肾石通颗粒提取浓缩工艺和节能性研究

目的：研究肾石通颗粒的提取和浓缩工艺。方法：以丹酚酸B含量为指标,比较逆流提取与传统单罐提取的效果和经济指标;对反渗透膜浓缩与蒸发浓缩进行比较;采用正交设计,以丹酚酸B转移率为指标,考察料液浓度、温度、压力对反渗透浓缩的影响。结果：逆流提取比传统单罐提取工艺提取率高,并且节能、缩短生产周期。在压力1.5MPa、料液浓度10%、温度30℃时能取得较好浓缩效果,反渗透膜浓缩品质量好,其丹酚酸B的保留量是蒸发浓缩的1倍以上,比蒸发浓缩节省一半能耗并节省30%的时间。结论：逆流提取反渗透浓缩工艺是一种比较科学的中药提取方法,适合在工业化生产中应用,可节能、提高产品品质。     

Hospitalizations and Emergency Department Use in Mayo Clinic Biobank Participants Within the Employee and Community Health Medical Home

ObjectiveTo evaluate the participants in the Mayo Clinic Biobank for their representativeness to the entire Employee and Community Health program (ECH) primary care population with regard to hospital utilization.Patients and MethodsParticipants enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Biobank from April 1, 2009, to December 31, 2010, were linked to the ECH population. These individuals were categorized into risk tiers (0-4) on the basis of the number of health conditions present as of December 31, 2010. Outcomes were ascertained through December 31, 2011. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for risk of hospitalization, emergency department (ED) visits, and for risk of hospitalization and emergency department (ED) visits were estimated.ResultsThe 8927 Biobank participants were part of ECH (N=84,872). Compared with the entire ECH population, the Biobank-ECH participants were more likely to be female (64.3% vs 54.6%), older (median age, 58 years vs 47 years), and categorized to tier 0 (6.4% vs 24.0%). There were strong positive associations between tier (tier 4 vs combined tiers 0 and 1) and risk of hospitalization (HR, 5.8; 95% CI, 4.6-7.5) and ED visits (HR, 5.4; 95% CI, 4.2-6.8) among Biobank-ECH participants. Similar associations for risk of hospitalization (HR, 8.5; 95% CI, 7.8-9.3) and ED visits (HR, 6.9; 95% CI, 6.4-7.5) were observed for the entire ECH population.ConclusionAlthough the Biobank-ECH participants were older and had more chronic conditions compared with the overall ECH population, the associations of risk tier with utilization outcomes were similar, supporting the use of the Biobank participants to assess biomarkers for health care outcomes in the primary care setting.     

Nocturnal hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes with sleep apnoea syndrome

The prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) diagnosed by WHO criterion (2-hPG ≥ 7.8 mmol/L) was 13.4%. By International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria of FPG ≥ 5.1 mmol/L, prevalence of GDM was 3.2%. FPG may not be suitable for diagnosis of GDM in Asian Indians due to high insulin resistance in addition to pregnancy hormonal effect.     

集团化医院财务管理探讨

在新的医疗改革环境下,财务管理工作已经逐步渗透到医院的各个领域和医疗服务的各个环节之中,成为医院经济工作的核心。对集团化运作的医院,如何精细化地完成会计核算、如何在财务会计实践中加强管理会计职能,是一项永恒的课题。     

Cost-benefit analysis of a national influenza vaccination program in preventing hospitalisation costs in Australian adults aged 50–64 years old

