颈椎前路椎体间微创融合器的生物力学实验研究

目的评价植入镍钛记忆合金微创融合器(NiTi-TFC/C)的颈椎节段的稳定性及压缩力学性能。方法采集24只羊颈椎标本随机分为4组,每组6份,四组处理分别为:单取髓核组、自体髂骨植骨组、微创融合器组和钛制融合器组(InterFix)。所有标本进行前路减压,并对后3组进行椎间融合术。分别对各组标本进行生物力学测试并进行比较。结果微创融合器组与钛制融合器组在强度、刚度及扭转力学等方面无显著性差异(P>0.05)。而微创融合器组与自体髂骨植骨组具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。最大承载力为12050N。结论该微创融合器强度大、刚度高、抗扭转能力强,具有良好的抗压能力,为颈椎融合提供新型的融合装置。     

取腱器配合腓肠肌筋膜瓣翻转术治疗跟腱断裂疗效观察

目的介绍利用取腱器切取腓肠肌筋膜瓣,翻转缝合断裂跟腱的临床效果。方法选取2008年1月~2012年12月我院跟腱断裂病人21例,男15例,女6例,平均年龄33.5岁,为剧烈运动后跟腱撕裂伤,均采用手术治疗。俯卧位,跟腱断裂部位纵行手术切口,马尾状撕裂部位梳理整齐后编织缝合,根据需要腱膜的长度于切口近端相应部位作纵行小切口,用取腱器取筋膜条,自皮下隧道牵出远端切口,翻转,光滑面朝后加固缝合断裂跟腱。术后长腿石膏固定4周,短腿石膏固定2周。结果 21例患者均获得术后随访,平均随访时间2.3年(1~5年)。根据Arner Lindholm评分标准,优16例,良4例,差1例,优良率95.2%。结论取腱器微创小切口下取腓肠肌腱膜方法具有小切口,创伤小,美观等优点,术后正规康复功能锻炼后临床效果良好。     

Ultrastructure of the neuroglial fatty metamorphosis (virchow) in the perinatal period

Summary The ultrastructure of neuroglial fatty metamorphosis (GFM) has been investigated in the telencephalic white matter of 12 premature and mature infants (gestational age 22–40 weeks; survival 0–96 days). GFM was found in all cases apart from a 22-week-old fetus, and involves predominantly astrocytic cells (68.8%), then glioblasts (43.5%), but only 7.4% of oligodendrocytes. GFM, therefore, seems to be independent of the myelination process and indicates the vulnerability of the immature neuroglial population in the metabolic and circulatory disorders of the perinatal period. Since GFM is found in almost all children dying within the early postnatal period, this subtle alteration reflects a special form of minimal brain damage. The relationship between GFM, astrocytic hypertrophy and periventricular leucomalacia and their role in the telencephalic leucoencephalopathy are discussed.

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Zusammenfassung Die Gliazellverfettung im unreifen Großhirn-Marklager wurde bei 12 Kindern ultrastrukturell untersucht (Gestationsalter 22–40 Wochen; Überlebenszeit 0–96 Tage). Die fettige Metamorphose der Neuroglia (Virchow) fand sich in allen Fällen, ausgenommen den 22 Wochen alten Feten, und betrifft vorwiegend junge Astrozyten (68,8%), ferner zu 43,5% unreife Vorstufen, jedoch nur zu 7.4% die (z.Z. der Geburt erst in Erscheinung tretende) Oligodendroglia. Die Fett-Metamorphose der unreifen Glia stellt einen sensiblen Indikator für metabolisch-zirkulatorische Störungen der Perinatalperiode dar und erfolgt unabhängig von dem Prozeß der Markscheidenbildung. Zusammen mit einer oft auffälligen Astroglia-Proliferation ist die intracytoplasmatische Akkumulation nicht membrangebundener Lipide Ausdruck einer temporären Differenzierungsstörung der unreifen Neuroglia. Die resultierende Reifungsdissoziation mit Unterdrückung der oligodendrozytären Zellinie führt zur retardierten Markscheidenbildung und dem Bild der telencephalen Leucoencephalopathie.

     

A method for the collection of individual mouse urine

Behavioral research often requires urine collection. An apparatus has been developed for the collection of urine from individual or small groups of mice and is recommended for general use where urine from unstressed mice is required.     

CD2-mediated signaling in T cells lacking the ζ-chain-specific immune receptor tyrosine-based activation (ITAM) motif

T lymphocytes can be activated via the T cell receptor (TCR) or by triggering through a number of other surface structures, including the CD2 co-receptor molecule. Signaling through the CD2 molecule was shown previously to be dependent on the TCR-associated ζ-chain. Here, we show that CD2-induced activation also functions in T cells which express ζ-chains lacking a functional immune-receptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM). TCR-positive T cells that express only the transmembrane part of the ζ-chain protein and thus lack a functional ζ-derived ITAM readily produce interleukin (IL)-2 when cross-linked with CD2-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb). TCR-negative T cell hybridomas expressing minimal receptors consisting of an extracellular CD25 and an intracellular ζ-chain-derived segment were effectively stimulated via CD2-specific mAb. For CD2-mediated co-stimulation of TCR-negative cells, two ζ-chain-derived ITAM were sufficient to induce IL-2 when the CD2 molecules were co-cross-linked with the chimeric CD25-ζ molecules. Taken together, our results show that CD2-induced signaling does not necessarily employ the ζ-chain in TCR-positive cells and that CD2-dependent co-stimulation in TCR-negative cells can be mediated via two functional ζ-chain-derived ITAM.     

