Attenuation of estrous cycle-dependent marble burying in female rats by acute treatment with progesterone and antidepressants

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is characterized by the recurrence of a cluster of physical and negative mood symptoms, especially irritability, appearing when estrogen and progesterone levels decrease during the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The aim of the present study was to explore a new potential model of premenstrual irritability. It has been suggested that burying of harmless objects by rodents may reflect a form of impulsive or anxiety-like behavior. This study demonstrates changes in burying behavior during various phases of the estrous cycle in some but not all female rats. Burying behavior was found to be enhanced at metestrus and decreased at proestrus, characterized by low and high ovarian hormone levels, respectively. No habituation of the cycle-dependent burying was observed. Enhanced burying was not observed in reproductive senescent and ovariectomized females characterized by stable, low levels of ovarian hormones. Increased marble burying at metestrus was reversed by acute treatment with antidepressants fluoxetine, desipramine, nomifensine, the benzodiazepine agonist diazepam, and progesterone, while the neuroleptic chlorpromazine was without effect. Reversal of cycle-dependent burying was unrelated to the drugs' effects on locomotor activity. These results indicate that estrous cycle-dependent marble-burying behavior displayed by a subgroup of female rats might be a manifestation of ovarian hormone-dependent irritability. This manifestation may be used to elucidate the neuroendocrine mechanisms triggering premenstrual irritability, and the detailed mode of action of antidepressants when used for PMDD.     

Minimal Clinically Important Difference for the Rasch Neuropsychiatric Inventory Irritability and Aggression Scale for Traumatic Brain Injury

Objective

To determine the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for a Rasch measure derived from the Irritability/Lability and Agitation/Aggression subscales of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI)—the Rasch NPI Irritability and Aggression Scale for Traumatic Brain Injury (NPI-TBI-IA).

IDA量表在乳腺癌术后不同阶段患者心理状况调查中的应用研究

目的 了解乳腺癌术后不同阶段患者的激惹、抑郁、焦虑状况,为临床实施心理护理提供指导。 方法 采用激惹、抑郁和焦虑量表(irritability, depression and anxiety scale, IDA),以便利抽样法选取176例处于乳腺癌术后不同阶段的患者进行问卷调查。 结果 乳腺癌术后患者的抑郁得分(5.41±1.08)分,其中临界值71例(40.3%),重度抑郁56例(31.8%);焦虑得分(6.05±1.82)分,其中临界值69例(39.2%),重度焦虑32例(18.2%);内向性激惹得分(2.83±0.76)分,其中临界值54例(30.7%),重度内向性激惹17例(9.7%);外向性激惹得分(3.47±1.04)分,其中临界值58例(33.0%),重度外向性激惹2例(1.1%)。术后2个月到5个月,患者焦虑、抑郁、内向性激惹、外向性激惹都处于较高水平。 结论 应加强对乳腺癌术后,特别是术后2个月至5个月间患者心理状况的关注,对各阶段较为显著的心理问题给予针对性的护理措施,以利于乳腺癌术后患者心理状况有良好的适应过程。     

卵巢过度刺激综合征患者的心理状况调查及心理护理

目的探讨激惹、抑郁和焦虑量表（IDA）用于卵巢过度刺激综合征（OHSS）患者心理调查的可行性,并考察有效的心理护理对OHSS患者激惹、焦虑及抑郁水平的影响。方法OHSS患者42例（OHSS组）和接受不孕症治疗无该并发症的患者42例（不孕组）,根据患者存在的心理问题,对OHSS组实施针对性的心理护理1～2周。对两组患者心理干预前后的IDA量表评分进行比较分析。结果心理干预前OHSS组各项IDA（抑郁、焦虑、内向性激惹、外向性激惹）评分均高于不孕组[（5．9±2．2）、（6．4±2．1）、（3．9±1．8）、（4．4±2．1）分比（3．7±1．9）、（4．5±2．0）、（1．9±1．2）、（2．2±1．8）分],差异均有统计学意义。OHSS组患者经心理治疗后,与干预前相比IDA量表评分明显降低[（3．2±1．3）、（4．7±2．3）、（1．54-1．1）、（2．1±1．7）分比（5．9±2．2）、（6．4±2．1）、（3．9±1．8）、（4．4±2．1）分],与不孕组IDA评分结果比较差异无统计学意义。结论IDA量表可应用于OHSS患者的心理调查,有效的心理护理有助于降低OHSS患者的激惹、焦虑及抑郁水平。     

