Efficacy of ultrasound-guided oblique subcostal transversus abdominis plane block after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: A double blind,randomized, placebo controlled study

IntroductionPain control in the morbidly obese can be especially challenging because of increased sensitivity to opioid-induced respiratory depression. The subcostal transversus abdominis plane block is associated with a large area of spread (T7-L1). The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that US-guided TAP blocks can reduce opioid consumption during the first 24 h after of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in comparison with port site local anesthetic infiltration and systemic analgesia.MethodSixty-three ASA II/III adult patients listed for elective laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy were randomly allocated in one of three groups: Group I (OSTAP) received bilateral OSTAP block. Group II (Local) received local anesthetic infiltration at trocar port sites. Group III (Control) placebo group received TAP block and port site infiltration by same volumes of sterile normal saline. Twenty-four hours postopetrative morphine consumption, the dose of fentanyl (μg) required during surgery, equivalent morphine dose in the recovery unit (PACU) and first morphine dose were recorded. The quality of analgesia is assessed by Visual Analogue Scale for 24 h at rest and movement.ResultsThe mean opioid consumptions in PACU showed significant difference between the three groups, P = 0.02. The mean 24 h morphine consumption showed statistically significant difference between groups (P value < 0.001). Significant differences were found between both OSTAP and Local groups with control group (P < 0.001) and also between OSTAP and Local groups (P = 0.02). Pain score of OSTAP group was significantly lower than local infiltration group at 6 and 4 h at rest and movement respectively. OSTAP group had faster extubation time than other groups. Postoperative nausea and vomiting were not significant between groups. No signs or symptoms of local anesthetic systemic toxicity or complications were detected.ConclusionOblique subcostal TAP block is a good alternative for providing analgesia during the postoperative period. The block is easily performed using ultrasound guidance. It is safe, provides effective analgesia with significant morphine-sparing effect with reduced side-effects of opioids.     

Liver involvement in multiple myeloma

One hundred twenty-eight records of patients with multiple myeloma were reviewed to assess the incidence and manifestations of liver involvement. Histologic study of the liver was available in 21 patients. Diffuse infiltration of the liver by plasma cells was observed in 10 patients, myeloid metaplasia in four, amyloidosis in two, toxic hepatitis in two, and extrahepatic cholestasis secondary to infiltration of the peripancreatic tissue by plasma cells in one. The clinical signs of plasma cell infiltration of the liver consisted of hepatomegaly in seven patients, mild elevation of liver enzymes in five, and portal hypertension in two. Jaundice was only observed in patients with hepatitis or extrahepatic cholestasis. Liver infiltration by plasma cells did not appear to have a major prognostic significance.     

胃镜下无表现但伴肝脏炎性浸润的巨大胃间质瘤

病例报告患者，女，55岁，以“上腹部轻微不适8d”为主诉入院。8d前无原因出现上腹部轻微不适，偶有腹胀、恶心，无呕吐、发热，无周身乏力、体重减轻情况，于我院门诊行CT检查发现肝左叶外侧段外侧见团块样软组织密度影，内部密度不均，中心密度较低，CT值为30HU，病灶内可见半环形略高密度影，CT值为56HU。增强扫描病灶中心部位逐渐强化，病灶最大截面约4．6cm×5．8cm，     

The predictive role of infiltrative growth pattern in early pharyngeal cancers

Conclusion: The infiltrative growth pattern may predict tumor depth and lymph node metastasis. INF-a seems to fall into a low-risk category, and no additional treatment may be required immediately. Objectives: Tumor depth is a predictor of lymph node metastasis in early pharyngeal cancers. An infiltrative growth pattern is also a prognostic factor in other cancers. This study aimed to elucidate the predictive role of infiltrative growth pattern in early pharyngeal cancers. Methods: Thirty-eight lesions from 37 patients who had undergone trans-oral resection of pharyngeal cancers were included. According to the Japanese Classification of Esophageal Cancer, infiltrative growth pattern was classified into three groups; INF-a, INF-b, and INF-c. The correlation between infiltrative growth pattern and tumor depth, cervical lymph node metastasis was analyzed. Results: Of the 38 lesions, 25 were INF-a, nine were INF-b, and four were INF-c lesions. Lymph node metastasis was observed in three INF-b and one INF-c lesions. In contrast, no INF-a had lymph node metastasis. All INF-a lesions showed shallow invasion of the sub-epithelium; INF-b and INF-c lesions had significantly greater depth than INF-a.     

