Age related and hypothyroidism related changes on the stoichiometry of neurofilament subunits in the developing rat brain

Hypothyroidism in the developing brain results in progressive intraneuronal accumulation of neurofilament (NF) proteins in the proximal hillock regions of axons, analogous to the pathological intraneuronal accumulation of NF in common neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A preferential decline in the expression of the light chain of NF occurs in all the three diseases leading to an absolute change in stoichiometry of the NF subunits. Using the developing hypothyroid rat cerebra as a model, we have tried to elucidate if age or hypothyroidism causes a change in the stoichiometry or molar ratio of the NF subunits which could be responsible for their aberrant intraneuronal accumulation.     

甲状腺机能减退80例心电图分析

目的提高对甲状腺机能减退(甲减)患者的心电图认识和诊治水平。方法对80例甲状腺机能减退患者采用甲状腺素片替代治疗，并对治疗前后的心电图改变进行分析。结果甲减患者多伴有心脏机能方面改变。80例患者经治疗后68例心电图恢复正常，占85％；12例仍有ST—T改变及传导阻滞。占15％。结论采用甲状腺素片替代治疗甲减，随着基础代谢的改善，甲减症状的减轻，心脏损害得到改善，心电图也随之恢复。     

碘缺乏和甲状腺功能减退对大鼠仔鼠小脑cAMP反应元件结合蛋白表达的影响

目的 研究碘缺乏和甲状腺功能减退对大鼠仔鼠小脑cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(CREB)表达的影响.方法 分别选用低碘饲料及丙基硫尿啼啶(propylthiouracil,PTU)饮水诱导建立低碘及甲状腺功能减退Wistar大鼠动物模型,按体重随机分成对照组、甲状腺功能减退组(5 mg/L PTU组、15 mg/L PTU组)和碘缺乏组,出生后第14天(PN14)、PN21、PN28、PN42时,测定仔鼠小脑重量,PN7、PN14、PN21、PN28、PN42时取小脑组织进行免疫组织化学链霉菌抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶(SP)染色,用图像分析方法分析大鼠仔鼠小脑皮质CREB表达情况.结果 PN14、PN21、PN28、PN42时,碘缺乏组小脑重量显著低于对照组和甲状腺功能减退组(P＜0.05).PN7时,各组之间小脑组织CREB平均积分光密度值差别不明显,而PN14,PN21,PN28和PN42时,5、15 mg/L PTU组和碘缺乏组平均积分光密度值均低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 碘缺乏和甲状腺功能减退可降低大鼠仔鼠小脑组织CREB表达,影响神经系统的发育.

Abstract：

Objective To study the effects of iodine deftcieney and hypothyrosis on protein expression of CREB in the cerebellum of rats.Methods Iodine deficient rats were administered with iodine-deficient diet and hypothyroid rats were administered with PTU in drinking water.Female Wistar pregnant rats (n=28)were randomly divided into four groups:control group,iodine deficient group,5 mg/L PTU group and 15 mg/L PTU group.On PN14,PN21,PN28,pups cerebellum in each group were weighed.On PN7.PN14,PN21,PN28,cerebellum tissue were determined for CREB protein detection by immunohistochemistry.Results Cerebellum weights of pup from iodine-deftcient were significantly lighter than control,5 mg/L and 15 mg/L groups on PN14,PN21,PN28 and PN42.In the result of immunohistochemistry:on PN7,there was no significant difference in all the groups.On PN14,PN21,PN28 and PN42,CREB expression in 5,15 mg/L and iodine-deficient groups was significantly lower than that of the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Iodine deficiency and hypothyrosis during critical periods brain development may down regulate the protein expression of CREB,which may result in damage of serebellum development.     

Alterations in hair shaft morphology in the cretin rat

Summary Hair samples were obtained from rats rendered hypothyroidin utero, when these animals reached 35 days of post-gestational age. The hairs were examined by scanning electron microscopy at a point on the shaft 340 μ from the bulb. All hairs, in the anagen phase, when compared, indicated that cretin rats had thinner hair shafts, more closely spaced cuticle, cells, and more cuticle cells per unit of hair shaft. The surfaces of hairs from cretin rats were cornal, acuminated, and had dentate margins. It is therefore apparent that congenital hypothyroidism in rats affects the density, thickness, and surface characteristics of the hair.     

心血管病并甲状腺机能减退为主要症状临床研究

目的探讨以心血管病并发症为主要表现的甲状腺机能减退症(简称甲减)的临床特点及甲状腺替代治疗对各种心血管症状的疗效.方法观察50例心血管科住院的甲减患者的心血管表现特点,左旋甲状腺素替代治疗对心血管各种症状的疗效和有效剂量.结果主要的心血管并发症是:舒张压增高为主的高血压,高脂血症,心包积液,心力衰竭,心律失常和心绞痛.左旋甲状腺素替代治疗的剂量平均在2μg/kg/d时,血清甲状腺素水平能逐渐正常,心血管症状能很快消失.结论常规检查甲状腺功能能尽早识别以心血管并发症为主要表现的甲状腺机能减退症,早期甲状腺素替代治疗能有效改善症状及预后.     

