以听力障碍为首发症状的脑膜癌病的临床与影像学表现

目的:探讨以听力障碍为首发症状的脑膜癌病的临床与影像学表现.方法:分析7例患者的临床资料、脑脊液和颅脑MRI检查结果.结果:7例患者,临床表现多样,伴有脑神经损害(Ⅶ神经3例,Ⅵ神经2例,Ⅸ、Ⅹ神经1例,Ⅴ神经1例)和脊神经损害(肢体周围性瘫痪2例),均有脑膜刺激征.结论:以听力障碍为首发症状的脑膜癌病易误诊,脑脊液发现癌细胞仍是确诊脑膜癌病最简便与最直接的证据,软脑膜-蛛网膜下腔强化是脑膜癌病患者较具特征性的影像学表现.     

脑星形细胞瘤MRI定量参数评价血管内皮生长因子表达的价值

目的探讨MRI定量参数评价星形细胞瘤血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达强弱的可行性.方法收集手术病理证实的脑星形细胞瘤32例,计算MRI定量指标:T1WI、T2WI上的相对信号强度(RSI0)、增强后相对信号强度(RSIGd)及信号强度增加百分率(EP).采用免疫组化法标记VEGF,对照MRI定量参数与VEGF标记指数之间的关系.结果恶性组与偏良性组之间,上述MRI定量参数差异均有显著性;增强后相对信号强度(RSIGd)及信号强度增加百分率(EP)与VEGF呈正相关.结论增强后相对信号强度(RSIGd)及信号强度增加百分率(EP)可以较好地反映星形细胞瘤的VEGF表达强弱和病理分级.     

软组织血管瘤的影像诊断

目的:研究软组织血管瘤的X线平片、CT 和MRI 征象,探讨CT 和MRI对该肿瘤的诊断价值。方法:对经手术病理或临床确诊的软组织血管瘤35例进行回顾性分析。所有病例均行X线平片、CT平扫和增强扫描。其中动态增强扫描8例,MRI检查15例。结果:海绵状血管瘤19例,蔓状血管瘤8例,毛细血管瘤3例,混合型血管瘤2 例,血管瘤病3例。CT平扫肿瘤呈结节状、分叶状、管状或团块状低密度病变。增强扫描后血管成分显著强化,可呈扭曲血管状,而非血管成分不强化或轻度强化。MRIT1WI上肿瘤呈略高信号或等信号,T2WI上呈显著高信号,其中夹杂不均匀信号,病理上代表了脂肪、纤维组织、平滑肌、血栓、静脉石和钙化。结论:CT和MRI对血管瘤均可作出定性诊断,但MRI在显示血管瘤内特征性的血管及血管成分间的脂肪纤维组织方面较CT优越。     

The role of MR imaging in invasive cervical carcinoma

In this article the role of MR imaging in the management of cervical cancer is reviewed and illustrated. The appearance of the normal uterine cervix and of cervical carcinoma is shown. Important factors for optimal MR imaging of cervical carcinoma are reviewed. The value of MR imaging in the staging of cervical carcinoma is illustrated by showing parametrial invasion and lymph node involvement. Finally, the value of MR imaging staging is compared with clinical staging, CT staging, and surgical findings. The role of new imaging techniques, such as fast dynamic enhanced MR imaging, is described. Received: 12 April 1999; Revised: 13 July 1999; Accepted: 14 July 1999     

A multipurpose phantom for quality assurance of contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the breast

A phantom consisting of four components was developed to simulate contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the breast. These components included the correlation between the signal intensity and the contrast medium concentration, the uniformity of signals within surface coils, artefacts due to opposed-phase imaging effects, spatial resolution and the acquisition of relevant signal-to-time curves. Repetitive measurements demonstrated an excellent reproduction of phantom imaging with a deviation in signal intensity of approximately 5 %. The presented phantom allows the optimization of examination protocols as well as the comparison of different examination techniques. Furthermore, it enables the routine quality monitoring of contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the breast. Received: 28 May 1998; Revised: 3 September 1998; Accepted: 14 October 1998     

恶性滋养细胞肿瘤早期彩色多普勒血流显像诊断及化疗监测

目的探讨彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)检测在恶性滋养细胞肿瘤早期诊断及化疗监测中的应用价值。方法应用CDFI对46例恶性滋养细胞肿瘤的血管形态学改变进行了观察及分型,对其峰值血流速度及阻力指数进行了测定,定量测量血绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-HCG)水平监测化疗反应,33例葡萄胎清宫术后恢复正常患者作为对照组。结果滋养细胞肿瘤血流图分为三型:弥漫型、血窦型及实质型。14例获病理诊断,包括3例弥漫型及7例血窦型结果为恶性葡萄胎,4例实质型,3例为绒毛膜癌,1例为化疗后变性坏死物。结论不同类型血流图与血β-HCG、子宫血流动力学改变及化疗的反应相关性好。CDFI作为一种无创,可重复的方法,不仅可对恶性滋养细胞肿瘤进行早期诊断,而且可用于观察化疗效果,判断疾病预后转归。     