人文关怀联合分阶段早期心理干预对急诊眼外伤患者视功能及心理弹性的影响

目的探讨人文关怀联合分阶段早期心理干预对急诊眼外伤患者视功能及心理弹性的影响。方法选取2018年6月—2019年6月医院112例急诊眼外伤患者为研究对象,按照组间性别、年龄、眼外伤类型、病情状况、文化程度匹配的原则分为对照组和观察组,每组56例。对照组实施常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上采用人文关怀联合分阶段早期心理干预,观察并比较两组患者治疗依从性、心理弹性及生存质量的变化。结果干预后,观察组患者治疗依从性高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者心理弹性优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者生活质量评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论对急诊眼外伤患者采用人文关怀联合分阶段早期心理干预,可有效改善其焦虑、烦躁等不良情绪,提高心理弹性及治疗依从性,进而提高生活质量。     

Head titubation and irritability as early symptoms of Joubert syndrome with a homozygous NPHP1 variant

BackgroundJoubert syndrome is an autosomal recessive or X-linked genetic disease with a cerebellar vermis defect or hypoplasia, hypotonia, ocular dyskinesia, and mental retardation. In neonates, respiratory problems such as apnea and tachypnea are notable.Case reportWe report a patient Joubert syndrome with a homozygous NPHP1 variant, who had head titubation with irritability, including exaggerated jitteriness and a marked Morrow reflex appeared soon after birth without neonatal respiratory problems. These symptoms decreased gradually and disappeared until 1 year.ConclusionIrritability with head titubation may be an early clinical clue for the clinician to suspect Joubert syndrome.     

An Exploration of Maitland's Concept of Pain Irritability in Patients with Low Back Pain

Maitland''s construct of musculoskeletal pain irritability is widely used by physical therapists for making decisions about the vigor of examination and treatment, but this construct has not been defined to the extent that its measurement properties can be tested. The purposes of this study were to 1) determine if physical therapists utilize low back pain (LBP) irritability judgments to make treatment decisions, 2) identify LBP characteristics appropriate for an LBP irritability construct, and 3) develop a measurement construct of LBP irritability. Physical therapists evaluated and treated 183 subjects with LBP. The therapists judged the subjects'' LBP as irritable or non-irritable, and recorded treatments provided at the initial visit. A principal-components analysis (PCA) was performed on 14 patient-reported LBP characteristics to identify potential components of a measurement construct of LBP irritability. The therapists'' irritability judgments were found to be associated with the types of treatments prescribed. Five dimensions of LBP irritability were identified by the PCA from the 14 LBP characteristics considered. Four of these dimensions were associated with the therapists'' LBP irritability judgments. The Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, presence of distal symptoms, and forward bending tolerance were found to have a stronger association with the irritability judgments than the dimensions of irritability identified in this study. Validated measures of LBP characteristics in current clinical use may adequately capture Maitland''s concept of irritability.     

Structural Brain Connectivity in Childhood Disruptive Behavior Problems: A Multidimensional Approach

Background

Studies of white matter connectivity in children with disruptive behavior have yielded inconsistent results, possibly owing to the trait’s heterogeneity, which comprises diverse symptoms like physical aggression, irritability, and delinquency. This study examined associations of global and specific white matter connectivity with childhood disruptive behavior problems, while accounting for their complex multidimensionality.

Current irritability robustly related to current and prior anxiety in bipolar disorder

BackgroundAlthough current irritability and current/prior anxiety have been associated in unipolar depression, these relationships are less well understood in bipolar disorder (BD). We investigated relationships between current irritability and current/prior anxiety as well as other current emotions and BD illness characteristics.MethodsOutpatients referred to the Stanford Bipolar Disorders Clinic during 2000–2011 were assessed with the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for BD (STEP-BD) Affective Disorders Evaluation. Prevalence and clinical correlates of current irritability and current/prior anxiety and other illness characteristics were examined.ResultsAmong 497 BD outpatients (239 Type I, 258 Type II; 58.1% female; mean ± SD age 35.6 ± 13.1 years), 301 (60.6%) had baseline current irritability. Patients with versus without current irritability had significantly higher rates of current anxiety (77.1% versus 42.9%, p < 0.0001) and history of anxiety disorder (73.1% versus 52.6%, p < 0.0001). Current irritability was more robustly related to current anxiety than to current anhedonia, sadness, or euphoria (all p < 0.001), and current irritability-current anxiety associations persisted across current predominant mood states. Current irritability was more robustly related to past anxiety than to all other assessed illness characteristics, including 1° family history of mood disorder, history of alcohol/substance use disorder, bipolar subtype, and current syndromal/subsyndromal depression (all p < 0.05).LimitationsLimited generalizability beyond our predominately white, female, educated, insured American BD specialty clinic sample.ConclusionsIn BD, current irritability was robustly related to current/prior anxiety. Further studies are warranted to assess longitudinal clinical implications of relationships between irritability and anxiety in BD.