伦拿连灭菌剂在透析器复用中灭菌效果观察

目的观察伦拿连灭菌剂复用透析器的灭菌效果.方法使用0.5%过氧乙酸(A组)、2%甲醛(B组)和3.5%伦拿连(C组)复用透析器,观察3组热原反应和透析器破膜发生率.结果随机抽取3组血路管、透析器进行细菌学监测,无细菌生长;C组、B组和A组热原反应发生率分别为0.12%、2.54%和1.82%,提示3组间热原反应发生率差异有非常显著性(χ2=82.5,P<0.05);透析器破膜发生率分别为0.053%、0.46%和2.92%(χ2=107.1,P<0.05),提示3组间透析器破膜发生率差异有非常显著性.结论选用伦拿连灭菌剂对透析器进行复用灭菌,热原反应及透析器破膜发生率明显低于过氧乙酸和甲醛.     

血液透析对慢性肾功能衰竭患者血浆心钠素水平的影响

本文观察了15例慢性肾功能衰竭病人透析前后的血浆心钠素浓度改变.患者透析前血浆心钠素浓度较正常人明显增高(P相似文献   

大黄对实验性糖尿病大鼠肾脏肥大及高滤过作用的影响

肾脏肥大和高滤过是糖尿病肾病出现最早的病理生理特征。本研究利用中药大黄抑制糖尿病的肾脏肥大,试图达到控制其高滤过现象。实验结果表明,大黄能明显地抑制糖尿病肾脏肥大及其组织中蛋白质、DNA含量的增加;大黄治疗组的菊粉清除率明显低于非治疗组;此外,大黄还能使糖尿病血清甘油三酯、胆固醇水平降低。结论:大黄可以通过影响糖尿病肾病肾脏肥大,降低高滤过和纠正血脂代谢紊乱,治疗实验性糖尿病肾病动物模型。     

CROMAKALIM SUPPRESSES HYPERTONIC SALINE-INDUCED RENAL VASOCONSTRICTION IN ANAESTHETIZED DOGS

1. Intrarenal arterial infusion of hypertonic saline (HS) transiently increased and then gradually reduced renal blood flow (RBF) in anaesthetized dogs. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) but not filtration fraction decreased at the end of the infusion. 2. In the presence of a potassium channel opener cromakalim (0.3 μg/kg per min), HS infusion failed to reduce RBF; the initial increase in RBF was maintained throughout the infusion. Since cromakalim also prevented the decrease in GFR, HS infusion lowered filtration fraction. 3. The results suggest that cromakalim inhibits both pre-and postglomerular vasoconstriction induced by HS infusion.     

ACUTE EFFECT OF ETHANOL ON RENAL ELECTROLYTE TRANSPORT IN THE RAT

1. Despite human and animal studies, the direct effect of ethanol on renal water and electrolyte transport is poorly understood. The acute effect of increasing plasma concentrations of ethanol was evaluated in a water diuretic anaesthetized rat model which inhibits endogenous arginine vaso-pressin (AVP) release. 2. Ethanol at a plasma concentration of 1.69 ±0.28 mmol/L produced an immediate increase in urine flow (174 ± 11 μL/min pre-ethanol and 189 ± 13 and then 206 ± 12 μL/min during the ethanol infusion; P<0.001) as well as an increase in fractional sodium excretion (0.17 ± 0.04 to 0.28 ± 0.05 and 0.27 ± 0.05%; P<0.001). There was also a brief phosphaturia. These increases in electrolyte excretion had returned to control values by 20 min despite a further increase in the plasma ethanol concentration. 3. The urinary excretion of potassium, calcium and magnesium was not altered nor was glomerular filtration rate or renal plasma flow. 4. Ethanol at a mean concentration of 1.60 mmol/L did not alter the action of a maximal concentration of AVP (75 ng/kg) on water or electrolyte transport. However, the antidiuretic effect of a submaximal concentration of AVP (7.5 ng/kg) was augmented by ethanol at concentrations of 1.63 and 0.98 mmol/L. 5. These studies suggest that the ethanol induced diuresis commonly ascribed to inhibition of AVP secretion may also be due to other intrarenal effects of ethanol, possibly acting within the proximal tubule. These results also confirm recent in vitro findings that while ethanol does not inhibit the action of a maximal concentration of AVP, it does modulate the effects of lower AVP concentrations.     

兴趣区设置对Gates法测定肾小球滤过率的影响

目的:探讨肾脏及本底兴趣区ROI的勾画方式对Gates法测定肾小球滤过率(GFR)的影响.方法:对41例患者行肾动态显像,并按不同ROI勾画法计算GFR.改变本底ROI位置、大小、本底与肾脏ROI距离及肾脏ROI大小、局部偏离,观察GFR变化;将各GFR与标准Gates法GFR比较,观察结果偏离程度及导致结果偏离的因素.结果:①logistic多因素分析表明,本底ROI位置、大小、本底与肾脏ROI间距离以及"肾脏ROI大小、局部偏离"均是影响GFR的重要因素(χ2分别为250.9,73.9,53.5,215.8,P=0.000);②本底位于肾脏正下方较大范围内或肾脏ROI在外下方局部外偏时GFR与标准Gates法十分接近;本底ROI、肾脏ROI的其它各种改变均可对GFR产生较大程度的影响.结论:①Gates法GFR测定时,ROI勾画须注意多种影响因素的作用.②本底ROI设置于肾脏正下方(20～160)象素大小、(0～16)象素距离范围内可减少本底大小、距离对GFR影响.     

中空纤维超滤膜净化水质的效果评价

对中空纤维超滤膜净化水质效果的检测和评价结果显示，它能有效的滤除水中细菌，改善水质的感官性状，去除部分水中有机物，降低水中致突变活性物质的含量。提示它在预防水的生物性污染，改善水质感官性状及控制有机物污染等方面具有较高的使用价值。     

血液透析对红细胞还原型谷胱甘肽及红细胞变形性的影响

为了研究血液透析对红细胞还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)及红细胞变形性(RBC IF)的影响,我们对16名肾衰透析患者的上述指标进行了研究。血透患者的上述指标(GSH和IF)较正常对照组显著异常。铜仿膜透析器单次使用,在透析过程中,尤其是在前30分钟内,可对患者的GSH和IF产生极为不良的影响。当铜仿膜透析器复用后,则可改善上述指标。