全文获取类型
收费全文 | 28607篇 |
免费 | 1889篇 |
国内免费 | 731篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 126篇 |
儿科学 | 457篇 |
妇产科学 | 373篇 |
基础医学 | 6770篇 |
口腔科学 | 557篇 |
临床医学 | 1683篇 |
内科学 | 3892篇 |
皮肤病学 | 703篇 |
神经病学 | 1392篇 |
特种医学 | 360篇 |
外国民族医学 | 4篇 |
外科学 | 2617篇 |
综合类 | 4149篇 |
现状与发展 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 1492篇 |
眼科学 | 257篇 |
药学 | 3206篇 |
8篇 | |
中国医学 | 1563篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1617篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 44篇 |
2023年 | 360篇 |
2022年 | 476篇 |
2021年 | 911篇 |
2020年 | 906篇 |
2019年 | 979篇 |
2018年 | 830篇 |
2017年 | 929篇 |
2016年 | 895篇 |
2015年 | 984篇 |
2014年 | 1713篇 |
2013年 | 2011篇 |
2012年 | 1619篇 |
2011年 | 2082篇 |
2010年 | 1646篇 |
2009年 | 1719篇 |
2008年 | 1488篇 |
2007年 | 1481篇 |
2006年 | 1409篇 |
2005年 | 1118篇 |
2004年 | 1045篇 |
2003年 | 891篇 |
2002年 | 669篇 |
2001年 | 490篇 |
2000年 | 506篇 |
1999年 | 412篇 |
1998年 | 398篇 |
1997年 | 304篇 |
1996年 | 337篇 |
1995年 | 306篇 |
1994年 | 281篇 |
1993年 | 202篇 |
1992年 | 164篇 |
1991年 | 121篇 |
1990年 | 74篇 |
1989年 | 52篇 |
1988年 | 35篇 |
1985年 | 156篇 |
1984年 | 189篇 |
1983年 | 135篇 |
1982年 | 170篇 |
1981年 | 136篇 |
1980年 | 105篇 |
1979年 | 115篇 |
1978年 | 70篇 |
1977年 | 53篇 |
1976年 | 45篇 |
1975年 | 53篇 |
1974年 | 29篇 |
1973年 | 35篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 500 毫秒
51.
Jack C. Kim 《Archives of pharmacal research》1994,17(3):204-206
A regioselective preparation of 10-methoxy-11-hydroxyaporphine (“Apocodeine,1b”) from (R,S)-10, 11-dihydroxyaporphine(apomorphine,1a) is described. The isopropylidene ketal ring of 10,11-(isopropylidenyldioxy) aporphine (2) obtained by the isopropylidenation of apomorphine, was regioselectively opened by the ten equivalent of trimethylaluminum
to give 10-hydroxy-11-t-butyloxyaporphine (3). The free 10-hydroxyl position of 3 was methylated with methyl p-toluenesulfonate/NaH, and afforded 10-methoxy-11-t-butyloxyaporphine
(4) in high yield. Selective debutylation gave the desired 10-methoxy-11-hydroxyaporphine (“apocodeine”,1b) in good yield. 相似文献
52.
高效液相色谱法测定辅酶Q_(10)含量的研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
应用色谱技术,建立了辅酶Q_10(CoQ_10)含量测定的高效液相色谱方法.并从多个影响保留时间的因素中选出三个水平、三个因子进行正交设计,从而确定了CoQ10。含量测定的最佳条件。本法选用碳十八硅烷为固定相,检测波长为275um,经过多批COQ10。测定,其回收率大于99.6%,RSD小于0.07%,方法简便快速、灵敏度高、特异性强,适用于该药品的含量分析检测。 相似文献
53.
J. B. Payne R. A. Reinhardt M. P. Masada L. M. DuBois A. C. Allison 《Journal of periodontal research》1993,28(6):451-453
Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) IL-8 and IL-1,1β levels were determined by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Associations between IL-8 and IL-1β GCF levels, and between these cytokines and patient estrogen status were evaluated. IL-8 and IL-1β were detected more frequently and in higher amounts/30 s GCF sample in estrogen-deficient patients than in estrogensufficient patients. IL-8 and IL-1β GCF levels were significantly correlated. These lindings suggest that GCF IL-8 levels are associated with patient estrogen status and local IL-1β concentrations. 相似文献
54.
