维持性血透患者的心理状态研究

研究我国血透患者的心理状况并进行针对性的心理治疗。方法 采用症状自评量表(SCL90-R)、多维度健康状况心理控制源量表(MHLC)、艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)及终末期肾脏病(ESRD)患者专用的生活质量表对北京六个医院透析中心的92名维持性血透患者进行了心理状态的研究,并与美国及加拿大相同的研究进行了比较分析。结果 本组的血透存在着抑郁、焦虑、恐怖等心理障碍,出现心理障碍的比例显著高于美国同类患者(P<0.01),且焦虑的发生率高于美国同类患者(P<0.01)。这些障碍与MHLC中机遇项分(CED)显著相关(P<0.01)。EPQ中神经质项分高者倾向于发生抑郁、焦虑等心理障碍。本组的血透患者客观生活质量较加拿大同类患者低(P<0.01),但在总的生活满意度上没有显著性差异。生活质量与心理及躯体因素均呈显著相关,心理障碍与躯体症状也显著相关(P<0.01)。结论 本组的血透患者心理状态与美国加拿大同类患者相比既有相同之处,又有特殊之处。我们应该兼顾病人的躯体和精神两方面的健康,努力提高他们的生活质量。     

IFN-γ,IL-4水平对血透患者外周血PBLC Fas,Bcl-2表达的影响

目的研究IFN-γ,IL-4水平对血透患者外周血淋巴细胞(PBLC)凋亡调控蛋白Fas,Bcl-2表达的影响.方法采用流式细胞术的间接免疫荧光素标记法和双抗体夹心ELISA法,分别检测30例HD患者PBLC Fas,Bcl-2的表达水平和血清IFN-γ,IL-4水平.结果H-D患者血清IFN-γ水平明显低于健康对照组,IL-4浓度显著高于对照组(P均＜0.01);其外周血PBLC的Fas表达水平明显高于健康对照组,而Bcl-2水平则明显低于健康对照组(P均＜0.01).经相关分析发现:Fas表达水平与血清IFN-γ水平呈负相关,而与血清IL-4水平呈正相关(P均＜0.01);Bcl-2表达水平与血清IFN-γ水平呈正相关,而与血清IL-4水平呈负相关(P均＜0.01).结论HD患者PBLC存在异常凋亡现象;并与Th1型细胞因子分泌低下,以及TTh2型细胞因子分泌增加之间有一定的相关性,上述改变可能在HD患者的免疫功能紊乱中起着重要作用.     

慢性肾衰竭血液透析患者心理卫生状况调研

目的 :了解慢性肾衰竭血透患者的心理卫生状况。方法 :用SCL - 90量表对 6 5名慢性血透患者进行测量 ,测量结果与国内正常人群进行比较 ,并对该人群心理问题发生率作出估计。结果 :血透患者的SCL - 90总分(14 9.4 6± 5 0 .88)分 ,总均分 (1.6 6± 0 .5 7)分 ,阳性项目数 (34.0 3± 2 3.0 7)个 ,阳性均分 (2 .4 6± 0 .84 )分 ,在本组人群中心理障碍的检出率为 15 .38% ,男性与女性之间无差异 (χ2 =0 .0 0 4 ,P >0 .0 5 ) ,血透患者组的SCL - 90因子分中躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、精神病性、强迫、敌意和恐怖因子与国内正常人群有差异 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 0 1)。结论 :慢性肾衰竭血透患者的心理卫生状况明显低于国内正常人群 ,其中 15 .38%的患者存在心理障碍 ,主要以躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、精神病性为主 ,对躯体疾病的治疗中应兼顾心理问题的诊断与治疗     

A case of polycythemia vera complicated by chronic renal failure under hemodialysis requiring parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidisim

A case of polycythemia vera complicated by chronic renal failure under maintenance hemodialysis requiring parathyroidectory (PTH) for secondary hyperparathyroidism (2° HPT) is reported. A 62 year old female presented with 75000 white blood cells (WBC)/μl, 703×10⁴ red blood cells (RBC)/μl, 23×10⁴ platelets (PLT)/μl, hyperuricemia and hypertension in 1970 and the diagnosis of polycythemia vera was made. Hemodialysis was started in October 1974 for chronic renal failure. Blood cells in peripheral blood rapidly decreased in number after the beginning of dialysis, reaching the level of 10000∼20000 WBC/μl, and 150∼250×10⁴RBC/μl. In August 1988, marked bone resorption in X-ray picture and high serum alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone (PTH) noted along with 17400 WBC/μl, 370×10⁴RBC/μl and 35.9×10⁴PLT/μl. After subtotal PTX removing 3.21g parathyroid gland, serum PTH rapidly fell. At 3 months after PTX, WBC rose to 23600/μl, RBC 372×10⁴/μl and PLT 94.0×10⁴/μl. At 6 months, WBC was to 31000/μl, RBC 429×10⁴/μl and PLT 78.0×10⁴/μl, suggesting an inhibitory action of PTH on not only RBC, but also WBC and PLT.     

