Does calcium balanced heparin affect blood gas and electrolyte analysis?

The effect of calcium-balanced heparin (471896, CIBA CORNING) on blood gas and electrolyte analysis was evaluated, by comparing with that of sodium heparin (Na heparin). One ml of whole blood was collected into a syringe, which contained calcium-balance heparin (Ca balanced heparin) or Na heparin. 122 pairs of blood samples obtained from 15 patients were analyzed for Na, K, ionized calcium (Ca(++)), total hemoglobin, pH, P(CO)(2), and P(O)(2) by an automatic blood gas and electrolyte analyzer, CIBA CORNING model 288. There was a significant difference ( P < 0.05) in pH, P(CO)(2), Na, and Ca(++) between the two different groups. Ca(++) concentration was significantly less in Na heparin group than in Ca balanced heparin group, probably due to more chelation of Ca(++) by Na heparin than Ca balanced heparin. The present study suggests that the Ca balanced heparin has minimal effect on the blood gas and electrolyte analysis, and is a suitable anticoagulant for the Ca(++) measurement.     

透析前注射单剂量低分子量肝素对透析器复用效率的评价

目的 评价血透前注射单剂量低分子量肝素（LMWH）与持续输注普通肝素（SH）对复用透析器效率的影响。方法 对30例慢性透析患者进行随机交叉对照研究,观察第1、4次透析的透析器纤维包裹容量（FBV）、透析前血球压积（HCT）及透析2h尿素氮、肌酐清除率;另外,利用生色底物法测定透析0h,2h,4h血浆肝素抗－Fxa水平。结果 同SH组比,LMWH组透析器复用次数增加（P＜0．05）,第4次复用透析器FBV及透析2h尿素氮、肌酐清除率无下降（P＞0．05）,SH组则下降（P＜0．05）,透析2h两组血浆肝素活性－Fxa水平差异无显著性（P＞0．05）,透析4hLWMH组高于SH组（P＜0．05）。结论 透析前单剂量注射LMWH能有效地保护复用透析器清除率,值得临床上进一步推广。     

低分子肝素治疗急性脑梗死的临床观察

目的 观察低分子肝素治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效及对出凝血时间、凝血酶原时间、血小板的影响。方法 ６０例急性脑梗死患者,分为治疗组、对照组各３０例。治疗组采用低分子肝素静滴,对照组用低分子右旋糖酐治疗。结果 治疗组总有效率９３．３％,显效率６３．３％,明显优于对照组（７３．３％,４６．６％）。有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）;对出凝血时间、凝血酶原时间、血小板无显著性差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）,无１例继发出血。结论 低分子肝素治疗急性脑梗死是安全有效的。     

Prospective randomized clinical study in general surgery comparing a new low molecular weight heparin with unfractionated heparin in the prevention of thrombosis

A prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial was performed comparing the antithrombotic efficacy of the low molecular weight heparin LMWH 21–23, (Braun) with an unfractionated heparin in elective general surgical patients over an observation period of 7 postoperative days. A total of 230 patients were admitted: 103 (group I) received low molecular weight heparin and 100 (group II) low-dose unfractionated heparin treatment given subcutaneously. In group I 41 patients (46%) were operated on for malignant disease and in group II 54 patients (54%). Due to the large amount of great abdominal procedures the intra- and perioperative application of hydroxyethyl starch was allowed for volume substitution. None of the patients died due to fatal pulmonary embolism. In group I four patients revealed positive ¹²⁵I-labeled fibrinogen uptake (3.9%); two patients belonged to the hydroxyethyl starch subgroup. In group II five patients displayed a positive fibrinogen uptake (5%); two belonged to the hydroxyethyl starch subgroup. The results of the hemostaseological investigations (e.g., prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin clotting time, fibrinogen, antithrombin III, protein C, plasminogen, ₂-antiplasmin , tissue-type plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor) revealed no statistically significant differences between groups I and II or their subgroups, although a tendency to prolonged clotting times was observed. The antifactor Xa activity values, however, displayed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The antifactor Xa activity measured up to 0.16 U/ml for the low molecular weight heparin (group I) and 0.05 U/ml for the unfractionated heparin (group II) in the postoperative period. Major bleeding complications were not encountered in this study. Fundamental for the low incidence of thrombosis, the additive administration of hydroxyethyl starch appeared in almost one-third of the patients in both study groups.Abbreviations APTT activated partial thromboplastin time - aXa anti-factor Xa - DVT deep venous thrombosis - FUT ¹²⁵I-labeled fibrinogen uptake test - HES hydroxyethyl starch - LMWH low molecular weight heparin - PE pulmonary embolism - UFH unfractioned heparin     

Optimizing the treatment of unstable angina

Unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction (MI) are at the center of the spectrum of myocardial ischemia, which ranges from stable angina to acute Q-wave MI. In addition to clinical evaluation, cardiac specific markers such as troponin T or I can assist in early diagnosis, triage, and risk stratification. Antithrombotic therapy with aspirin and heparin have been shown to improve the outcome of patients with acute ischemic syndromes. Thrombolytic therapy does not appear to be beneficial in these syndromes. Antiischemic therapy remains an important component of the overall therapy. A strategy of early coronary angiography and revascularization leads to a similar long-term outcome as compared with a more conservative strategy of revascularization for recurrent ischemia, but the early invasive strategy is more expeditious as a large number of conservatively treated patients have recurrent ischemia. At present, many new antithrombotic agents are under active investigation, with the hope that they will lead to further improvement in the clinical outcome of patients with acute ischemic syndromes.     