儿童气管、支气管非金属异物的影像学诊断

目的 探讨气管、支气管非金属异物的影像学表现，提高对该病的早期诊断率。方法 回顾性分析了60例气管、支气管非金属异物的临床与影像学征象。结果 本组60例中，右侧支气管异物32例，左侧支气管异物22例，主气管异物6例。常见的影像学表现为阻塞性肺气肿51例，纵隔摆动48例。结论 病史及影像学表现是诊断气管、支气管非金属异物的主要手段。     

下咽癌淋巴引流的活体显像研究

目的：探讨下咽癌颈淋巴结转移时肿瘤区域引流淋巴结的活体显像方法，从肿瘤活体淋巴引流的角度观察下咽癌前哨淋巴结和颈淋巴结转移的方式，为颈淋巴结清扫术提供指导信息。方法：在表面麻醉和喉内镜引导下，用特制的注射针将^99mTc标记的人球蛋白注入20例下咽癌的肿瘤部位，在注射后不同时间采用SPECT扫描观察放射性核素通过淋巴扩散的过程及其在引流淋巴结内的浓集，以明确前哨淋巴结的位置和肿瘤颈淋巴结引流过程。同时对颈淋巴清扫标本进行病理检查。结果：20例肿瘤引流淋巴结均获得满意活体显像，显像的淋巴结最大3．5cm，最小1．0cm；12例梨状窝癌的颈部引流淋巴结位于肿瘤侧，其余8例中线结构的肿瘤颈部引流淋巴结均具有明显的优势偏向，即单侧颈部引流现象，没有出现双侧对称引流的病例。20例肿瘤引流淋巴结主要分布在Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ区，未发现Ⅰ区和Ⅴ区显像的淋巴结。术后病理证实20例中有16例发现病理阳性淋巴结，且均位于引流优势侧，未出现对侧和双侧颈淋巴结转移的病例。结论：无论是中线结构或偏中线结构的下咽部癌肿，其向颈部的淋巴引流具有明显的优势偏向特点，术前进行引流淋巴结的活体显像对预测肿瘤转移部位和有目的地进行择区性颈淋巴结清扫术具有重要意义。     

Right and left ventricular volume measurements in an animal heart model in vitro: first experiences with cardiac MRI at 1.0 T

The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy in quantifying right and left ventricular volumes using a 1.0-T system and commercially available, standard equipment. For exact comparison of MRI measurements and real volumes we used an animal heart model ex vivo. Eight pig hearts were explanted and prepared by removal of the atria. Aorta and pulmonary truncus were cannulated. Definable volumes were injected into the ventricles. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 1.0 T (Gyroscan T10 NT, Philips, Eindhoven, The Netherlands); sequence: fast field echo–echo planar (multishot EPI); body coil; MR software: Cardiac Application Package (Philips). Statistical analysis correlated the real volumes and MR measurements separately for both ventricles and two investigators (SAS, ANOVA). For both ventricles and both investigators the correlation between real volumes and MR measurements was greater than 0.99. There was no significant systematic false estimation for both ventricles. Magnetic resonance imaging at 1.0 T using standard hardware and software equipment enables the quantification of right and left ventricular volumes with high approximation to the real volumes in vitro. There is a clear restriction in translating these data into a clinical application because under experimental conditions no motion-induced artifacts existed. Received: 22 July 1999; Accepted: 27 August 1999     

心肌灌注显像放射性稀疏区成因与组织衰减的实验研究

目的探讨正常心肌灌注显像放射性稀疏区的成因.材料与方法对5例猪心行99mTc-MIBI在体和离体心肌灌注显像,并用ROI技术测量左室各部位心肌的放射性水平(计数/像元),由该值在两种状态下的差值计算衰减程度(%).结果两种状态间壁后部和后壁放射性水平最低;在体心肌前壁中段衰减程度(7.9%)高于其前段和后段,该区衰减程度与胸壁厚度呈正相关;后壁衰减程度最高(11.9%).结论胸壁是造成前壁中段稀疏影的原因,膈肌是形成后壁稀疏影的重要原因之一.心肌图像重建时可根据衰减程度作适当补偿.