术中超声在脊髓髓内室管膜瘤和星形细胞瘤外科治疗中的应用

目的探讨术中超声在脊髓髓内室管膜瘤和星形细胞瘤显微外科手术中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2018年5月华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院神经外科收治的78例脊髓髓内室管膜瘤和34例脊髓髓内星形细胞瘤患者的临床资料。根据术中是否使用超声辅助,分别将室管膜瘤和星形细胞瘤患者分为超声组(前者44例,后者18例)和对照组(前者34例,后者16例)。对所有患者行门诊或电话随访,通过影像学复查和改良McCormick量表(MMS)分级评估肿瘤复发和脊髓功能恢复情况。分别比较室管膜瘤和星形细胞瘤两组患者的疗效,并评价术中超声对肿瘤完全切除率的评估准确率。结果两组室管膜瘤和星形细胞瘤患者的性别、年龄、首诊症状、MMS分级及肿瘤累及脊髓节段的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),基线资料均基本一致。室管膜瘤的超声组和对照组患者肿瘤完全切除率[分别为97.7%(43/44)、91.2%(31/34)]、术后并发症发生率[分别为8.8%(3/44)、11.8%(4/34)]及术后3个月脊髓功能恢复良好率[分别为36.4%(16/44)、32.4%(11/34)]的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。超声组和对照组的星形细胞瘤患者术后并发症发生比例(分别为:0/18、2/16)和术后3个月脊髓功能恢复良好比例(分别为:3/18、2/16)的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);但与对照组比较,超声组的肿瘤完全切除比例高[分别为16/18、9/16,P<0.05]、无进展生存期(PFS)长[中位PFS分别为84.0(67.5~100.5)个月、75.0(52.0~98.0)个月,P<0.05]。以增强MRI为标准,术中超声判断室管膜瘤和星形细胞瘤全切除的准确比率分别为97.7%(42/43)、14/16。结论术中超声有助于实时、准确地判断脊髓髓内室管膜瘤和星形细胞瘤的肿瘤切除程度,且对星形细胞瘤的应用价值较大。     

A unique case of pure lateral spinal cord herniation

BackgroundSpinal cord herniation (SCH) remains a challenging diagnosis for neuroradiologists and may require treatment challenging for neurosurgeons. Most cord herniations are usually found at anterior thoracic levels.Clinical presentationA 28-year-old woman presented at our department with a 7-year history of progressive myelopathy. MR analysis showed a displacement of the spinal cord in a lateral thoracic dural defect. The herniated cord was released using a microscope and the patient significantly recovered 6 months after surgery.ConclusionWe present a unique case of pure lateral SCH. In the light of reviewed literature and operative findings, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are discussed.     

颅内破裂动脉瘤夹闭术和栓塞术后分流依赖性脑积水的系统评价

目的系统评价颅内破裂动脉瘤夹闭术和栓塞术后分流依赖性脑积水发生率。方法以脑积水、夹闭、介入、栓塞、颅内动脉瘤、脑动脉瘤、蛛网膜下腔出血/蛛网膜下隙出血,以及hydrocephalus、shunt、clipping、coiling、surgical、endovascular、embolization、treatment、intracranial aneurysm、cerebral aneurysm、subarachnoid hemorrhage等中英文词组,计算机检索1990年1月-2015年9月美国国立医学图书馆生物医学信息检索系统、荷兰医学文摘、Cochrane临床对照试验中心注册库、中国知网中国知识基础设施工程、万方数据库,辅助手工检索《中华神经外科杂志》、《中国现代神经疾病杂志》和《中国脑血管病杂志》等相关杂志,查阅关于颅内破裂动脉瘤夹闭术和栓塞术后分流依赖性脑积水发生率的临床研究。采用Jadad量表和Newcastle-Ottawa量表评价文献质量,Rev Man 5.3和Stata 13.1统计软件进行Meta分析。结果共获得731篇文献,经剔除重复和不符合纳入标准者,最终纳入18项临床试验共计15 920例颅内破裂动脉瘤患者,行夹闭术者10 038例、行栓塞术5882例。Meta分析显示:两种治疗方式术后分流依赖性脑积水发生率差异无统计学意义(OR=0.860,95%CI:0.720~1.030;P=0.110);分析结果的稳定性较差,但不存在发表偏倚(Egger法:P=0.795)。结论颅内破裂动脉瘤夹闭术和栓塞术后分流依赖性脑积水发生率无显著差异,但尚待进一步的高质量临床研究加以证实。     