目的研究IFN-γ,IL-4水平对血透患者外周血淋巴细胞(PBLC)凋亡调控蛋白Fas,Bcl-2表达的影响.方法采用流式细胞术的间接免疫荧光素标记法和双抗体夹心ELISA法,分别检测30例HD患者PBLC Fas,Bcl-2的表达水平和血清IFN-γ,IL-4水平.结果H-D患者血清IFN-γ水平明显低于健康对照组,IL-4浓度显著高于对照组(P均<0.01);其外周血PBLC的Fas表达水平明显高于健康对照组,而Bcl-2水平则明显低于健康对照组(P均<0.01).经相关分析发现:Fas表达水平与血清IFN-γ水平呈负相关,而与血清IL-4水平呈正相关(P均<0.01);Bcl-2表达水平与血清IFN-γ水平呈正相关,而与血清IL-4水平呈负相关(P均<0.01).结论HD患者PBLC存在异常凋亡现象;并与Th1型细胞因子分泌低下,以及TTh2型细胞因子分泌增加之间有一定的相关性,上述改变可能在HD患者的免疫功能紊乱中起着重要作用. 相似文献
55.
Effects of mycophenolic acid on IL-6 expression of human renal proximal and distal tubular cells in vitro. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
BACKGROUND: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine which regulates immune responses and host defence mechanisms. IL-6 has been found to be increased in certain inflammatory conditions of the kidney, in which tubular epithelial cells play a pivotal role. Human renal tubular cells express IL-6. Until now no data about the effect of the immunosuppressant drug mycophenolic acid (MPA) on IL-6 expression were available. METHODS: Proximal and distal tubular epithelial cells (PTC/DTC) have been isolated immunomagnetically. Confluent monolayers were stimulated with interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta; 25 U/ml), IL-1beta+ MPA (0.25-50 micro M) or MPA alone for 48 h. Release of IL-6 protein into the supernatant was evaluated with an enzyme immunoassay, IL-6 mRNA expression was evaluated using the Quantikine mRNA kit. RESULTS: After IL-1beta stimulation, a highly significant 2.6- (PTC) and 3.8-fold (DTC) upregulation of IL-6 expression was detectable. IL-6 mRNA was upregulated by IL-1beta [1.57- (PTC) and 2.03-fold (DTC)]. MPA inhibited this cytokine-induced IL-6 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Incubation with the lowest MPA concentration had no effect on the stimulated upregulation, whereas all higher doses significantly decreased IL-6 expression. Dexamethasone significantly inhibited the cytokine-induced IL-6 protein release in PTC, but not in DTC. CONCLUSIONS: In this study we demonstrated for the first time an inhibitory effect of MPA on the stimulated IL-6 expression of renal tubular epithelial cells. In contrast to older data, which showed a synergistic upregulation of the expression of a CC-chemokine by a combination of cytokines and MPA, in the present study we could demonstrate an immunosuppressive effect of MPA on the expression of an important cytokine. 相似文献
56.
人IL-10基因重组复制缺陷型腺病毒DNA的构建 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的 构建人IL-10基因的重组腺病毒并进行体外表达和检测。方法从质粒pcDNA3IL-10的CMV启动子下游完整切下IL-10 cDNA的片段,将其定向插入Gateway载体,在克隆酶的作用下将阳性克隆质粒转入目的腺病毒载体。PacI酶线性化IL-10腺病毒DNA后阳离子质脂体转染293A细胞,获得人IL-10的复制缺陷型重组腺病毒。体外感染人胰腺癌细胞株Bxpc-3和大鼠胰腺细胞株AR-42J;Western blot检测人IL-10的表达。结果 成功地构建人IL-10重组腺病毒,病毒滴度达2×109PFU/mL。体外感染的细胞株均检测到IL-10的表达。结论 构建复制缺陷型重组腺病毒能够介导IL-10的基因表达,为细胞因子的抗炎冶疗奠定实验基础。 相似文献
57.