局部浸润麻醉在急腹症患者全麻手术苏醒期的疗效观察

目的研究局部浸润麻醉在急腹症患者全麻手术苏醒期的疗效。方法将我院80例急腹症患者随机分为观察组与对照组各40例。两组手术前均采取相同的气管内插管全麻。观察组手术结束前给予罗哌卡因手术切口皮下局部浸润麻醉,对照组不给予局麻。对比两组麻醉效果、苏醒期疼痛、烦燥情况。结果观察组苏醒时的VAS评分明显低于麻醉前(p<0.001),也显著低于同期对照组评分(p<0.001)。观察组麻醉优良率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(95.0%vs 75.00%,p<0.05)。观察组苏醒时疼痛、烦躁等不良反应发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。结论在急腹症患者全麻手术结束前追加局部浸润麻醉,麻醉效果更好,苏醒期更加平稳和安全。     

载脂蛋白C1在甲状腺乳头状癌中的临床表达及生物信息学分析

目的 研究载脂蛋白C1（APOC1）在甲状腺乳头状癌（PTC）和癌旁（PC）组织的表达水平及临床意义。方法 利用UALCAN数据库比较PTC及PC组织APOC1 mRNA的表达差异;Kaplan-Meier Plotter数据库预测APOC1对PTC的预后价值;HPA数据库预测APOC1在蛋白层面的表达情况;TIMER数据库研究APOC1与免疫细胞的相关性;Linked Omics数据库和GeneMANIA数据库研究与APOC1密切相关的基因;GSCALite数据库对PTC中前5关键基因的药物靶标和癌症相关通路进行分析;最后对APOC1基因进行单基因GSEA分析。结果 PTC组织中APOC1 mRNA表达水平显著高于PC组织;APOC1 mRNA表达水平在不同临床分期、年龄、性别、淋巴结转移的PTC中显著升高;APOC1 mRNA表达水平与预后和免疫浸润相关;APOC1与多条癌症通路相关,并可受到abiraterone、GSK-J4、SR8278抑制调节;GSEA单基因的功能富集分析显示,APOC1功能富集在丙酸代谢、缬氨酸和异亮氨酸、三羧酸循环、牛磺酸代谢、JAK-STAT信号通路、自身免疫性甲状腺病、凋亡、癌症信号通路、NOTCH信号通路、MAPK信号通路（P<0.05）。结论 APOC1基因在PTC中高表达,与预后、免疫浸润相关,可以作为PTC诊断、预后、药物治疗的潜在靶点。     

Myosteatosis and myofibrosis: Relationship with aging,inflammation and insulin resistance

The mechanisms impairing muscle quality and leading to myofibrosis (MF) and myosteatosis (MS) are incompletely known. In biopsies of paraspinous muscle (PM) of 16 elderly men undergoing elective vertebral surgery, we histologically determined the area of MF and MS expressed as muscle quality index (MQI), in order to investigate the relation between them, as well as the main predictors of muscle quality. Total PM area and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) were evaluated by MRI and body composition by DXA. Circulating fasting glucose, insulin, hs-CRP, leptin, adiponectin and IL-6 were measured and HOMA index calculated. Quantification of gene expression in PM and in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) overlying the muscle was performed by rt-PCR. The degree of MS and MF was significantly and positively related to each other and positively associated with BMI, waist, FM and FM% as well as with IMAT. The area of PM was negatively related with MF even after adjustment for weight. Leptin was positively associated with MF and MS, whereas hs-CRP to MF. In backward regression analyses, larger waist and smaller PM area explained 90% of MF variance, whereas leptin about 80% of MS variance. IL-6 expression in SAT was significantly higher in participants with higher MQI values. In PM biopsies we found significantly higher expression of SOCS-3 and a trend toward higher expression of myostatin with greater degrees of MQI. MS and MF are related phenomena that concur to alter muscle quality and both should be considered in further studies on the evolution of sarcopenia.     

Immune cell infiltration in malignant middle cerebral artery infarction: comparison with transient cerebral ischemia

We tested whether significant leukocyte infiltration occurs in a mouse model of permanent cerebral ischemia. C57BL6/J male mice underwent either permanent (3 or 24 hours) or transient (1 or 2 hours+22- to 23-hour reperfusion) middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Using flow cytometry, we observed ∼15,000 leukocytes (CD45^+high cells) in the ischemic hemisphere as early as 3 hours after permanent MCAO (pMCAO), comprising ∼40% lymphoid cells and ∼60% myeloid cells. Neutrophils were the predominant cell type entering the brain, and were increased to ∼5,000 as early as 3 hours after pMCAO. Several cell types (monocytes, macrophages, B lymphocytes, CD8⁺ T lymphocytes, and natural killer cells) were also increased at 3 hours to levels sustained for 24 hours, whereas others (CD4⁺ T cells, natural killer T cells, and dendritic cells) were unchanged at 3 hours, but were increased by 24 hours after pMCAO. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that leukocytes typically had entered and widely dispersed throughout the parenchyma of the infarct within 3 hours. Moreover, compared with pMCAO, there were ∼50% fewer infiltrating leukocytes at 24 hours after transient MCAO (tMCAO), independent of infarct size. Microglial cell numbers were bilaterally increased in both models. These findings indicate that a profound infiltration of inflammatory cells occurs in the brain early after focal ischemia, especially without reperfusion.