自发性硬脊膜外血肿15例诊治分析

目的 探讨自发性硬脊膜外血肿（SSEH）的临床特点、治疗方法及效果。方法 回顾性分析2015年3月至2019年11月收治的15例SSEH的临床资料，保守治疗1例，手术治疗14例:椎板减压血肿清除10例，其中行脊柱固定融合7例，血肿清除后椎板还纳1例，半椎板入路血肿清除3例。结果 首次发病9例，两次以上6例。1例保守治疗ASIA分级由入院时C级恢复至出院时E级，后来失访。手术治疗的14例术后随访3个月~4年:4例术前ASIA分级A级中，1例术后随访3个月时仍为A级，随后失访；1例术后2年恢复至D级，2例术后3个月均恢复至E级；术前ASIA分级B~D级的10例术后3个月全部恢复至E级。13例3个月以后随访没有再发病，MRI复查未见复发；X线检查未见脊柱畸形和内固定松动。结论 部分SSEH有反复发病的特点，尽早手术可改善病人预后，不同的病例应该个体化选择手术方式     

État des lieux de l’enseignement des techniques microchirurgicales en France et à l’étranger

The objective of this work was to determine the state of current training programs for microsurgery in France and abroad. Our survey of microsurgery training programs determined the registration volume, program contents, and number of students in France, and looked at registration volume and teaching time for programs abroad. Data were obtained from the Internet, university administration, those responsible for university diploma programs, and students. There were 18 university diploma programs in microsurgery in France. The average list price was €1,129 for an average of 19 hours of theoretical training and 100 hours of practice. Evaluation methods varied, but all required at least vascular anastomosis in rats. In 2011–2012, 148 students were enrolled and 126 graduated (85% passing rate). Abroad, 16 basic courses were listed in the USA, Europe and Asia. Nine advanced courses were offered. The average price was $1,346 for 36 hours of practice in the basic courses and $1,955 for over 50 hours of training in advanced courses. None of these courses gave out a diploma. Our results show that in France, university diploma programs in microsurgery are heterogeneous and the French College should consider updating them. Globally, a study is underway by the International Microsurgical Simulation Society.     

Oral antithrombotic treatment and postoperative thrombotic complications after head and neck reconstruction using free flaps

Abstract

Recently, oral antithrombotic treatment has been used to treat cerebral infarction, myocardial infarction, and vascular diseases, and these patients may have vascular damage. However, we know of no reports about the development of postoperative complications in patients who have free tissue transfers with preoperative antithrombotic prophylaxis. We retrospectively reviewed 150 patients who had had immediate reconstruction with free tissue transfer after excision of cancers in the head and neck between April 2001 and March 2006. We found nine patients who had been given preoperative antithrombotic prophylaxis: four of the nine had thrombotic complications (myocardial infarction (n = 1), cerebral infarction (n = 1), and necrosis of the flap caused by thrombus at an anastomotic site (n = 2)), whereas 4 of the remaining 141 patients had thrombotic complications, all of which were flap necrosis from thrombotic occlusion of an anastomotic site. Patients given antithrombotic prophylaxis may easily develop a thrombus, and our findings suggest that management of the coagulation system is necessary.     

破裂大脑中动脉动脉瘤的显微手术治疗

目的探讨破裂大脑中动脉动脉瘤的诊断、显微手术治疗及其疗效。方法回顾性分析显微手术治疗的70例破裂大脑中动脉动脉瘤患者的临床资料。64例患者术前进行了头颅3D-CTA或/和DSA检查,6例仅行头颅CT检查。结果 70例患者中,67例行动脉瘤夹闭术,3例行动脉瘤包裹术。术后随访3月～2年,按GOS评分,5分57例,4分5例,3分5例,2分1例,1分2例;60例患者行3D-CTA或/和DSA复查,未见动脉瘤复发,其中1例行包裹术的患者动脉瘤无明显增大。结论破裂大脑中动脉动脉瘤应尽早采取显微手术治疗,以有效改善预后;术中多普勒超声的使用能为手术提供帮助。