透析前注射单剂量低分子量肝素对透析器复用效率的评价

目的：评价血液透 析前注射单剂量低 分子量肝素（ Ｌ Ｍ Ｗ Ｈ）与持续 输注普通肝素（ Ｓ Ｈ）对复用透析器 效率的影响。方法：对 ３０ 例慢性透 析患者进行随机交叉对照研究,观察第一、四次透析的透析器纤维包裹容量 （ Ｆ Ｂ Ｖ）、透析前血球压积 （ Ｈ Ｃ Ｔ）及透析 ２ ｈ 尿素氮、肌酐 清除率,另外,利用生色底物法测定透析 ０ ｈ、２ ｈ、４ｈ 血浆肝素抗 Ｆｘａ 水平。结果：同 Ｓ Ｈ 组比, Ｌ Ｍ Ｗ Ｈ 组透析器复用次数明显增加（ Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,第四次复用透析器 Ｆ Ｂ Ｖ 及透析 ２ ｈ 尿素氮、肌酐清除 率无明显 下降（ Ｐ＜ ０．０５）, Ｓ Ｈ 组则明显 下降（ Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,透析 ２ ｈ 两组血浆肝素活性抗 Ｆｘａ 水平无明显差异（ Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,透析 ４ ｈ Ｌ Ｍ Ｗ Ｈ 组明显高于 Ｓ Ｈ 组（ Ｐ＜ ０．０５）。结论：透析前 单剂量注射 Ｌ Ｍ Ｗ Ｈ 能保护复用透析器清 除率,值得临床上进一步推广。     

Further studies of the turnover of dog antithrombin III. Study of 131I-labelled antithrombin protease complexes

Fresh plasma containing 131I-antithrombin III (*I-AT) was coagulated and incubated at 37 degrees C for 2 hr. A "complex peak," separated on heparin-agarose contained AT and *I-AT antigen but no heparin cofactor activity. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis showed only AT complexes. SDS PAGE showed 80% of the *I-AT in a major band (approximately 80,000 daltons), 15% in a minor band (approximately 100,000 daltons) and the rest in trace bands (approximately 60,000 and/or 115,000 daltons). Ammonia treatment of the complex peak released alpha-thrombin. After i.v. injection 80% of the complexed *I-AT, chiefly as the major band, left the plasma with t 1/2 approximately 15 min and was almost immediately catabolized to low molecular weight breakdown products. A major catabolic site was the liver. A simple kinetic model describes the findings approximately.     

降纤酶低分子肝素治疗短暂性脑缺血发作的研究

目的 观察降纤酶与低分子肝素治疗短暂性脑缺血发作的效果及副作用。方法 选择本院神经内科住院患者36例应用降纤酶10U加入加入250ml生理盐水中静脉滴注，隔日1次，共3次；低分子肝素0．5ml脐旁皮下注射，12h 1次，连用7—10d,同时常规给予复方丹参滴注，口服尼莫地平，维生素E，维生素C，停用低分了肝素后给予肠溶阿斯匹林75mg，每日1次口服。结果 治疗开始后TLA发作相继减少，停止发作时间分别为1d内9例，3d内15例，5d内12例。随访6个月—1年，1例2个月后复发，重新应用上药治愈。结论 降纤酶与低分子肝素治疗TLA安全有效、无明显副作用、不易复发。     

尿激酶肝素治疗急性脑梗死临床研究

目的研究小剂量尿激酶与肝素治疗急性脑梗死的疗效及安全性.方法将100例急性脑梗死患者随机分为治疗组和对照组(各50例),治疗组给以小剂量尿激酶10万U加生理盐水50ml颈动脉注射,另 给以肝素50～100mg加生理盐水250ml静脉滴注,每日一次,共七天.对照组给以复方丹参20ml加生理盐水250ml,静脉滴注,每日一次,连用15d,两组均合并用甘露醇、阿斯匹林等.结果治疗后一周及治疗后一个月进行神经功能缺损状态评分,治疗组分别为8.2±2.9,9.6±4.6,对照组分别为4.4±2.3,7.3±2.4,两组对比有显著差异(P＜0.05),无出血并发症.结论小剂量尿激酶与肝素治疗急性脑梗死疗效肯定,安全性较好.     

低分子肝素治疗糖尿病肾病的疗效观察

目的　观察低分子肝素治疗糖尿病肾病的临床疗效和安全性。 方法　 将 30例临床期糖尿病肾病患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各 15例 ,所有病人均给予积极降糖降压治疗 ,治疗组加用低分子肝素 5 0 0 0U ,1次 /d治疗 ,疗程 8周。观察血脂、血小板、纤维蛋白原、肝肾功能、内生肌酐清除率、2 4h尿蛋白定量变化及副作用。 结果　治疗组治疗 8周后血脂、纤维蛋白原、2 4h尿蛋白定量下降 ,血尿素氮、肌酐降低 ,内生肌酐清除率升高 ,和治疗前及对照组治疗后比较均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5 )。 结论　低分子肝素可安全有效的用于糖尿病肾病的临床治疗