the transanal pull-through for Hirschsprung's disease: effect on outcome

Background

The transanal pull-through has become the standard operation for Hirschsprung's disease in many pediatric surgical centers. Over the past 8 years, we have modified our technique by leaving a short—rather than a long—rectal cuff and by doing routine intraabdominal colonic biopsies through an umbilical incision before beginning the anal dissection. The aim of this study was to determine if these modifications have changed the outcome for children undergoing this operation.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of all patients who underwent transanal pull-through by a single surgeon between 1997 and 2005 was conducted.

Results

There were 23 children who had a long cuff (10-15 cm) and 22 who had a short cuff (<2 cm). The short cuff group tended to be younger (25 ± 23 vs 139 ± 67 days; P < .05) and smaller (3.5 ± 0.7 vs 6.0 ± 2.7 kg; P < .05) at the time of surgery. The operating time was shorter (167 vs 186 minutes; P = .05) in the short cuff group. Outcomes were improved in the short cuff group, as evidenced by decreased hospital stay (1.9 ± 0.6 vs 2.7 ± 0.9; P < .05), decreased incidence of enterocolitis (9% vs 30%; P = .1), and lower incidence of narrowing requiring daily dilatations (5% vs 30%; P < .05). Preliminary colonic biopsy was performed on 18 of the 45 patients. This had no significant effect on narcotic use (66% vs 70%; P = .8) and did not increase operating time (174 ± 31 vs 179 ± 34 minutes; P = .6). Hospital stay was shorter in the umbilical biopsy group (1.9 ± 0.6 vs 2.6 ± 0.9 days; P = .006).

Conclusion

Results of the transanal pull-through have improved likely as a result of a combination of experience and use of a shorter rectal muscular cuff. The use of a preliminary colonic biopsy through an umbilical incision has not increased postoperative pain, prolonged operative time, or lengthened hospital stay.     

Anorectal hamartoma in a neonate: a unique anorectal mass

Neonates presenting with perineal masses are uncommon. When encountered, most perineal masses are anorectal malformations, sacrococcygeal teratomas, rectal prolapse, or duplication cysts.We present an otherwise healthy newborn with a patent anal canal and a pedunculated anal mass. The mass was initially believed to be a prolapsed rectal duplication cyst. Further evaluation for concomitant congenital abnormalities was negative. The patient underwent mass excision at the bedside under local anesthesia. Histopathologic evaluation revealed benign hamartoma.This case is presented because of its rarity, unique presentation, and simplicity of management.     

脑挫裂伤的环池及中脑改变与预后

目的探讨脑挫裂伤后CT扫描征象中环池、中脑受压程度与患者意识和预后的关系。方法回顾分析1999年2月至2006年6月临床和CT资料完整的脑挫裂伤患者169例,依据伤后首次CT扫描的环池、中脑受压情况,与伤后意识和转归进行统计学处理。结果死亡39例,病死率23．1％。其中27例术后由于脑干、丘脑功能衰竭死亡;8例伤后并发肺部感染、高热、上消化道出血死亡;4例减压术后脑内迟发性出血再次开颅术后死亡。结论观察伤后环池及中脑的形态改变不仅能够了解脑挫裂伤或脑组织肿胀挤压中线结构对中脑损害的动态演变过程,而且还能帮助临床医师评估患者的预后、选择治疗方法及评估治疗措施是否有效。     

鼻泪管填塞联合黏弹剂注入在复杂泪小管断端定位中的应用

目的：探讨鼻泪管填塞联合黏弹剂注入在不易寻找断端的复杂泪小管吻合术中定位鼻侧断端的应用效果。

方法：对我院收治13例13眼不易寻找断端的外伤性单根泪小管断裂患者,采用RS泪道引流管自完整的泪小管插入泪道填塞鼻泪管,再注入黏弹剂,使黏弹剂自断裂泪小管的鼻侧断端溢出,用于定位不易寻找鼻侧断端,并完成泪小管吻合手术。

结果：不易寻找断端的患眼13眼,使用RS泪道引流管填塞鼻泪管,在注入黏弹剂后,可在显微镜直视下发现凝胶自鼻侧断端溢出,并成功置入泪道引流管,断端寻找成功率为100%。13眼均置管3mo后拔管,随访6mo。其中治愈9眼,显效3眼,无效1眼。治愈率69%,总有效率92%。

结论：鼻泪管填塞联合黏弹剂注入操作简单,对术者的临床经验要求相对较低,适合不同程度的单根泪小管断裂患者,能够在较短的时间内完成不易寻找断端的复杂泪小管断裂吻合手术,是一种新的快速定位鼻侧断端的技术。     

新型RS泪道引流管和环形硅胶管置入术治疗泪小管断裂的疗效

目的：观察新型RS泪道引流管和环形硅胶管置入术治疗泪小管断裂的疗效及安全性。

方法：回顾性研究。选取2018-08/2021-08我院泪小管断裂患者64例64眼,根据治疗方式不同,分为RS泪道引流管置入术组34眼和环形硅胶管置入术组30眼。比较两组患者术后3、6mo临床疗效、手术时间、术后眼睑肿胀消退时间、并发症情况。

结果：RS泪道引流管置入术组和环形硅胶管置入术组患者术后3mo(94% vs 87%)和术后6mo总有效率(91% vs 83%)比较均无差异(均P<0.05); RS泪道引流管置入术组手术时间、术后眼睑肿胀消退时间均明显短于环形硅胶管置入术组(均P<0.001); RS泪道引流管置入术组患者并发症总发生率低于环形硅胶管置入术组(12% vs 33%,P=0.037)。

结论：RS泪道引流管和环形硅胶管置入术治疗泪小管断裂均能获得良好疗效,但RS泪道引流管治疗的患者手术时间更短,术后恢复更快,并发症较少,安全性更好。