原发性甲状腺功能减退症继发垂体增生伴高泌乳素血症

目的报告1例原发性甲状腺功能减退症继发垂体增生伴高泌乳素血症患者,探讨其组织形态学、免疫组织化学表型、诊断与鉴别诊断、治疗及预后等临床病理学特点。方法与结果女性患者,29岁,临床表现为月经失调1年,溢乳3个月,头痛1周。MRI提示垂体瘤可能性大。遂行经鼻蝶鞍区占位性病变探查术。组织学形态观察,部分腺泡细胞明显增生,呈局灶性结节状。免疫组织化学染色,增生的腺泡细胞弥漫性表达突触素、促甲状腺激素,部分表达催乳素,不表达甲状腺转录因子-1,淋巴细胞散在表达白细胞共同抗原,Ki-67抗原标记指数约1%。病理诊断为垂体增生,最终临床诊断为甲状腺功能减退症。持续服用左甲状腺素钠(优甲乐)100μg/d,随访13个月,一般状况良好。结论垂体增生诊断困难,明确诊断须依靠临床病史、组织学形态特征和免疫组织化学表型,应注意与垂体腺瘤尤其是垂体微腺瘤相鉴别。     

阿仑膦酸钠对甲状腺功能减患者骨密度及骨生化、代谢影响的临床研究

目的观察阿仑膦酸钠对甲状腺功能减患者骨密度及骨生化、代谢影响的影响。方法初次诊断为未绝经的甲状腺功能减退女性患者64例,按随机数字表法将其分为治疗组32例,对照组32例。对照组给予左旋甲状腺素替代治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上给予阿仑膦酸钠70 mg/周,为期12个月。测定治疗不同时间段患者,腰椎1-4(L_(1-4))、左侧股骨颈BMD及血Ca~(2+)、血P~(3+)、1,25-(OH)_2D_3、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、血清Ⅰ型胶原羧基端吡啶并啉交联肽(ICTP)以及血清骨钙蛋白(bone gla-protein,BGP)水平的变化情况。结果治疗前两组患者的骨密度及骨生化、代谢指标比较不具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗12个月后,治疗组患者的腰椎1-4(L_(1-4))及股骨颈BMD均显著高于治疗前及同时期对照组(P0.05);治疗后12个月后,两组患者的血ALP、ICTP及BGP均有不同程度升高,治疗组的BGP升高程度明显大于对照组;而对照组的ALP及ICTP升高程度明显大于治疗组,比较有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前后两组患者血Ca~(2+)、血P~(3+)、1,25-(OH)_2D_3比较无明显差异(P0.05)。结论阿仑膦酸钠可以明显提升甲状腺功能减患者骨密度,改善骨生化和代谢状态。     

老年亚临床甲状腺功能减退症临床研究进展

亚临床甲状腺功能减退症为一种常见的甲状腺疾病,临床症状隐蔽而不典型,好发于老年女性。亚临床甲状腺功能减退症可引起血脂的改变、心功能不全、冠心病等动脉粥样硬化性疾病,可行左旋甲状腺激素替代治疗,治疗需权衡利弊,大多数研究建议促甲状腺素〉10mlU／L的亚临床甲状腺功能减退症患者进行左旋甲状腺激素替代治疗,老年亚临床甲状腺功能减退症患者治疗有其自身特点。     

成年期甲状腺功能减退症大鼠额叶突触结合蛋白I表达及T4替代治疗作用

目的 观察成年期甲状腺功能减退症(甲减)大鼠额叶突触结合蛋白I(synaptotagmin I,sytI)表达改变及不同剂量甲状腺素替代治疗的作用.方法 将44只大鼠按体质量随机分为甲减组、常规治疗组、大剂量治疗组、对照组,用丙基硫氧嘧啶(PTU)腹腔注射建立成年期大鼠甲减及治疗模型;放射免疫法测定4组大鼠血清甲状腺激素水平,免疫组织化学S-P法分析sytI蛋白在4组大鼠额叶分子层、外颗粒层、外锥体细胞层、内颗粒层、内锥体细胞层中的表达.结果 甲减组大鼠血清T3、T4[(0.34±0.04)、(43.01±2.95)nmol/L]显著低于对照组[(0.65±0.15)、(55.20±3.56)nmol/L,F值分别为6.026、4.503,P<0.05或<0.01],甲减组鼠syt I免疫反应产物在额叶分子层(0.018±0.010)、外颗粒层(0.020±0.007)、外锥体细胞层(0.013±0.008)、内颗粒层(0.011±0.005)、内锥体细胞层(0.024±0.013)均较对照组(0.028±0.010、0.031±0.010、0.028±0.010、0.022±0.008、0.038±0.013)明显减少(F值分别为5.697、8.965、14.668、13.597、6.807,P<0.05或<0.01).常规治疗组大鼠血清T3、T4[(0.63±0.05)、(55.04±3.77)nmoL/L]与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(F值分别为3.162、0.367,P均>0.05),额叶分子层、外颗粒层、外锥体细胞层、内颗粒层、内锥体细胞层syt I蛋白表达(0.027±0.013、0.025±0.009、0.022±0.008、0.020±0.010、0.033±0.010)与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(F值分别为0.094、2.208、2.467、0.350、0.693,P均>0.05);大剂量治疗组大鼠血清T3、T4[(1.11±0.10)、(96.68±6.42)nmol/L]显著高于对照组(F值分别为6.291、12.031,P均<0.01),额叶各层syt I蛋白表达(0.028±0.008、0.031±0.011、0.026±0.012、0.023±0.011、0.038±0.010)与对照组比较的差异均无统计学意义(F值分别为0.001、0.019、0.111、0.061、0.001,P均>0.05).结论 成年期甲减大鼠额叶内syt I蛋白表达减少,常规剂量甲状腺素替代治疗就能使其恢复至正常水平.