黄芪、小柴胡冲剂联合辅酶Q10治疗病毒性心肌炎 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的观察黄芪、小柴胡冲剂联合辅酶Q10治疗病毒性心肌炎(VMC)的临床疗效.方法治疗组(30例)应用黄芪注射液、小柴胡冲剂和辅酶Q10;对照组(30例)用GIK极化液、辅酶Q10和维生素C,两组患者无禁忌证者均给予β-受体阻滞剂,钙拮抗剂和对症治疗.两组疗程均为3个月.结果治疗组临床症状和心律失常总有效率分别为73.3%和86.6%,高于对照组的43.3%和63.3%(p<0.05).结论黄芪、小柴胡冲剂联合辅酶Q10对VMC有较好疗效,且无明显不良反应. 相似文献
58.
Summary In a patient with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes [MELAS] who had normal mitochondrial enzyme activity, high doses of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) were administered. Clinical improvement with decreased serum lactate and pyruvate levels was observed. Though the mechanism of action of CoQ is not known, a trial is worthwhile in patients with MELAS. 相似文献
59.
目的应用抗核抗体独特型多肽免疫治疗狼疮肾炎小鼠,观察其对狼疮肾炎模型小鼠肾脏的保护作用。方法将35只雌性GVHD狼疮样肾炎小鼠(C57BL/10×DBA/2)F1分为3组,肾炎模型对照组(10只),口服多肽实验组(10只),皮下注射多肽实验组(15只)。3组小鼠均于24周龄处死,观察3组小鼠体质量、尿蛋白、肾脏组织学及血清IL-6水平的变化。结果在给予多肽12周时,皮下注射组和口服多肽组小鼠肾脏损害较对照组明显减轻;血清IL-6水平也较对照组明显降低。在给予多肽10周时,皮下注射组小鼠体质量明显高于对照组小鼠,12周时口服组体质量也明显高于对照组。给予多肽4周时,皮下注射组小鼠尿蛋白明显少于对照组,8周时口服组尿蛋白也明显少于对照组。结论口服独特型多肽对GVHD狼疮样肾炎小鼠肾脏同样有保护作用。 相似文献
60.
Early multiple organ dysfunction syndrome appears to be facilitated with bacterial translocation in severely burn injury, yet the mechanisms of bacterial translocation remains in dispute. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of intestinal bifidobacteria in the pathogenesis of gut-derived bacteria/endotoxin translocation following burns and the effects of bifidobacterial supplement on gut barrier. Methods: Wistar rats were randomly divided into burn group (Burn, n=60),sham burn group (SB, n=10) in experiment Ⅰ , and burn + saline group (BS, n=30), burn + bifidobacteria group (BB, n=30), and sham-burn + saline group (SS, n= 10) in experiment Ⅱ. Animals in BB group were fed bifidobacterial preparation (5 × 109 CFU/ml) after burns, 1.5ml,twice daily. Animals in BS and SS were fed saline. Samples were taken on days 1, 3, and 5 in burn groups, and on day 3 in sham-burn groups. The incidence of bacteria/endotoxin translocation and counts of Bifidobacterium, Fungi and Escherichia coli in gut mucosa were determined with standard methods. The levels of sIgA in mucus of small intestine were measured by RIA. The positive sIgA expression in lamina propria and ileum mucosal injury was evaluated light microscopically by blinded examiners. Results: Our results showed that the incidence of bacterial translocation was increased after burns, which was accompanied by significant decrease in number of bifidobacteria but significant increase in E. coli and fungi in gut mucosa, and elevation of levels of plasma endotoxin and IL-6 (P<0. 001).The incidence of bacterial translocation was markedly reduced after 3- and 5-day supplementation of bifidobacteria compared with control group (P<0.05). The counts of mucosal bifidobacteria were increased by 4- to 40-fold,while E. coli and fungi were decreased by 2- to 30-fold and 10- to 150-fold, respectively, after bifidobacterial supplementation in contrast to control group. The damage of mucosa tended to be less pronounced after 3-day bifidobacteria-supplemented formula compared with control group [grade 2(0-6) vs. grade 4(3-6), P<0.05]. Moreover, the expression and release of sIgA was markedly augmented after 3-day bifidobacteria-supplementation formula and it returned to normal range on day 5. Conclusion: The decrease in counts and proportion of bifidobacteria in mucous membrane flora may play an important role in the development of bacteria/endotoxin translocation following thermal injury. The supplement of exogenous bifidobacteria could per se improve gut barriers, and attenuate bacteria/endotoxin translocation secondary to major burns. 相似文献