小儿非手术所致肠梗阻的病因学分析及诊断

目的 探讨小儿非手术所致肠梗阻的病因及诊断。方法 回顾性分析2001年8月～2004年12月收治的非手术所致肠梗阻患儿25例，所有病例均摄腹部立位正位片，行腹部超声检查，6例行上消化道造影，7例钡灌肠造影，均接受手术治疗。结果 23例获得治愈，1例死亡，1例放弃治疗。11例新生儿病例经手术证实4例为小肠闭锁，3例肠旋转不良，3例十二指肠膜状狭窄，1例胎粪性腹膜炎。8月-14岁的患儿经手术证实4例为肠重复畸形，5例美克尔憩室，2例美克尔憩室合并肠套叠，1例原发性肠套叠，2例腹茧症。结论新生儿期非手术所致肠梗阻以十二指肠隔膜狭窄或闭锁、肠闭锁或狭窄、肠旋转不良多见。婴幼儿和儿童非手术所致肠梗阻主要为美克尔憩室和肠重复畸形，原发性肠套叠早期得不到诊治也可引起肠梗阻。X线检查是诊断肠梗阻的主要手段，超声检查也具有一定的价值。     

生长抑素对急性肠梗阻病人内环境的影响

目的　研究生长抑素对肠梗阻病人内环境的影响。方法　对 2 2 6例肠梗阻病人随机分成A、B组 ,A组常规治疗 ,B组加用生长抑素治疗。对病人进行临床指标、实验室指标及免疫指标进行检测。结果　临床指标B组好于A组 (t≥ 2 68,P <0 0 5 ) ,实验室指标B组亦好于A组 (t≥ 2 62 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,免疫指标B组明显优于A组 (t≥ 2 88,P <0 0 1)均有显著差异。结论　生长抑素治疗急性肠梗阻 ,能加快症状缓解 ,保护肠粘膜 ,稳定机体内环境 ,提高机体免疫力。     

结石梗阻并发急性肾功能衰竭的急诊处理

目的总结由结石引起的急性梗阻性肾功能衰竭处理的经验。方法对76例由结石引起的急性梗阻性肾功能衰竭患者处理方法进行分析，其中急诊开放手术11例，输尿管内引流9例，输尿管镜处理36例，单纯肾或输尿管造瘘5例，输尿管镜 开放手术结合处理lO例，5例全身情况差者先进行血液透析1～2次再手术治疗．结果全部患者尿毒症症状减轻或消失，术后1-2周肾功能恢复正常56例，15例术后3个月仍有不同程度的氮质血症。结论对此类病人应及时解除梗阻，特别注意出血倾向对外科手术的严重影响．推荐输尿管镜处理作为结石梗阻性急性肾功能衰竭的急诊处理的首选方法。     

气管切开后的护理

目的研究气管切开术后的专科护理.方法抓住各个环节进行术后护理措施,注意病室环境控制,注意清除呼吸道分泌物以保持呼吸道通畅、加强饮食护理;注意呼吸道梗阻、术后出血、肺部感染等并发症的预防.结果治愈21例、死亡6例.27例均未出现呼吸道感染、呼吸道梗阻等并发症.结论只有围绕各个环节作好护理措施,才能避免出现相关并发症,有利于病人的恢复.     

26岁视网膜中央动脉阻塞1例

视网膜是完成视功能的重要组织，其血液供应来自视网膜中央动脉。视网膜中央动脉被阻塞可造成网膜营养中断、血流淤滞，迅速引起缺氧，导致网膜功能障碍。因此，视网膜中央动脉阻塞是一种严重影响视功能的眼病，发病急，愈后差。我科收治1例视网膜中央动脉阻塞患者，经积极治疗20d后，视力恢复到4．5，现报道如下。     