Impact of Ultrafiltration on Back-Diffusion in Hemodialyzer

Abstract: Ultrafiltration of water from blood to dialysate decreases the rate of back–diffusion of solutes from dialysate to blood. Therefore, back–clearance ( bK ) of hemodialyzers may be expressed as bK = bK _o – bTrQ _u, where bK _o is the diffusive back–clearance, bTr is the "back–"transmittance coefficient, and Qu is the net ultrafiltration rate. A formula for bK was derived from the one–dimensional theory of hemodialyzer, and bTr was described as a function of bK _o and the Staverman reflection coefficient. The transport parameters, bK _o and bTr , for creatinine and vitamin B₁₂ were measured in two types of hemodialyzers with negligible back–filtration, using water solutions, and compared with the transport parameters, K _o and Tr , for the case of both diffusion and ultrafiltration from blood to dialysate. bK _o was in general equal to K_o. bTr was not different from Tr for creatinine whereas bTr was lower than Tr for vitamin B₁₂. Experimental values of bTr for vitamin B₁₂ were in general agreement with theoretical predictions. However, experimental values of bTr for creatinine were lower than predicted values. We conclude that the impact of ultrafiltration on back–clearance for slowly diffusing solutes is weaker than on their clearance.     

The Decline in Serum Albumin after Conversion to High Flux, High Efficiency Dialysis

Abstract: Hypoalbuminemia among chronic hemodialysis patients is recognized as a poor prognostic sign. We observed that many of our chronic patients had a progressive decrease in their plasma albumin concentrations after they were converted to high flux, high efficiency dialysis from conventional dialysis mode. This change occurred in the absence of changes in the KTIV and protein catabolic rate (per) normalized to body mass. When nitrogen losses were measured, we found no difference in the dialysate concentrations of urea, alpha amino nitrogen, uric acid, or total nitrogen when high flux polysulfone was compared with high efficiency Cuprophan. While urea was the predominant nitrogen solute in all dialysate samples, there were some with a large gap between total and urea nitrogen. Alpha amino nitrogen losses, expressed as leucine equivalents, were substantial, ranging from 8. 4 to 9. 8 g/3. 5 h dialysis treatment. We believe that the increased losses of nitrogen experienced by patients after their conversion to a more efficient method of dialysis and not compensated for by a spontaneous increased intake of protein led to the observed fall in plasma albumin. Both urea and amino acid nitrogen losses need to be accounted for when achievement of higher KTIV dialysis is pursued.     

血液透析脑型失衡综合征发生机制的研究

目的 探讨血液透析脑型失衡综合征的发生机制。方法 采用急性肾功能衰竭的动物模型,观察血液透析后血浆渗透浓度迅速下降对脑水含量、颅内压、脑脊液生化和酸碱平衡的影响。结果 血液透析使血浆渗透浓度迅速下降,形成明显的脑/血渗透浓度梯度和尿素浓度梯度,使脑水含量明显增加,颅内压显著升高。透析后脑脊液pH下降、碳酸氢根(HCO_3~-)降低、Pco_2升高,与同期血浆相应值比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论 血液透析引起的血浆尿素氮快速下降可以导致脑水增加及颅压增高,其机制主要是由尿素的反向渗透效应引起。     

血液透析中尿毒素两室模型实验验证的研究

为了揭示血液透析过程中溶质在体液中的传递规律，我们制做了尿毒症实验动物犬模型进行血液透析实验，采用肌肉活体组织活检测定组织细胞内尿素氮（BUN）和肌酐（Cr）的浓度，同时取血样测定其血浆水平，发现组织细胞内BUN和Cr的浓度与其血浆浓度随时间变化具有明显的差异。因此，从实验上直接证实了人体体液两室模型理论的假设，提示人体细胞内代谢物质的传递与排他是不均一的，细胞内的物质进入血液需要克服一定的传质阻力。实验结果为合理地评价透析的充分性提供了理论根据。     

伦拿连灭菌剂在透析器复用中灭菌效果观察

目的观察伦拿连灭菌剂复用透析器的灭菌效果.方法使用0.5%过氧乙酸(A组)、2%甲醛(B组)和3.5%伦拿连(C组)复用透析器,观察3组热原反应和透析器破膜发生率.结果随机抽取3组血路管、透析器进行细菌学监测,无细菌生长;C组、B组和A组热原反应发生率分别为0.12%、2.54%和1.82%,提示3组间热原反应发生率差异有非常显著性(χ2=82.5,P<0.05);透析器破膜发生率分别为0.053%、0.46%和2.92%(χ2=107.1,P<0.05),提示3组间透析器破膜发生率差异有非常显著性.结论选用伦拿连灭菌剂对透析器进行复用灭菌,热原反应及透析器破膜发生率明显低于过氧乙酸和甲醛.     

血液透析对慢性肾功能衰竭患者血浆心钠素水平的影响

本文观察了15例慢性肾功能衰竭病人透析前后的血浆心钠素浓度改变.患者透析前血浆心钠素浓度较正常人明显增高(P相似文献