全血细胞分析仪操作台的研制

本文阐述了全血细胞分析仪操作台的研制过程。该操作台主要由主机置放台面、气源存放箱、溶血剂存放托盘、稀释液及废液存放滑车等部分构成。与普通操作台相比，该操作台具有美观整洁、降低噪音、方便省力、无污染等优点，符合三级医院实验室要求，适合与全血细胞分析仪配套使用。     

Critical flicker frequency test predicts overt hepatic encephalopathy and survival in patients with liver cirrhosis

BackgroundA critical flicker frequency (CFF) ≤39 Hz identifies cirrhotic patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (mHE) and predicts the risk of both overt hepatic encephalopathy (oHE) and mortality in patients with previous episodes of decompensation and/or oHE.AimsHerein, we evaluated the effectiveness of CFF in predicting the first episode of oHE and survival in cirrhotics who had never experienced an episode of oHE.MethodsOur cohort study of 134 patients and 150 healthy subjects were examined. A CFF > 39 Hz was considered normal and pathological when ≤39 Hz. The median follow up was 36 months.ResultsAt baseline, all controls had CFF > 39 Hz. Ninety-three patients had a CFF > 39 Hz and 41 had a CFF ≤ 39 Hz. The prevalence of CFF ≤ 39 Hz significantly increased with the progression of the Child–Pugh class (p = 0.003). Moreover, the risk of oHE was increased by CFF ≤ 39 (p < 0.001, by log-rank test) [HR = 7.57; CI(3.27–17.50); p < 0.0001, by Cox model] and ammonia [HR = 1.02 CI(1.01–1.03), p = 0.0009]. Both a CFF value ≤ 39 Hz and Child–Pugh class were independent predictors of mortality by Cox model [HR = 1.97; CI(1.01–3.95), p = 0.049; HR = 3.85 CI(1.68–8.83), p = 0.003].ConclusionsCFF predicts the first episode of oHE in cirrhotics that had never experienced oHE, and predicts mortality risk. These findings suggest that cirrhotic patients should be routinely screened by CFF.     

肉类样品中总汞的直接测定方法研究

目的探讨直接测定肉类样品中汞含量的方法。方法应用测汞仪建立汞标准应用液含量标准曲线,肉类样品经粉碎机捣碎后称取适量直接测定汞含量,并与原子荧光光谱法测定汞含量进行比较。结果试验筛选出肉类样品直接测定法最佳测定条件分别为干燥温度200℃,时间1 min;分解温度650℃,时间1.5 min。标准曲线相关系数≥0.999 8,加标回收实验汞回收率93%-98%,标准物质质控样品测定相对标准偏差4.79%-5.37%,与原子荧光光谱法测定汞含量差异无统计学意义（t=0.608,P〉0.05）。结论采用测汞仪直接测定样品中总汞含量,方法简便、快速、准确、重复性好、样品勿须前处理。     

两种方法检测尿沉渣中管型的临床分析

目的 分析比较使用尿沉渣分析仪及显微镜两种方法 检验尿液管型的差别。方法 选择2011年2月至2013年2月在该院进行治疗的238例患者，对其尿液标本进行研究，分别使用尿沉渣分析仪及显微镜检查仪对标本进行管型分析。结果 238例患者的尿液标本中尿沉渣分析仪管型阳性率为19．75％，显微镜检查的阳性率为4．20％，两者差异有统计学意义（χ^2＝21．55，P＜0．05）。其中尿沉渣分析仪结果 中的假阳性率为82．98％，假阴性率为0．84％。影响尿沉渣假阳性的最重要因素是黏液丝。结论 使用尿沉渣分析仪对尿液标本管型进行检测时，假阳性结果 较多，可再结合显微镜检查，以提高工作效率并保证检验的准确性。     

Peripherally inserted central catheter-related bloodstream infections in patients with hematological malignancies: A retrospective 7-years single-center study

ObjectivesWe sought to investigate the nature and incidence of bloodstream infection complications and to identify the risk factors of central catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI).MethodsDuring the study period, 291 consecutive patients with hematological malignancies who underwent PICC placement were retrospectively enrolled. We analyzed the covariates that were specified a priori for their association with CRBSI through multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models. The association between each predictor and the related outcome was expressed using hazard ratios (HRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsOf 391 peripherally inserted central catheter (PICCs) were inserted in 291 patients for a total of 63,714 catheter days during 7 years, with an infection rate of 0.71/1,000 catheter days. Among the patients with hematological malignancies, those with acute leukemia were prone to CRBSI. Having previous bloodstream infection (BSI) (HR 18.139; 95% CI, 8.19-40.174; P < .0001), the number of PICCs insertions (HR 4.695; 95% CI, 1.842-11.967; P = .001) (twice), (HR 6.794; 95% CI, 1.909-24.181; P = .003) (≥3 times) were significantly associated with CRBSI. Not accompanied by chronic comorbidities (HR 0.34; 95% CI, 0.131-0.887; P = .028) and longer duration of PICC use (days) (HR 0.997; 95% CI, 0.994-0.999; P = .008) might be protective factors preventing CRBSI.ConclusionsOur finding suggests that previous BSI and a higher number of PICC insertions are associated with an increased risk of CRBSI. A lack of chronic comorbidities may help prevent CRBSI.     

两种方法检测尿沉渣中管型结果对比分析

目的：比较UF-1000i尿沉渣分析仪与尿沉渣显微镜两种检查方法在尿液管型检测中的优缺点。方法收集600例患者的尿液标本,用UF-1000i尿沉渣分析仪与显微镜两种仪器检测尿沉渣中的管型,比较分析结果。结果 UF-1000i尿沉渣分析仪检测尿中管型的检出率为12.7%,特异度为94.9%,灵敏度为92.3%,假阴性率5.1%,假阳性率7.7%;尿沉渣显微镜检查尿中管型的阳性率为8.7%。结论 UF-1000i尿沉渣分析仪检测尿中管型时存在较多的假阳性和假阴性,如果将尿沉渣分析仪与显微镜检查联合应用,可以提高管型检测的准确率,为临床诊断提供可靠依据。