鼻阻力测压与鼻声反射测量的相关性研究

目的探讨主动后鼻阻力测压仪的参数——鼻阻力(nasal resistance,NR)与鼻声反射测量仪的参数——鼻腔容积(nasal cavity volume,NV)、鼻腔最小横截面积(minimal cross sectional area,MCSA)间是否具有相关性。方法应用主动后鼻阻力测压法和鼻声反射测量法对316例有鼻阻塞的患者进行前瞻性研究。根据减充血前双侧鼻阻力(bilateral NR,BNR)将患者分为2组,组1:BNR减充血前≤0.25 Pa/cm~3·s,组2:BNR减充血前>0.25 Pa/cm~3·s。Spearman等级相关分析研究上述两种客观测量法的参数在全体研究对象及各组中的相关性。结果在使用减充血剂前、后,316例患者单侧鼻阻力(unilateral NR,UNR)与单侧鼻腔容积(unilateral NV,UNV)、单侧鼻腔最小横截面积(unilateral MCSA,UMCSA)间均存在显著性负相关(P值均=0.000);组1(104例)和组2(212例)在减充血前、后的UNR与UNV、UMCSA间均存在显著性负相关(P值均=0.000)。鼻阻力与鼻腔最小横截面积的相关系数均大于鼻阻力与鼻气道容积的相关系数。结论在有鼻阻塞的患者中,NR、NV及MCSA存在负相关,MCSA是影响NR的主要因素。     

Laparoscopic management of Tenchkoff catheters in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

We describe a one-port laparoscopic technique for assisting in Tenchkoff catheter placement and salvaging obstructed ones in patients requiring continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). This unique technique enables diagnostic laparoscopy, adhesiolysis, repositioning of catheters, and omentectomy to be performed without laparotomy. Six patients were treated. Only one 10-mm port was required, using an operating laparoscope and an instrument introduced through the working channel of the laparoscope. Adhesiolysis was performed under laparoscopic vision; omentectomy and flushing of blocked catheters were carried out extracorporeally. The catheters were then repositioned to the pelvic cavity under laparoscopic vision. All patients were followed up for 6–10 months. No mechanical problem was noticed. Our one-port laparoscopic technique is a simple and effective method for treating patients who have mechanical problems with their peritoneal dialysis catheters. Received: 14 January 1997/Accepted: 14 April 1997     

Presentation, treatment, and multivariate analysis of risk factors for obstructive and perforative colorectal carcinoma

BACKGROUND: It is known that emergency surgery for colorectal cancer is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the presentation, treatment, and outcome of patients with complicated colorectal cancer. Risk factors for morbidity and mortality were also evaluated. METHODS: From 1991 to 2002, the medical records of 107 consecutive patients undergoing emergency surgery for obstructing or perforating colorectal carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed. Information regarding patient and tumor characteristics, treatment, and outcome was recorded. Risk factors were assessed by multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Eighty-three patients (78%) had complete obstruction and 24 (22%) had perforation. Overall and major complications occurred in 70% and 34%, respectively. The mortality rate was 15%. Independent risk factors for major morbidity were perioperative blood transfusion and high American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class, whereas those for mortality were older age and high Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score. CONCLUSIONS: Emergency surgery for complicated colorectal carcinoma carries high rates of morbidity and mortality. To achieve improvements in outcome, intensive treatment after surgery in patients with risk factors is recommended.     

Retroperitoneal fibrosis

The rare occurrence of retroperitoneal fibrosis contrasts with the multitude of publications. Its clinical expression also contrasts with the severity of its repercussion on renal function. Now, diagnostic and therapeutic are more standardized to improve chances of preserving renal function. However, no surgical or medical therapy has been tested in a randomized, controlled trial. This article proposes an update of knowledge on this subject.     

Obstructive symptoms associated with the Lap-Band in the first 24 hours

Background: The Lap-Band is a gastric restrictive procedure for the treatment of morbid obesity. We review the etiology of obstructive complications that present in the first postoperative 24 h. Methods: Fifty-six Lap-Band procedures were performed by one surgeon between January and September 2002. Results: Six patients presented with obstruction within 24 h of surgery: gastric slippage in three patients, gastric edema in one patient, and esophageal hypomotility in two patients. Conclusions: Placing the band in an esophagogastric position as per Belachew and Weiner reduced our incidence of gastric slippage to none. Endoscopy with placement of a nasogastric feeding tube can relieve obstruction caused by esophageal hypomotility. Gastric edema with no clinical signs of obstruction will resolve with time. Clinicians must be aware of the unique complications that come with the advent of this new procedure.