PCR-based assays for the detection of monoclonality in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: application to formalin-fixed,paraffin-embedded tissue and decalcified bone marrow samples

In crucial cases the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) still represents a challenge to the pathologist since morphological criteria do not always help to distinguish between reactive and malignant lymphoproliferations. Clonality assays are a useful supplement since monoclonal cell proliferation is strong evidence for malignancy. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be utilized to establish the clonal origin of B-or T-cell lymphocyte populations by amplification of rearranged immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor (TCR) genes. In the present study DNA was isolated from a variety of neoplastic and nonneoplastic formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lymph nodes (n=62), cutaneous tissue (n=9), samples of miscellaneous origin (n=11), and, reported here for the first time, decalcified bone marrow samples (n=35). These samples were submitted to PCR-based assays directed against the immunoglobulin heavy-chain (IgH), immunoglobulin light-chain (IgL), and TCR chain genes. The impact of various decalcifying agents on the ability to amplify DNA was investigated by PCR-based amplification of a single copy gene. Buffered and nonbuffered EDTA was found not to impede amplification of DNA fragments up to 300 bp in length. In lymph node and cutaneous specimens monoclonality was detected in 83% of B-NHL cases using a seminested PCR approach for the amplification of IgH, whereas the same approach gave rise to monoclonal bands in 80% of bone marrow samples. The subsequent amplification of IgL helped to raise the sensitivity of detection to 94%. Monoclonality was detected in seven of nine T-cell NHLs by amplification of TCR. Most of the false-negative results were related to DNA extracted from centroblastic-centrocytic lymphoma and lymphoplasmocytic immunocytoma (37% negative each). PCR-based rearrangement analysis of immunoglobulin and TCR chain genes should be used in diagnostic pathology for cases which are histopathologically and immunohistochemically questionable. The application of clonality assays to bone marrow samples previously decalcified with EDTA provides a new tool for the detection of minimal residual disease.Abbreviations BALT bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue - dNTP deoxynucleoside triphosphate - Ig immunoglobulin - IgH immunoglobulin heavy chain - IgL immunoglobulin light chain - MALT mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue - NHL non-Hodgkin's lymphoma - PCR polymerase chain reaction - TCR T-cell receptor     

A method for the accurate determination of anti-hapten cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors: correction for apparent 'anti-self' reactivity

A method is described for accurately determining the frequency of precursors of hapten specific cytotoxic T cells. The method is based on a standard Poisson analysis of limit dilution cultures, but makes a correction of 'anti-self' reacting clones and for spontaneously arising clones that recognise modified self. These corrections are shown to be especially important when low hapten densities are used, where there may be more than a 10-fold difference between the corrected and uncorrected frequency estimates. Determined levels of antigen specificity and of H-2 restriction are significantly enhanced by application of this method.     

An “all-season” mammoplasty

A reduction mammoplasty must produce a reduction in volume, a natural lasting shape, and minimal residual scarring. Many attempts to achieve this goal have been developed in recent years. The author described, in 1970, a vertical technique achieving an important reduction and a good shape but with the appearance of the end of the vertical scar below the brassiere line. In 1977, the author [3] modified the technique by the adjunction of a small horizontal scar to eliminate the inconvenience of the visible part of the vertical scar. In this article the author describes his technique which appears to be suitable for most types of breast deformities.     

急性后颅窝血肿的微创穿刺术治疗

目的：探讨应用IL－2型特种针进行微创穿刺术治疗后颅窝血肿的可行性及临床应用。材料及方法：回顾性分析我们自1995年9月至1999年9月对28例后颅窝高血压性或外伤性脑内血肿及硬膜外血肿进行微创穿刺引流治疗的病例。结果：28例病例中除1例于穿刺成功后死于脑干功能衰竭外,其余病例均获成功,病人无后遗症,痊愈出院,其中1例伴发再出血,经血肿腔内止血药冲洗引流治疗再出血停止,结论：此穿刺针特点为针钻一体,解决了针在颅骨上固定问题,也解决了立体定向不能留置针管问题,微创穿刺方法治疗后颅窝血肿可避免传统后颅窝开颅手术,安全性高,疗效良好,操做简便,费用较低,易于在各级医院普遍开展,具有较大推广使用价值。     

微创截骨手法整复术治疗拇外翻

目的： 探讨微创截骨手法整复术治疗拇外翻的临床疗效。方法： 自2018年1月至2019年5月采用微创截骨手法整复术治疗拇外翻患者31例（42足）,其中男3例,女28例;年龄18~76（50.1±4.9）岁。观察并比较手术前后拇外翻角（hallux valgus angle,HVA）,第1,2跖骨间角（inter metatarsal angle,IMA）,第1,2跖骨长度差变化,术后采用美国矫形骨科学会足踝外科学组（American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS）拇趾-跖趾-趾间关节评分系统进行功能评价。结果： 31例（42足）患者获得随访,时间14~18（15.1±1.2）个月。HVA、IM分别由术前的（38.5±5.4）°、（13.0±1.1）°矫正到术后的（14.3±4.7）°、（9.1±1.5）°（P<0.05）。术前1、2跖骨长度差为2~-4（-0.59±1.80） mm,术后为0~-6（-3.53±1.60） mm,平均第1跖骨短缩2.94 mm,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。AOFAS评分由术前的（57.8±9.7）分提高到术后的（92.1±9.3）分,手术前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;其中优23足,良16足,可3足。结论： 微创截骨手法整复术手术时间短、切口小、能够有效纠正拇外翻畸形、改善前足功能,获得良好疗效。