IntroductionInfluenza causes a significant burden among Australian adults aged 50–64, however, vaccine coverage rates remain suboptimal. The National Immunisation Program (NIP) currently funds influenza vaccinations in this age group only for those at high risk of influenza complications.AimsThe main aim of this study was to determine whether a strategy of expanding the government-funded vaccination program to all adults 50–64 in preventing influenza-related hospitalisations will be cost beneficial to the government.MethodsA cost-benefit analysis from a governmental perspective was performed using parameters informed by publicly available databases and published literature. Costs included cost of vaccinations and general practitioner consultation while benefits included the savings from averted respiratory and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) hospitalisations.ResultsIn the base-case scenario, the proposed policy would prevent 314 influenza/pneumonia, 388 other respiratory and 1482 AMI hospitalisations in a year. The government would save $8.03 million with an incremental benefit-cost ratio of 1.40. Most savings were due to averted AMI hospitalisations. In alternative scenarios cost savings ranged from saving of $31.4 million to additional cost to the government of $15.4 million, with sensitive variation in vaccine administration practices (through general practitioner or pharmacists) and vaccine effectiveness estimates.DiscussionExtension of the NIP to include adults 50–64 years of age is likely to be cost beneficial to the government, although this finding is sensitive to vaccine administration cost, which varies if provided through general practitioners or pharmacists; and to variation in vaccine effectiveness. An increased role of pharmacists in immunisation programs would likely result in cost savings in an expanded adult immunisation program.     

Ethnoracial Disparity in Hospital Survival following Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation for Acute Variceal Bleeding in the United States

PurposeTo investigate the magnitude of racial/ethnic differences in hospital mortality after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creation for acute variceal bleeding and whether hospital care processes contribute to them.MethodsPatients aged ≥18 years undergoing TIPS creation for acute variceal bleeding in the United States (n = 10,331) were identified from 10 years (2007–2016) available in the National Inpatient Sample. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between patient race and inpatient mortality, controlling for disease severity, treatment utilization, and hospital characteristics.ResultsA total of 6,350 (62%) patients were White, 1,780 (17%) were Hispanic, and 482 (5%) were Black. A greater proportion of Black patients were admitted to urban teaching hospitals (Black, n = 409 (85%); Hispanic, n = 1,310 (74%); and White, n = 4,802 (76%); P < .001) and liver transplant centers (Black, n = 215 (45%); Hispanic, n = 401 (23%); and White, n = 2,267 (36%); P < .001). Being Black was strongly associated with mortality (Black, 32% vs non-Black, 15%; odds ratio, 3.0 [95% confidence interval, 1.6–5.8]; P = .001), as assessed using the risk-adjusted regression model. This racial disparity disappeared in a sensitivity analysis including only patients with a maximum Child-Pugh score of 13 (odds ratio 1.2 [95% confidence interval, 0.4–3.6]; P = .68), performed to compensate for the absence of Model for End-stage Liver Disease scores. Ethnoracial differences in access to teaching hospitals, liver transplant centers, first-line endoscopy, and transfusion did not significantly contribute (P > .05) to risk-adjusted mortality.ConclusionsBlack patients have a 2-fold higher inpatient mortality than non-Black patients following TIPS creation for acute variceal bleeding, possibly related to greater disease severity before the procedure.     

Effects of DRG-based hospital payment in Poland on treatment of patients with stroke

A prospective payment system based on Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) presents strong financial incentives to healthcare providers. These incentives may have intended as well as unintended consequences for the healthcare system. In this paper we use administrative data on stroke admissions to Polish hospitals in order to demonstrate the response of hospitals to the incentives embedded in the design of stroke-related groups in Poland. The design was intended to motivate hospitals for the development of specialized stroke units by paying significantly higher tariffs for treatment of patients in these units. As a result, an extensive network of stroke units has emerged. However, as it is shown in the paper, there is no evidence that outcomes in hospitals with stroke units are significantly different from outcomes in hospitals without stroke units. It is also demonstrated that the reliance on the length of stay as a major grouping variable provides incentives for regrouping patients into more expensive groups by extending their length of stay in stroke units. The results of the study are limited by the incompleteness of the casemix data. There is a need to develop information and audit systems which would further inform a revision of the DRG system aimed to reduce the risk of regrouping and up-coding.     

基于DRGs的公立医院控费实践与成效分析

目的:对河南省某三级综合医院引入DRGs管理工具,进行内部住院次均费用管控的经验进行总结,对其效果进行分析。方法:用CMI值对次均费用进行调整,对调整前后的次均费用分别监测。结果:该医院住院次均费用增长幅度逐年降低,用CMI值校正后的次均费用保持稳定甚至降低。结论:基于DRGs进行医院内部精准控费,可以提高医院的精细化管理水平;同时兼顾质量与安全,控费更加科学化。